Emily P Morris, Jordan D Palms, Kiana Scambray, Ji Hyun Lee, Ketlyne Sol, Lenette M Jones, Jacqui Smith, Lindsay C Kobayashi, Laura B Zahodne
Objectives: Structural racism creates contextual stressors that disproportionately affect Black, relative to White, older adults in the U.S. and may contribute to worse cognitive health. We examined the extent to which interpersonal, community, and societal stressors uniquely explain Black-White disparities in initial memory and memory change.
Methods: The sample included 14,199 non-Latino Black and White older adults (Mage=68.32, 19.8% Black) from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study who completed psychosocial questionnaires at baseline and a word list memory task every two years over an eight-year period. Interpersonal, community, and societal stressors were operationalized as self-reported everyday discrimination, neighborhood physical disorder, and subjective societal status, respectively. Latent growth curves modeled longitudinal memory performance. Stressors were modeled simultaneously and allowed to correlate. Covariates included age, sex, education, wealth, parental education, and Southern residence.
Results: Compared to White participants, Black participants experienced more discrimination (β=-.004, SE=.001, p<.001), more neighborhood physical disorder (β=-.009, SE=.002, p<.001), and lower perceived societal status (β =-.002, SE=.001, p=.001), each of which uniquely mediated the racial disparity in initial memory. Sensitivity analyses utilizing proxy-imputed memory scores revealed an additional racial disparity in memory change, wherein Black participants evidenced faster decline than White participants. This disparity in memory change was only uniquely mediated by more everyday discrimination among Black participants.
Discussion: Elements of structural racism may contribute to cognitive disparities via disproportionate stress experiences at multiple contextual levels among Black older adults. Future research should consider multilevel protective factors that buffer against negative impacts of racism on health.
目标:结构性种族主义造成的环境压力因素对美国黑人老年人的影响比白人老年人更大,并可能导致认知健康状况恶化。我们研究了人际、社区和社会压力因素在多大程度上能独特解释黑人与白人在初始记忆和记忆变化方面的差异:样本包括美国健康与退休研究(U.S. Health and Retirement Study)中的 14,199 名非拉丁裔黑人和白人老年人(年龄=68.32,19.8% 为黑人),他们在基线时填写了社会心理问卷,并在八年时间里每两年完成一次单词表记忆任务。人际、社区和社会压力因素分别以自我报告的日常歧视、邻里关系失调和主观社会地位来表示。潜伏增长曲线对纵向记忆表现进行建模。压力源同时建模并允许相互关联。协变量包括年龄、性别、教育程度、财富、父母教育程度和南方居住地:结果:与白人参与者相比,黑人参与者经历了更多的歧视(β=-.004,SE=.001,p 讨论:结构性种族主义的因素可能会通过黑人老年人在多个背景层面上不成比例的压力体验而导致认知差异。未来的研究应考虑多层次的保护因素,以缓冲种族主义对健康的负面影响。
{"title":"Interpersonal, Community, and Societal Stressors Mediate Black-White Memory Disparities.","authors":"Emily P Morris, Jordan D Palms, Kiana Scambray, Ji Hyun Lee, Ketlyne Sol, Lenette M Jones, Jacqui Smith, Lindsay C Kobayashi, Laura B Zahodne","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Structural racism creates contextual stressors that disproportionately affect Black, relative to White, older adults in the U.S. and may contribute to worse cognitive health. We examined the extent to which interpersonal, community, and societal stressors uniquely explain Black-White disparities in initial memory and memory change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 14,199 non-Latino Black and White older adults (Mage=68.32, 19.8% Black) from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study who completed psychosocial questionnaires at baseline and a word list memory task every two years over an eight-year period. Interpersonal, community, and societal stressors were operationalized as self-reported everyday discrimination, neighborhood physical disorder, and subjective societal status, respectively. Latent growth curves modeled longitudinal memory performance. Stressors were modeled simultaneously and allowed to correlate. Covariates included age, sex, education, wealth, parental education, and Southern residence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to White participants, Black participants experienced more discrimination (β=-.004, SE=.001, p<.001), more neighborhood physical disorder (β=-.009, SE=.002, p<.001), and lower perceived societal status (β =-.002, SE=.001, p=.001), each of which uniquely mediated the racial disparity in initial memory. Sensitivity analyses utilizing proxy-imputed memory scores revealed an additional racial disparity in memory change, wherein Black participants evidenced faster decline than White participants. This disparity in memory change was only uniquely mediated by more everyday discrimination among Black participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Elements of structural racism may contribute to cognitive disparities via disproportionate stress experiences at multiple contextual levels among Black older adults. Future research should consider multilevel protective factors that buffer against negative impacts of racism on health.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Older adults rely on personal networks for different types of support. Given shifts in family composition in later adulthood, more work is needed to map network members who can provide multiple aspects of support and the implications for older adults. We explore the phenomenon of having the same network members as both a confidant and a caregiver (multiplexity) and its implications for the well-being of older adults.
