Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Musculoskeletal deformities in children with spinal muscular atrophy: a multicenter cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up","authors":"Xiaoyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Zheng ,&nbsp;Jinhua Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Shujuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Xue ,&nbsp;Shuxiang Hu ,&nbsp;Guilan Peng ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuying Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Yabei Fan ,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Cuili Liang ,&nbsp;Liru Liu ,&nbsp;Lu He ,&nbsp;Jingbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Weizhe Shi ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Tian ,&nbsp;Mingshan Han ,&nbsp;Kaishou Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The administration of Nusinersen has extended the life expectancy of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Type I, while the prevalence and progression of musculoskeletal deformities remain uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis, joint contracture, and hip dislocation in children with SMA, and to assess whether Nusinersen combined with rehabilitation can stabilize or improve musculoskeletal conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter study enrolled 229 children with SMA across nine hospitals in China, with 83 followed longitudinally for 1 to 2 years after Nusinersen initiation. Age, gender, SMA subtype, motor ability, and functional scores were collected. Radiological examinations confirmed scoliosis and hip dislocation, while joint contracture was evaluated through passive range of motion. Spearman’s correlation and logistic regression were used to identify associations and predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 59% of children had scoliosis, 62% had joint contracture, and 21% had hip dislocation. Among children with SMA Type I, 42% presented scoliosis, 46% joint contracture, and 25% hip dislocation. Age was identified as a significant predictor of musculoskeletal deformities, with the odds of scoliosis increasing by 1.379 per year, joint contracture by 1.303, and hip dislocation by 1.305 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Musculoskeletal deformities correlated positively with age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but negatively with SMA subtype (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), motor ability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and HFMSE scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). During follow-up, scoliosis remained stable in 33% of children at 1 year and 42% at 2 years. Knee contracture stability was observed in 12% at 1 year, while ankle contracture remained stable in 25% at 1 and 2 years, with improvement in 25% at 2 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Musculoskeletal deformities are highly prevalent in children with SMA, particularly among Type I. Age and SMA subtype were significant predictors. Our findings suggest that an integrated approach combining Nusinersen treatment with rehabilitation management may help stabilize or improve musculoskeletal outcomes in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Data registration reference</h3><div>NCT04089566.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"Article 102080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative disability predicts goal attainment failure after selective tibial neurotomy and rehabilitation: a 5-year follow-up study","authors":"Corentin Dauleac ,&nbsp;Jacques Luaute ,&nbsp;Gilles Rode ,&nbsp;Patrick Mertens","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies assessing the effectiveness of selective tibial neurotomy (STN) assume that the procedure, combined with a rehabilitation program, reduces foot spasticity and allows the achievement of personal goals. However, few studies have reported failures in goal attainment or recurrence of spasticity, and no predictive factors have been established.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify predictors associated with the failure to achieve personal goals after STN and rehabilitation programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-eight adult participants with spastic foot, irrespective of the etiology, who underwent STN followed by a rehabilitation program were included. Personal goals were assessed using the Goal Attainment Scaling methodology, with T-scores calculated through a 5-year follow-up. Spasticity recurrence was defined as worsening of spasticity on the modified Ashworth scale compared with the clinical status 1 year after STN. Clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify independent predictors, which were subsequently confirmed using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the 5-year follow-up, 10 participants (10/88, 11 %) had a T-score &lt;50. Logistic regression identified the degree of preoperative disability (modified Rankin Scale ≥3, <em>P</em> = 0.003) as the only significant predictor of failure to achieve personal goals. Spasticity-free survival was significantly higher among participants who had achieved their goals at least as expected (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0005), suggesting a strong relationship between long-term functional gains and sustained spasticity reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Failure to achieve personal goals after STN and a rehabilitation program is rare. However, greater preoperative disability was identified as a predictor of goal attainment failure over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"Article 102066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of physical exercise on quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a network meta-analysis","authors":"Miguel Contreras Molina ,&nbsp;Susana Priego Jiménez ,&nbsp;Celia Álvarez Bueno ,&nbsp;Beatriz Rodríguez Martín ,&nbsp;Blanca Zuheros Lara ,&nbsp;Marta Carolina Ruiz Grao","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and poses significant challenges because of its high incidence and treatment-related sequelae. Although the benefits of physical exercise across treatment phases are well documented, evidence specifically assessing its effects during chemotherapy remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise in improving overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to compare the impact of various exercise modalities on HRQoL during chemotherapy. Literature searches were conducted through August 2025. