L. Hesler, W. D. Perreira, Janis N. Matsunaga, D. Yee, M. Ahmed, Eric A. Beckendorf
Abstract. Several species of lady(bird) beetles have been purposefully and inadvertently introduced for more than 100 years in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Here, we report new state records for two lady beetle species in Hawai‘i, 20 new island records associated with 14 lady beetle species, and prey information associated with eight records. The update includes new geographic distribution records from five of the eight main islands and the Northwestern Islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. New state records are reported for Delphastus pallidus LeConte, 1878 and Novius pumilus (Weise, 1892) in Hawai‘i. New island records are reported for Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798); Cycloneda sanguinea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763; Diomus roseicollis (Mulsant, 1853); Hyperaspis connectens (Thunberg, 1808); Hyperaspis silvestrii Weise, 1909; Nephaspis bicolor Gordon, 1982; Nephus roepkei (Fluiter, 1938); Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say, 1824); Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell, 1892); Scymnobius bilucernarius (Mulsant, 1850); Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Serangium maculigerum Blackburn, 1892; an undetermined Pharoscymnus sp. previously recorded in Hawai‘i; and an undetermined Sticholotis sp. previously reported from Hawai‘i. We report Laos as a new country record for the Sticholotis sp. Prey records are documented in Hawai‘i that include Tetraleurodes acaciae (Quaintance, 1900) for D. pallidus; Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 for S. maculigerum; Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring 1994 and Metaleurodicus cardini (Back, 1912) for N. bicolor; Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Back, 1912) for N. indus and D. roseicollis; Aonidiella orientalis for R. lophanthae; and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 for S. latemaculatus. The new records demonstrate the value of ongoing sampling and regular examination of undetermined collections.
{"title":"New state, island and prey records from Hawai‘i, U.S.A., and a new country record from Laos for lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"L. Hesler, W. D. Perreira, Janis N. Matsunaga, D. Yee, M. Ahmed, Eric A. Beckendorf","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.2.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.2.128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Several species of lady(bird) beetles have been purposefully and inadvertently introduced for more than 100 years in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Here, we report new state records for two lady beetle species in Hawai‘i, 20 new island records associated with 14 lady beetle species, and prey information associated with eight records. The update includes new geographic distribution records from five of the eight main islands and the Northwestern Islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. New state records are reported for Delphastus pallidus LeConte, 1878 and Novius pumilus (Weise, 1892) in Hawai‘i. New island records are reported for Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798); Cycloneda sanguinea sanguinea Linnaeus, 1763; Diomus roseicollis (Mulsant, 1853); Hyperaspis connectens (Thunberg, 1808); Hyperaspis silvestrii Weise, 1909; Nephaspis bicolor Gordon, 1982; Nephus roepkei (Fluiter, 1938); Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say, 1824); Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell, 1892); Scymnobius bilucernarius (Mulsant, 1850); Scymnus (Pullus) latemaculatus Motschulsky, 1858; Serangium maculigerum Blackburn, 1892; an undetermined Pharoscymnus sp. previously recorded in Hawai‘i; and an undetermined Sticholotis sp. previously reported from Hawai‘i. We report Laos as a new country record for the Sticholotis sp. Prey records are documented in Hawai‘i that include Tetraleurodes acaciae (Quaintance, 1900) for D. pallidus; Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 for S. maculigerum; Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring 1994 and Metaleurodicus cardini (Back, 1912) for N. bicolor; Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Back, 1912) for N. indus and D. roseicollis; Aonidiella orientalis for R. lophanthae; and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 for S. latemaculatus. The new records demonstrate the value of ongoing sampling and regular examination of undetermined collections.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The family Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 (= Perimylopidae St. George, 1939) has experienced a broad systematic redefinition and changes to its taxonomic composition during the last decade. Ten genera comprise this relatively small lineage, which is geographically restricted to the Holantarctic region. We further transfer the genus Dolphus Blanchard, 1847 from Tenebrionidae to Promecheilidae. The latter monotypic genus has been taxonomically problematic since its description due to the unique holotype being destroyed during its original species description. A full taxonomic catalog for the family is provided with type localities and references to synonymies, new combinations, and other nomenclatural changes. The catalog is illustrated with high-resolution images of type specimens housed in the Natural History Museum, London.