Methods: Using the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we describe the prevalence of having someone as both a confidant and a caregiver (henceforth "multiplex helper") for older adults and examine its association with subjective well-being. We also investigate the differences by having whom as multiplex helpers.
Results: About three-quarters (76%) of older adults with at least one confidant and one caregiver have at least one multiplex helper. Partnered older adults are more likely to have any multiplex helpers than unpartnered counterparts and usually nominate their partner as a multiplex helper, whereas the unpartnered are more likely to rely on their children to serve multiple roles, especially for widowed older adults. Having a multiplex helper is associated with better subjective well-being.
Discussion: Network multiplexity is prevalent and positively associated with the subjective well-being of older adults who have at least one confidant and one caregiver, above and beyond having any confidants or caregivers separately. The baseline patterns established in this study lay the groundwork for future research to further explore support dynamics in older adults' networks.
{"title":"Confidants and Caregivers: Network Multiplexity and Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults.","authors":"Yongxin Shang, Sarah E Patterson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Older adults rely on personal networks for different types of support. Given shifts in family composition in later adulthood, more work is needed to map network members who can provide multiple aspects of support and the implications for older adults. We explore the phenomenon of having the same network members as both a confidant and a caregiver (multiplexity) and its implications for the well-being of older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we describe the prevalence of having someone as both a confidant and a caregiver (henceforth \"multiplex helper\") for older adults and examine its association with subjective well-being. We also investigate the differences by having whom as multiplex helpers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About three-quarters (76%) of older adults with at least one confidant and one caregiver have at least one multiplex helper. Partnered older adults are more likely to have any multiplex helpers than unpartnered counterparts and usually nominate their partner as a multiplex helper, whereas the unpartnered are more likely to rely on their children to serve multiple roles, especially for widowed older adults. Having a multiplex helper is associated with better subjective well-being.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Network multiplexity is prevalent and positively associated with the subjective well-being of older adults who have at least one confidant and one caregiver, above and beyond having any confidants or caregivers separately. The baseline patterns established in this study lay the groundwork for future research to further explore support dynamics in older adults' networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Cross-sectional studies suggest that individuals who perceive a broader future horizon may be more likely to consider the future consequences of their actions and, as a result, engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, research has yet to consider how this association plays out on the daily level.
Method: The present study used daily diary data from a sample of 198 older adults aged 60 years and older (M = 63.34, SD = 3.29) to investigate the relationship between daily future time perspective (FTP) and daily health behavior. Participants reported on sociodemographic characteristics during baseline surveys and completed daily diary measures of FTP and health behavior (e.g., nutrition, exercise, social/leisure activity) across 14 days. Multilevel modeling was used to examine within- and between-person associations between daily FTP and health behavior.
Results: Daily FTP was significantly associated with daily health behavior at the within- but not at the between-person level. Counter to past cross-sectional work, results revealed that individuals showed increased engagement in health behavior on days when they reported a more limited FTP.
Discussion: Findings highlight the importance of moving beyond the between-person level to consider how FTP fluctuates from day-to-day and relates to health behavior in everyday life. Older adults who view a more limited time horizon may be motivated to increase that future through healthier activities.