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and the evidence quality was rated using GRADE. Pairwise and NMA were conducted via random effects models. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values were calculated to rank the interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen RCTs with 1539 participants were included. Compared with the control interventions, the combined and endurance-based exercise interventions had greater effect sizes (ES = 0.41; 95 % CI, 0.15–0.68 for both). These programs significantly improved overall HRQoL in women undergoing chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Physical exercise during chemotherapy effectively enhances HRQoL in women with breast cancer. Combined and endurance interventions are the most beneficial.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>Findings support the use of structured, supervised exercise, especially combined or endurance-based exercise, in routine care. Programs with relaxation components (eg, yoga) are particularly effective for addressing stress and anxiety. Tailored interventions may optimize adherence and therapeutic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>PROSPERO registration</h3><div>CRD42024555581</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"Article 102064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific procedure combinations in a rehabilitation setting define severity clusters of older adults with multiple sclerosis: a cohort study","authors":"Jonathan Levy ,&nbsp;Arnaud Leilaz ,&nbsp;Antoine Léotard ,&nbsp;Charles Joussain ,&nbsp;Marjorie Salga ,&nbsp;John Castro ,&nbsp;Maude Espagnacq ,&nbsp;Olivier Heinzlef ,&nbsp;Djamel Bensmail","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are ageing and exposed to multiple impairments. We described the use of health care procedures in a physical and rehabilitation medicine setting for PwMS ≥70 years and identified specific participant clusters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this observational cohort study using a local data hub (2012 to March 2024), PwMS were identified with ICD-10 codes (G35). An age filter (≥70) was applied. Medical procedures were systematically coded according to a specific French classification over time, including dates of occurrence, and then extracted and grouped by impairment domains: upper motor neuron syndrome and orthopedic deformities (UMN-OD), respiratory and sleep disorders (RSD), and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical files. We conducted descriptive analyses and multiple-component and clustering analyses to identify and characterize the participants’ profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 206 participants aged 75.7 (4.3) years, 62% (128) were women, 19% (39) had died, and MS had evolved for 43.3 (12.4) years. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 7.5 (6.5–8.5), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 6 (5–7). A total of 2794 procedures were performed for 187 participants, mainly in NLUTD (1424 for 170), which was associated with RSD (<em>P</em> = 0.001), but not UMN-OD (<em>P</em> = 0.262). Three groups were identified (Group 1 = isolated NLUTD, Group 2 = RSD and intrathecal baclofen procedures, and Group 3 = no in-hospital management). People in Group 2 had more severe comorbidities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) than those in the other two groups (<em>P</em> = 0.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In PwMS ≥70 years, the hospital management of MS-related impairments was directly associated with disease severity and overall comorbidities. Participants who were followed only for NLUTD exhibited severity and comorbidity profiles similar to those of participants who did not require hospital procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Data registration</h3><div>Our institutional health data warehouse and all derived extracted databases within the scope of the health team perimeter are approved by the French Data Protection Authority under the No. 1980120.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"Article 102075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of wrist radiographic indices in people with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Nadide Koca ,&nbsp;Nida Kocer Nazlıgül","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (ICTS) is a common condition characterized by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, leading to symptoms like pain, numbness, and weakness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to compare wrist radiographic characteristics of participants with ICTS to those without ICTS and to examine their relationship with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) severity and symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective case-control study. The study included 136 participants with ICTS and 221 affected hands, along with a control group of 139 participants without ICTS with 240 hands. Within the case group, the electrophysiological severity and symptom severity of CTS were compared with radiographic findings. Ulnar variance (UV), radial inclination (RI), volar tilt (VT), radiolunate angle (RLA), radioscaphoid angle (RSA), scapholunate angle (SLA), wrist anteroposterior diameter (APD), wrist transverse diameter (TD), and carpal height ratio (CHR) were measured on wrist radiographs of both the case and control groups, and the results were statistically compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the ICTS group (32.01 vs 28.4; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In the ICTS group, RI was significantly lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas RLA, RSA, and SLA were significantly higher than in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01 for all). Both positive and negative UV values were significantly elevated in ICTS cases (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Within the CTS group, RLA showed a positive association with electrophysiological severity, whereas SLA showed a negative association (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for both). RSA was the only radiographic parameter significantly associated with symptom severity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Decreased RI, increased frequency of both positive and negative UV, and increased SLA, RLA, and RSA were strongly associated with scapholunate dissociation (SLD) in participants with ICTS. Decreased RI and increased positive/negative UV are anatomical risk factors for SLD in people with ICTS. SLD may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICTS<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Data registration reference</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06841809.