{"title":"Illustrated catalog of world Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)","authors":"M. A. Johnston, Keita Matsumoto","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The family Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 (= Perimylopidae St. George, 1939) has experienced a broad systematic redefinition and changes to its taxonomic composition during the last decade. Ten genera comprise this relatively small lineage, which is geographically restricted to the Holantarctic region. We further transfer the genus Dolphus Blanchard, 1847 from Tenebrionidae to Promecheilidae. The latter monotypic genus has been taxonomically problematic since its description due to the unique holotype being destroyed during its original species description. A full taxonomic catalog for the family is provided with type localities and references to synonymies, new combinations, and other nomenclatural changes. The catalog is illustrated with high-resolution images of type specimens housed in the Natural History Museum, London.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45689334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Clastoptera mineralis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) lives on cypresses (Hesperocyparis spp.) (Cupressaceae) in the San Francisco Bay Area. Many of its post-first-instar nymphs form and live within mineral-crusted spittle masses until adult emergence. No comparable phenomenon has been documented in New World spittlebugs, but mineral coverings have been observed in the Old World spittlebug groups Machaerotidae, which make mineralized nymphal tubes, and Tremapterus Spinola, 1850, which make spittles with mineral casings. In contrast to the more permanent and organized structures of the Old World species, the remains of C. mineralis crust disappear after late fall rains and may depend on the intense California summer dry season for their initial persistence. They might represent an early stage in the evolution of nymphal mineral coverings. Some C. mineralis nymphs are associated with spittle-inhabiting larvae of the fly Cladochaeta sturtevanti Wheeler & Takada, 1971 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), which apparently stunts their growth. Some C. sturtevanti pupae are attacked in turn by a chalcid wasp parasitoid of the genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Both parasitized and unparasitized fly puparia were found associated with C. mineralis mineral crusts.
{"title":"New San Francisco Bay Area spittlebug of the genus Clastoptera Germar, 1839 (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) makes unique mineral-crusted spittles","authors":"V. Thompson","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Clastoptera mineralis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) lives on cypresses (Hesperocyparis spp.) (Cupressaceae) in the San Francisco Bay Area. Many of its post-first-instar nymphs form and live within mineral-crusted spittle masses until adult emergence. No comparable phenomenon has been documented in New World spittlebugs, but mineral coverings have been observed in the Old World spittlebug groups Machaerotidae, which make mineralized nymphal tubes, and Tremapterus Spinola, 1850, which make spittles with mineral casings. In contrast to the more permanent and organized structures of the Old World species, the remains of C. mineralis crust disappear after late fall rains and may depend on the intense California summer dry season for their initial persistence. They might represent an early stage in the evolution of nymphal mineral coverings. Some C. mineralis nymphs are associated with spittle-inhabiting larvae of the fly Cladochaeta sturtevanti Wheeler & Takada, 1971 (Diptera: Drosophilidae), which apparently stunts their growth. Some C. sturtevanti pupae are attacked in turn by a chalcid wasp parasitoid of the genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833 (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Both parasitized and unparasitized fly puparia were found associated with C. mineralis mineral crusts.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gerth, J. Giersch, Cary D. Kerst, Jon Lee, Anya N. Metcalfe, A. Orfinger, Terry Ruiter, Mary Jo Wevers, Bob Wisseman