{"title":"Daily Limited Future Time Perspective Is Associated with More Health Behavior Within Older Adults.","authors":"Kyrsten C Hill, Mathias Allemand, Patrick Hill","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cross-sectional studies suggest that individuals who perceive a broader future horizon may be more likely to consider the future consequences of their actions and, as a result, engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, research has yet to consider how this association plays out on the daily level.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study used daily diary data from a sample of 198 older adults aged 60 years and older (M = 63.34, SD = 3.29) to investigate the relationship between daily future time perspective (FTP) and daily health behavior. Participants reported on sociodemographic characteristics during baseline surveys and completed daily diary measures of FTP and health behavior (e.g., nutrition, exercise, social/leisure activity) across 14 days. Multilevel modeling was used to examine within- and between-person associations between daily FTP and health behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Daily FTP was significantly associated with daily health behavior at the within- but not at the between-person level. Counter to past cross-sectional work, results revealed that individuals showed increased engagement in health behavior on days when they reported a more limited FTP.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of moving beyond the between-person level to consider how FTP fluctuates from day-to-day and relates to health behavior in everyday life. Older adults who view a more limited time horizon may be motivated to increase that future through healthier activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Sleep disturbances in later life are prevalent and can profoundly impact health and well-being. However, whether and how trajectories of sleep disturbances vary as people age by gender and across age cohorts remains unexplored. This study uses an integrated theoretical framework to understand gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances over time and how they vary by cohort.
Methods: Accelerated longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=20,947; M=8,562, F=12,385) was analyzed to investigate gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances and potential cohort variations. Weighted growth curve model was applied with sociodemographic and health-related variables. Men and women were analyzed separately.
Results: Results showed that sleep disturbances increased with age in men, but not in women. Also, younger cohorts of men increased sleep disturbances over time at a slower rate than older cohorts. Among men, health profiles accounted for the association between age and sleep disturbances. Among men and women, younger cohorts started with higher levels of sleep disturbances around midlife. When examining specific types of sleep disturbance separately, having trouble falling asleep was the type that drove the observed patterns in men. For women, there was no association between age and any individual type of sleep disturbance.
Discussion: This study shows that men, rather than women, tend to experience increasing sleep disturbances with age, with some variations across cohorts. These findings imply that different strategies for men and women and targeted timing over the life course would be most effective at promoting sleep health in American men and women.
目的:晚年睡眠障碍是一种普遍现象,会对健康和幸福产生深远影响。然而,随着年龄的增长,不同性别和不同年龄组的人的睡眠障碍轨迹是否会发生变化以及如何变化,这些问题仍未得到研究。本研究采用综合理论框架来了解不同性别的睡眠障碍随时间变化的轨迹,以及不同年龄组群的睡眠障碍轨迹是如何变化的:方法:分析了健康与退休研究(Health and Retirement Study)的加速纵向数据(N=20,947;M=8,562,F=12,385),以研究睡眠障碍的性别特异性轨迹和潜在的队列变化。加权增长曲线模型应用了社会人口学和健康相关变量。男性和女性分别进行了分析:结果显示,男性的睡眠障碍会随着年龄的增长而增加,而女性则不会。此外,与年龄较大的人群相比,年轻男性人群睡眠障碍的增加速度较慢。在男性中,健康状况决定了年龄与睡眠障碍之间的关系。在男性和女性中,年轻组群在中年左右开始出现较高程度的睡眠障碍。在分别研究睡眠障碍的具体类型时,入睡困难是男性睡眠障碍的主要类型。就女性而言,年龄与任何一种睡眠障碍类型之间都没有关联:讨论:这项研究表明,随着年龄的增长,男性而非女性的睡眠障碍会越来越严重,但不同人群之间存在一些差异。这些研究结果表明,针对男性和女性采取不同的策略,并在生命过程中选择有针对性的时间,将能最有效地促进美国男性和女性的睡眠健康。
{"title":"The Night Divide: Gender-Specific Trajectories of Sleep Disturbances Among Multiple Cohorts of Aging Populations.","authors":"Jen-Hao Chen","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep disturbances in later life are prevalent and can profoundly impact health and well-being. However, whether and how trajectories of sleep disturbances vary as people age by gender and across age cohorts remains unexplored. This study uses an integrated theoretical framework to understand gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances over time and how they vary by cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Accelerated longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=20,947; M=8,562, F=12,385) was analyzed to investigate gender-specific trajectories of sleep disturbances and potential cohort variations. Weighted growth curve model was applied with sociodemographic and health-related variables. Men and women were analyzed separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that sleep disturbances increased with age in men, but not in women. Also, younger cohorts of men increased sleep disturbances over time at a slower rate than older cohorts. Among men, health profiles accounted for the association between age and sleep disturbances. Among men and women, younger cohorts started with higher levels of sleep disturbances around midlife. When examining specific types of sleep disturbance separately, having trouble falling asleep was the type that drove the observed patterns in men. For women, there was no association between age and any individual type of sleep disturbance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study shows that men, rather than women, tend to experience increasing sleep disturbances with age, with some variations across cohorts. These findings imply that different strategies for men and women and targeted timing over the life course would be most effective at promoting sleep health in American men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amber Heemskerk, Tian Lin, Didem Pehlivanoglu, Ziad Hakim, Pedro A Valdes Hernandez, Leanne Ten Brinke, Matthew D Grilli, Robert C Wilson, Gary R Turner, R Nathan Spreng, Natalie C Ebner
Objectives: Difficulties with deception detection may leave older adults especially vulnerable to fraud. Interoception, i.e., the awareness of one's bodily signals, has been shown to influence deception detection, but this relationship has not been examined in aging yet. The present study investigated effects of interoceptive accuracy on two forms of deception detection: detecting interpersonal lies in videos and identifying text-based deception in phishing emails.