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 2","pages":"Article 102068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New cutoff values for the assessment of retropulsion","authors":"Jeannine Bergmann ,&nbsp;Carmen Krewer ,&nbsp;Klaus Jahn","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"Article 102071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of exercise therapy on lumbar muscle structure in low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yang-Chi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"Article 102059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of manual therapy in people with chronic non-specific low back pain: an umbrella review with meta-analysis","authors":"Orlando Conde-Vázquez ,&nbsp;José García-Cancela ,&nbsp;Santiago Navarro-Ledesma ,&nbsp;Leo Pruimboom","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a widely recognized condition worldwide. Its clinical management must be based on the best current evidence to achieve optimal outcomes, yet there is still a lack of consensus on its clinical approach.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) on pain intensity, frequency, disability, and quality of life in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in 8 databases, covering January 2014 to October 2024. Inclusion criteria included adults with CNLBP, MT interventions provided by healthcare professionals, and systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Data on pain intensity, pain frequency, disability, and quality of life measured using validated scales were extracted. The results were shown according to the type of intervention and the period evaluated (short, medium, or long term).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>About 21 SRs with 35,711 participants were included. MT included spinal manipulation, soft-tissue techniques, myofascial techniques, massage, and neuromeningeal techniques. MT outperforms other interventions regarding pain (MD −10.52; 95% CI −13.71 to −7.33) and disability (SMD −0.60; 95% CI−0.80 to −0.40) in the short term, and this effect diminishes over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MT offers significant short-term benefits in reducing pain and disability in individuals with CNLBP. Like most interventions for CNLBP, the effects of MT tend to diminish over time. Nevertheless, MT may serve as a valuable treatment option for short-term pain relief and functional improvement. Limitations in the methodological quality and long-term follow-up of included studies constrain the conclusions that can be drawn about long-term efficacy.</div><div>Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023382825.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 2","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficit of the thenar muscles does not contribute to outcomes after intra-articular botulinum neurotoxin-A for base-of-thumb osteoarthritis","authors":"Francesca Milone ,&nbsp;Raphaël Campagna ,&nbsp;Henri Guerini ,&nbsp;Camille Daste ,&nbsp;Antoine Feydy ,&nbsp;Marie-Martine Lefèvre-Colau ,&nbsp;François Rannou ,&nbsp;Christelle Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 2","pages":"Article 102054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to improve executive functions and self-awareness in the early phase post-traumatic brain injury: A systematic review","authors":"Rotem Eliav ,&nbsp;Aliza Sagiv ,&nbsp;Yael Nadler Tzadok ,&nbsp;Yishai Bachar Kirshenboim ,&nbsp;Rachel Kizony ,&nbsp;Debbie Rand","doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive rehabilitation guidelines addressing executive function and self-awareness impairments post-traumatic brain injury (post-TBI) involve metacognitive-strategy interventions. However, studies informing these interventions were conducted predominantly in the chronic phase, potentially limiting their applicability to earlier phases.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions for improving executive function or self-awareness early post-TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Psycinfo, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for trials published from database inception to March 25, 2024. Inclusion criteria were cognitive interventions for improving executive function or self-awareness impairments post-TBI, at least level IV of evidence. Two independent reviewers screened the identified articles using Covidence software, assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias and Downs and Black scale, and evaluated the quality of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Conflicts were resolved by consulting with a senior reviewer. Full-text review was conducted on 527 of the 6610 identified studies, and 17 studies (957 adults post-TBI) were included (13 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized experimental designs, and 1 pre–post design).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individualized/group interventions focused on specific executive functions, general cognitive function, holistic programs, or self-awareness. Outcome measures included neuropsychological tests, performance-based assessments, daily function evaluations, and self-awareness measures. Positive results were evident for interventions targeting executive functions, and VR-based, metacognitive, and remedial approaches. Interventions incorporating feedback and task-performance analysis were preferable for self-awareness. Nonetheless, heterogeneity and low-quality evidence, due primarily to inconsistency and high risk of bias, limited the generalizability of findings and precluded definitive clinical recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A significant research gap emphasizes the need to explore cognitive interventions during the early phases post-TBI. Future studies should follow standardized protocols for assessment and interventions to enhance comparability and strengthen the evidence base for cognitive rehabilitation early post-TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>The protocol of this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020210622)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56030,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"Article 102032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}