Bill Gerth1*, Joe Giersch2, cary Kerst3, Jon lee4, anya Metcalfe5, alex orfinGer6,7, terry ruiter8, Mary Jo Wevers9 and BoB WisseMan9 1Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A. 2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana, U.S.A. 34610 Manzanita Street, Eugene, Oregon 97405, U.S.A. 4Jon Lee Consulting, 2337 15th Street, Eureka, California 95501, U.S.A. 5U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A. 6Center for Water Resources, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, U.S.A. 7Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. 8235 SW Central Avenue, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526, U.S.A. 9Aquatic Biology Associates, Inc., 3490 NW Deer Run Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, U.S.A. *Corresponding author. E-mail: gerthw@oregonstate.edu THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 99(1):1–21, (2023)
Bill Gerth1*、Joe Giersch2、cary Kerst3、Jon lee4、anya Metcalfe5、alex orfin Ger6,7、terry ruiter8、Mary Jo Wevers9和BoB WisseMan9 1俄勒冈州科瓦利斯俄勒冈州立大学渔业、野生动物和保护科学系97331，美国俄勒冈州2美国地质调查局，北落基山科学中心，美国蒙大拿州西冰川34610 Manzanita Street，Eugene，Oregon 97405，美国4Jon Lee Consulting，2337 15th Street，Eureka，California 95501，U.S.A.5U.S.Geological Survey，Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center，Flagstaff，Arizona，U.S.A.6佛罗里达州塔拉哈西市佛罗里达农工大学水资源中心，32307，U.S.A.7佛罗里达大学昆虫与线虫学系，Gainesville，Florida 32611，U.S.A.8235 SW Central Avenue，Grants Pass，俄勒冈州97526，U.S.A.9Aquatic Biology Associates，股份有限公司，3490 NW Deer Run Street，Corvallis，Oregon 97330，U.S.A.*通讯作者。电子邮件：gerthw@oregonstate.edu泛太平洋昆虫学家99（1）：1-21，（2023）
{"title":"David Ernest Ruiter (February 2, 1948 to February 4, 2021)","authors":"B. Gerth, J. Giersch, Cary D. Kerst, Jon Lee, Anya N. Metcalfe, A. Orfinger, Terry Ruiter, Mary Jo Wevers, Bob Wisseman","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bill Gerth1*, Joe Giersch2, cary Kerst3, Jon lee4, anya Metcalfe5, alex orfinGer6,7, terry ruiter8, Mary Jo Wevers9 and BoB WisseMan9 1Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A. 2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, West Glacier, Montana, U.S.A. 34610 Manzanita Street, Eugene, Oregon 97405, U.S.A. 4Jon Lee Consulting, 2337 15th Street, Eureka, California 95501, U.S.A. 5U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A. 6Center for Water Resources, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, U.S.A. 7Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. 8235 SW Central Avenue, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526, U.S.A. 9Aquatic Biology Associates, Inc., 3490 NW Deer Run Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, U.S.A. *Corresponding author. E-mail: gerthw@oregonstate.edu THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 99(1):1–21, (2023)","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. From 2000 to 2013, an inventory was conducted by introductory entomology classes from the College of Marin (COM) with the twin goals of describing this insect community and enhancing students' educational experiences. General collecting was the main method, supplemented by rearing of immature stages and by light, pitfall, and pan trapping. After specimens were processed and identified, literature review provided information on five key life history traits of the species: area of origin, range, habitat, feeding habit, and dietary specificity. Four-hundred ninety species or morphospecies were recorded from 12 orders and 133 families. Diptera was the order with the most species. For 449 species with information available, 45% were plant feeders, 21% were predators, and 17% were parasites. For 274 species with information on dietary breadth, 57% were generalists and 43% were specialists. One species and four distinctive populations of other species were endemic to the site. Thirty-nine species had distributions likely restricted to the sand dunes of the immediate Pacific Coastal slope. Groups of species shared with adjacent habitats were also important components of the community. Findings are compared with the information available from other sand dune faunas. The diversity and uniqueness of this community warrant continued conservation efforts, especially the removal of invasive plant species. Students received benefits beyond those expected from the standard introductory course. Recommendations are made for improvement of the description of this community and for the more efficient integration of inventory of local insect faunas into general entomology classes.