Method: Younger (18-34 years) and older (53-82 years) adults completed a heartbeat-detection task to determine interoceptive accuracy. Deception detection was assessed across two distinct, ecologically valid tasks: i) a lie detection task in which participants made veracity judgments of genuine and deceptive individuals, and ii) a phishing email detection task to capture online deception detection. Using multilevel logistic regression models, we determined the effect of interoceptive accuracy on lie and phishing detection in younger versus older adults.
Results: In older, but not younger, adults greater interoceptive accuracy was associated with better accuracy in both detecting deceptive people and phishing emails.
Discussion: Interoceptive accuracy was associated with both lie detection and phishing detection accuracy among older adults. Our findings identify interoceptive accuracy as a potential protective factor for fraud susceptibility, as measured through difficulty detecting deception. These results support interoceptive accuracy as a relevant factor for consideration in interventions targeted at fraud prevention among older adults.
{"title":"Interoceptive Accuracy Enhances Deception Detection in Older Adults.","authors":"Amber Heemskerk, Tian Lin, Didem Pehlivanoglu, Ziad Hakim, Pedro A Valdes Hernandez, Leanne Ten Brinke, Matthew D Grilli, Robert C Wilson, Gary R Turner, R Nathan Spreng, Natalie C Ebner","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Difficulties with deception detection may leave older adults especially vulnerable to fraud. Interoception, i.e., the awareness of one's bodily signals, has been shown to influence deception detection, but this relationship has not been examined in aging yet. The present study investigated effects of interoceptive accuracy on two forms of deception detection: detecting interpersonal lies in videos and identifying text-based deception in phishing emails.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Younger (18-34 years) and older (53-82 years) adults completed a heartbeat-detection task to determine interoceptive accuracy. Deception detection was assessed across two distinct, ecologically valid tasks: i) a lie detection task in which participants made veracity judgments of genuine and deceptive individuals, and ii) a phishing email detection task to capture online deception detection. Using multilevel logistic regression models, we determined the effect of interoceptive accuracy on lie and phishing detection in younger versus older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In older, but not younger, adults greater interoceptive accuracy was associated with better accuracy in both detecting deceptive people and phishing emails.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Interoceptive accuracy was associated with both lie detection and phishing detection accuracy among older adults. Our findings identify interoceptive accuracy as a potential protective factor for fraud susceptibility, as measured through difficulty detecting deception. These results support interoceptive accuracy as a relevant factor for consideration in interventions targeted at fraud prevention among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To examine differences in socioeconomic gradients (i.e., education, income, and wealth) in frailty by gender in the US and England.
Methods: We used harmonized data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) in 2016. Frailty status was determined from measured and self-reported signs and symptoms in five domains: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and weakness. Respondents were classified as robust (no signs or symptoms of frailty), pre-frail (signs or symptoms in 1-2 domains), or frail (signs or symptoms in 3 or more domains). Gender-stratified multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between educational attainment, household income, and household wealth with the risk of frailty and pre-frailty, with and without covariates. We also calculated the slope index of inequalities on the predicted probabilities of frailty by income and wealth quintiles.