{"title":"The insect community of an endangered habitat: coastal dunes at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, U.S.A.","authors":"Paul G. da Silva, W. Lenarz, M. A. Garcia","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. From 2000 to 2013, an inventory was conducted by introductory entomology classes from the College of Marin (COM) with the twin goals of describing this insect community and enhancing students' educational experiences. General collecting was the main method, supplemented by rearing of immature stages and by light, pitfall, and pan trapping. After specimens were processed and identified, literature review provided information on five key life history traits of the species: area of origin, range, habitat, feeding habit, and dietary specificity. Four-hundred ninety species or morphospecies were recorded from 12 orders and 133 families. Diptera was the order with the most species. For 449 species with information available, 45% were plant feeders, 21% were predators, and 17% were parasites. For 274 species with information on dietary breadth, 57% were generalists and 43% were specialists. One species and four distinctive populations of other species were endemic to the site. Thirty-nine species had distributions likely restricted to the sand dunes of the immediate Pacific Coastal slope. Groups of species shared with adjacent habitats were also important components of the community. Findings are compared with the information available from other sand dune faunas. The diversity and uniqueness of this community warrant continued conservation efforts, especially the removal of invasive plant species. Students received benefits beyond those expected from the standard introductory course. Recommendations are made for improvement of the description of this community and for the more efficient integration of inventory of local insect faunas into general entomology classes.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie S. Jubb, Kari E. Stanley, J. Foley, S. Salom
of the family Adelgidae (Franz 1958, Clark & Brown 1960, Leschen 2011, Montgomery et al. 2011). Two Laricobius species have been utilized as biological control agents for the management of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). HWA is native to Mainland China, Japan, Taiwan, and western North America but was inadvertently introduced into the eastern United States from Japan (Havill et al. 2006) with its first detection being in Richmond, Virginia in 1951 (Gouger 1971, Stoetzel 2002). HWA causes significant damage and mortality to two native hemlock species in its introduced range: Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriére (Pinaceae) and Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann. Operational releases of Laricobius nigrinus Fender, 1945 (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a western North American native, were initiated in the eastern U.S. in 2003 as a part of a biological control program implemented by the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Mausel et al. 2010, Onken & Reardon 2011). This species has been highly effective at establishing and dispersing from original release sites (Mausel et al. 2010, Davis et al. 2012, Foley et al. 2019, Jubb et al. 2021), and has exhibited high rates of impact on the overwintering sistens generation of HWA (Mayfield et al. 2015, Jubb et al. 2020). After years of focused effort on the production and release of L. nigrinus, attention was directed towards a Japanese native congener, Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake, 2011 (Foley et al. 2021). This species was of particular interest to this biological control program because it had coevolved with the lineage of HWA that was introduced into the eastern U.S. (Havill et al. 2006, Montgomery et al. 2011). The first releases of L. osakensis were conducted in 2012 (Mooneyham et al. 2016), and establishment at many locations has been confirmed (Toland et al. 2018, Virginia Tech 2022). Production and release of L. osakensis continues at two state rearing facilities: Virginia Tech and the University of Tennessee (Foley et al. 2021). A third species, Laricobius rubidus LeConte, 1861 is the only Laricobius species native to eastern North America (Clark & Brown 1960) and preferentially feeds on pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Hartig, 1839 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a specialist herbivore of white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae) (Doane 1961). In areas where hemlock and white pine co-occur, this species is known to feed and develop on HWA (Zilahi-Balogh et al. 2005, Wantuch et al. 2019). Laricobius rubidus and L. nigrinus are closely related sister species that can hybridize and produce viable progeny (Havill et al. 2012, Fischer et al. 2015a). Laricobius nigrinus has become ubiquitous in many locations in the eastern U.S. due to consistent yearly releases and subsequent establishment and dispersal. As a result, it is often inadvertently brought into rearing labs with its native congener, L. rubidus, and associated hybrids on HWA infested he
(Franz 1958, Clark & Brown 1960, Leschen 2011, Montgomery et al. 2011)。本文利用两种落叶松蝇作为生物防治剂，对铁杉绵蚜(Adelges tsugae Annand, 1928)进行了防治。HWA原产于中国大陆、日本、台湾和北美西部，但无意中从日本引入美国东部(Havill et al. 2006)， 1951年在弗吉尼亚州里士满首次发现(Gouger 1971, Stoetzel 2002)。HWA对其引种地的两种本地铁杉(Tsuga canadensis, L.)造成了严重的危害和死亡。松科卡罗尼亚和卡罗尼亚。北美西部原生物种Laricobius nigrinus Fender, 1945 (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)，作为美国农业部林业局实施的生物防治计划的一部分，于2003年在美国东部开始实施(Mausel et al. 2010, Onken & Reardon 2011)。该物种在建立和分散原始放生地点方面非常有效(Mausel等人，2010年，Davis等人，2012年，Foley等人，2019年，Jubb等人，2021年)，并且对HWA的越冬雌虫产生了很高的影响(Mayfield等人，2015年，Jubb等人，2020年)。在对黑乳杆菌的生产和释放进行了多年的重点研究之后，人们将注意力转向了日本本土的同系物Laricobius osakensis Montgomery和Shiyake, 2011 (Foley et al. 2021)。该物种对生物防治计划特别感兴趣，因为它与引入美国东部的HWA谱系共同进化(Havill et al. 2006, Montgomery et al. 2011)。2012年进行了第一次放生(moonyham et al. 2016)，并在许多地点确定了放生(Toland et al. 2018, Virginia Tech 2022)。在弗吉尼亚理工大学和田纳西大学这两家州立饲养机构，继续生产和放养L. osakensis (Foley et al. 2021)。第三种，Laricobius rubidus LeConte, 1861年，是唯一一种原产于北美东部的Laricobius物种(Clark & Brown 1960)，它优先以松树树皮为食，Pinus strobi Hartig, 1839年(半翅目:松树科)，一种专门食草的白松，Pinus strobus L.(松科)(Doane 1961)。在铁杉和白松共存的地区，已知该物种以HWA为食和发育(Zilahi-Balogh et al. 2005, Wantuch et al. 2019)。Laricobius rubidus和L. nigrinus是亲缘关系较近的姐妹种，可以杂交并产生可存活的后代(Havill et al. 2012, Fischer et al. 2015a)。由于每年持续的释放和随后的建立和分散，黑松毛虫在美国东部的许多地方变得无处不在。因此，它经常被无意中与其本地同系物L. rubidus和相关杂交种一起带到饲养实验室，这些杂交种被HWA侵染的铁杉树枝上，用于维持L. osakensis的实验室菌落(Foley et al. 2021)。通常，这种副渔获出现在3月和4月，此时幼虫在田间活跃。每个物种和/或杂交的幼虫在形态上难以区分，这使科学笔记相当复杂
{"title":"Distinguishing adult Laricobius osakensis Montgomery & Shiyake, 2011 (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) from Laricobius nigrinus Fender, 1945 and Laricobius rubidus LeConte, 1861 using pronotal morphology","authors":"Carrie S. Jubb, Kari E. Stanley, J. Foley, S. Salom","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"of the family Adelgidae (Franz 1958, Clark & Brown 1960, Leschen 2011, Montgomery et al. 2011). Two Laricobius species have been utilized as biological control agents for the management of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). HWA is native to Mainland China, Japan, Taiwan, and western North America but was inadvertently introduced into the eastern United States from Japan (Havill et al. 2006) with its first detection being in Richmond, Virginia in 1951 (Gouger 1971, Stoetzel 2002). HWA causes significant damage and mortality to two native hemlock species in its introduced range: Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriére (Pinaceae) and Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann. Operational releases of Laricobius nigrinus Fender, 1945 (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a western North American native, were initiated in the eastern U.S. in 2003 as a part of a biological control program implemented by the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Mausel et al. 2010, Onken & Reardon 2011). This species has been highly effective at establishing and dispersing from original release sites (Mausel et al. 2010, Davis et al. 2012, Foley et al. 2019, Jubb et al. 2021), and has exhibited high rates of impact on the overwintering sistens generation of HWA (Mayfield et al. 2015, Jubb et al. 2020). After years of focused effort on the production and release of L. nigrinus, attention was directed towards a Japanese native congener, Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake, 2011 (Foley et al. 2021). This species was of particular interest to this biological control program because it had coevolved with the lineage of HWA that was introduced into the eastern U.S. (Havill et al. 2006, Montgomery et al. 2011). The first releases of L. osakensis were conducted in 2012 (Mooneyham et al. 2016), and establishment at many locations has been confirmed (Toland et al. 2018, Virginia Tech 2022). Production and release of L. osakensis continues at two state rearing facilities: Virginia Tech and the University of Tennessee (Foley et al. 2021). A third species, Laricobius rubidus LeConte, 1861 is the only Laricobius species native to eastern North America (Clark & Brown 1960) and preferentially feeds on pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Hartig, 1839 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a specialist herbivore of white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae) (Doane 1961). In areas where hemlock and white pine co-occur, this species is known to feed and develop on HWA (Zilahi-Balogh et al. 2005, Wantuch et al. 2019). Laricobius rubidus and L. nigrinus are closely related sister species that can hybridize and produce viable progeny (Havill et al. 2012, Fischer et al. 2015a). Laricobius nigrinus has become ubiquitous in many locations in the eastern U.S. due to consistent yearly releases and subsequent establishment and dispersal. As a result, it is often inadvertently brought into rearing labs with its native congener, L. rubidus, and associated hybrids on HWA infested he","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46609580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
species, T. aloga Skinner, 1903 (Figs. 1–2), T. erosa LeConte, 1851 and T. latecincta Horn, 1891, which are found in the southwestern United States and adjoining northwestern Mexico. These three species are mostly geographically separate but are very closely related and distinguished from one another only by a combination of variable adult traits (Pinto 1975a). The range of T. aloga is primarily central to southern Arizona, with scattered records in western Arizona, extreme southeastern California and Sonora, Mexico. We here summarize the known agricultural impacts, behavior, and biology of this species and report new plant feeding records and notes from our observations. Tegrodera aloga causes occasional agricultural problems. The first reported pestiferous event in Arizona was in 1914, where “they were observed to attack the foliage of young fruit trees in addition to alfalfa” (Morrill 1914:33, reported there under the older concept of T. erosa). Again, in 1930, the beetles were noted to have defoliated unspecified vegetable crops after migrating from the surrounding desert into agricultural fields (Lebert 1931:60, reported under the name T. latecincta). Tegrodera aloga was further reported to feed on alfalfa from museum specimen labels from southeastern California and central Arizona as well as from sugar beet crops (Pinto 1975a:49). Most recently, a number of reports emerged in 2015 of T. aloga being found in organic packaged greens, specifically packaged lettuce, spinach, and salad in both Canada and the United States (Anonymous 2015, Northrup 2015). Many Nearctic species within the family of Meloidae are known to be parasites of solitary ground dwelling bees (Erickson et al. 1976). Tegrodera aloga is presumed to be such a parasite of bee nests, though no direct observations in the wild have yet been published. Triungulin (first-instar) and first-grub phase larvae have been reared from captive adults, but the subsequent coarctate larval stage was not successfully reared to pupation (Erickson & Werner 1974). The triungulin larva was described by Erickson (1973). Erickson & Werner (1974) reported that the triungulin instar lasts only 2–3 days before it molts into the first-grub phase which occupies instars 2–5. During this latter phase, the larvae fed on pollen balls created by bees. Erickson & Werner (1974) offered larvae of several bee species as food to T. aloga larvae, but none were consumed. This may indicate that T. aloga feeds only on pollen ball stores of ground nesting bees, but the failure to rear larvae all the way through to the adult stage may alternatively indicate that some other specific food source is required. Erickson & Werner (1974) concluded from their study that consuming bee larvae was not critical to the development of T. aloga, at least during the feeding instars, but moisture level within the rearing chambers and composition of the food mattered greatly. Species within Tegrodera have a unique courtship behavior among
{"title":"Notes on adult feeding and behavior of Tegrodera aloga Skinner, 1903 (Coleoptera: Meloidae)","authors":"Ethan R. Wright, E. Makings, M. Andrew Johnston","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.1.81","url":null,"abstract":"species, T. aloga Skinner, 1903 (Figs. 1–2), T. erosa LeConte, 1851 and T. latecincta Horn, 1891, which are found in the southwestern United States and adjoining northwestern Mexico. These three species are mostly geographically separate but are very closely related and distinguished from one another only by a combination of variable adult traits (Pinto 1975a). The range of T. aloga is primarily central to southern Arizona, with scattered records in western Arizona, extreme southeastern California and Sonora, Mexico. We here summarize the known agricultural impacts, behavior, and biology of this species and report new plant feeding records and notes from our observations. Tegrodera aloga causes occasional agricultural problems. The first reported pestiferous event in Arizona was in 1914, where “they were observed to attack the foliage of young fruit trees in addition to alfalfa” (Morrill 1914:33, reported there under the older concept of T. erosa). Again, in 1930, the beetles were noted to have defoliated unspecified vegetable crops after migrating from the surrounding desert into agricultural fields (Lebert 1931:60, reported under the name T. latecincta). Tegrodera aloga was further reported to feed on alfalfa from museum specimen labels from southeastern California and central Arizona as well as from sugar beet crops (Pinto 1975a:49). Most recently, a number of reports emerged in 2015 of T. aloga being found in organic packaged greens, specifically packaged lettuce, spinach, and salad in both Canada and the United States (Anonymous 2015, Northrup 2015). Many Nearctic species within the family of Meloidae are known to be parasites of solitary ground dwelling bees (Erickson et al. 1976). Tegrodera aloga is presumed to be such a parasite of bee nests, though no direct observations in the wild have yet been published. Triungulin (first-instar) and first-grub phase larvae have been reared from captive adults, but the subsequent coarctate larval stage was not successfully reared to pupation (Erickson & Werner 1974). The triungulin larva was described by Erickson (1973). Erickson & Werner (1974) reported that the triungulin instar lasts only 2–3 days before it molts into the first-grub phase which occupies instars 2–5. During this latter phase, the larvae fed on pollen balls created by bees. Erickson & Werner (1974) offered larvae of several bee species as food to T. aloga larvae, but none were consumed. This may indicate that T. aloga feeds only on pollen ball stores of ground nesting bees, but the failure to rear larvae all the way through to the adult stage may alternatively indicate that some other specific food source is required. Erickson & Werner (1974) concluded from their study that consuming bee larvae was not critical to the development of T. aloga, at least during the feeding instars, but moisture level within the rearing chambers and composition of the food mattered greatly. Species within Tegrodera have a unique courtship behavior among ","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A description and diagnosis are given for Heterothrips ephemerus sp. nov. collected from flowers of Krameria erecta Willdenow (Krameriaceae) shrubs in the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada, U.S.A. Flowers have an unusual, bilateral structure and contain elaiophores that secrete oils collected by specialist bees. Shrubs flowered for approximately 11 days following convective rainfall during summer. Adults occurred early during flowering with numbers of females exceeding males by approximately 12:1. Larvae were more abundant and reached the maximum number per flower, in flowers containing thrips, near the end of the flowering period. The near absence of other species of thrips suggests H. ephemerus is a specialized inhabitant of K. erecta flowers.
{"title":"A new Heterothrips Hood, 1908 (Thysanoptera: Heterothripidae) in Krameria erecta Willdenow (Krameriaceae) flowers","authors":"William D. Wiesenborn","doi":"10.3956/2022-99.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-99.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A description and diagnosis are given for Heterothrips ephemerus sp. nov. collected from flowers of Krameria erecta Willdenow (Krameriaceae) shrubs in the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada, U.S.A. Flowers have an unusual, bilateral structure and contain elaiophores that secrete oils collected by specialist bees. Shrubs flowered for approximately 11 days following convective rainfall during summer. Adults occurred early during flowering with numbers of females exceeding males by approximately 12:1. Larvae were more abundant and reached the maximum number per flower, in flowers containing thrips, near the end of the flowering period. The near absence of other species of thrips suggests H. ephemerus is a specialized inhabitant of K. erecta flowers.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A new species of Earomyia Zetterstedt, 1842, namely E. melnickae sp. nov., is described from Montana, U.S.A. The new species is compared with other Nearctic Earomyia species, and its association with a highly toxic plant Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb. (Melanthiaceae) is discussed.
摘要本文报道了1842年美国蒙大拿州一新种(E. melnickae sp. nov.)，并将其与新北极地区其他种进行了比较，并分析了其与剧毒植物毒草(Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb的关系。(Melanthiaceae)属。
{"title":"A new species of Earomyia Zetterstedt, 1842 (Diptera; Lonchaeidae) from Montana, U.S.A., associated with the toxic plant Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb. (Melanthiaceae)","authors":"I. Macgowan, Tom Astle","doi":"10.3956/2022-98.4.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-98.4.313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new species of Earomyia Zetterstedt, 1842, namely E. melnickae sp. nov., is described from Montana, U.S.A. The new species is compared with other Nearctic Earomyia species, and its association with a highly toxic plant Toxicoscordion venenosum (S. Watson) Rydb. (Melanthiaceae) is discussed.","PeriodicalId":56098,"journal":{"name":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46035979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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