Results: We found socioeconomic gradients in pre-frailty and frailty by education, income, and wealth. Furthermore, the educational gradient in frailty was significantly steeper for US women compared to English women, and the income gradient was steeper for US men and women compared to English men and women. The between-country differences were not accounted for by adjusting for race/ethnicity and behavioral factors.
Discussion: Socioeconomic gradients in pre-frailty and frailty differ by country setting and gender, suggesting contextual factors such as cultural norms, healthcare access and quality, and economic policy may contribute to the effect of different measures of socioeconomic status on pre-frailty and frailty risk.
{"title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in frailty distribution: A cross-national comparison of the United States and England.","authors":"Rachel Z Wilkie, Jennifer A Ailshire","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine differences in socioeconomic gradients (i.e., education, income, and wealth) in frailty by gender in the US and England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used harmonized data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) in 2016. Frailty status was determined from measured and self-reported signs and symptoms in five domains: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and weakness. Respondents were classified as robust (no signs or symptoms of frailty), pre-frail (signs or symptoms in 1-2 domains), or frail (signs or symptoms in 3 or more domains). Gender-stratified multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between educational attainment, household income, and household wealth with the risk of frailty and pre-frailty, with and without covariates. We also calculated the slope index of inequalities on the predicted probabilities of frailty by income and wealth quintiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found socioeconomic gradients in pre-frailty and frailty by education, income, and wealth. Furthermore, the educational gradient in frailty was significantly steeper for US women compared to English women, and the income gradient was steeper for US men and women compared to English men and women. The between-country differences were not accounted for by adjusting for race/ethnicity and behavioral factors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Socioeconomic gradients in pre-frailty and frailty differ by country setting and gender, suggesting contextual factors such as cultural norms, healthcare access and quality, and economic policy may contribute to the effect of different measures of socioeconomic status on pre-frailty and frailty risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenza Bennis, Francis Eustache, Fabienne Collette, Gilles Vandewalle, Thomas Hinault
Objectives: Healthy age-related cognitive changes are highly heterogeneous across individuals. This variability is increasingly explained through the lens of spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity, now considered as powerful index of age-related changes. However, brain activity is a biological process modulated by circadian rhythms, and how these fluctuations evolve throughout the day is under investigated.
Methods: We analyzed data from one hundred and one healthy late middle-aged participants from the Cognitive Fitness in Aging study (68 women and 33 men; aged 50-69 years). Participants completed five EEG recordings of spontaneous resting-state activity on the same day. We used weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) analyses as an index of the functional synchrony between brain regions couplings and we computed daily global PLI fluctuation rates of the five recordings to assess the association with cognitive performance and β-amyloid and tau/neuroinflammation pathological markers.
Results: We found that theta and gamma daily fluctuations in the salience-control executive inter-network (SN-CEN) are associated with distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive heterogeneity in aging. Higher levels of SN-CEN theta daily fluctuations appear to be deleterious for memory performance and were associated with higher tau/neuroinflammation rates. In contrast, higher levels of gamma daily fluctuations are positively associated with executive performance, and were associated with lower rate of β-amyloid deposition.
Discussion: Thus, accounting for daily EEG fluctuations of brain activity contributes to better understand subtle brain changes underlying individuals' cognitive performance in healthy aging. Results also provide arguments for considering time-of-day when assessing cognition for old adults in a clinical context.
{"title":"Daily dynamics of resting-state EEG theta and gamma fluctuations are associated with cognitive performance in healthy aging.","authors":"Kenza Bennis, Francis Eustache, Fabienne Collette, Gilles Vandewalle, Thomas Hinault","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Healthy age-related cognitive changes are highly heterogeneous across individuals. This variability is increasingly explained through the lens of spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity, now considered as powerful index of age-related changes. However, brain activity is a biological process modulated by circadian rhythms, and how these fluctuations evolve throughout the day is under investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from one hundred and one healthy late middle-aged participants from the Cognitive Fitness in Aging study (68 women and 33 men; aged 50-69 years). Participants completed five EEG recordings of spontaneous resting-state activity on the same day. We used weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) analyses as an index of the functional synchrony between brain regions couplings and we computed daily global PLI fluctuation rates of the five recordings to assess the association with cognitive performance and β-amyloid and tau/neuroinflammation pathological markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that theta and gamma daily fluctuations in the salience-control executive inter-network (SN-CEN) are associated with distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive heterogeneity in aging. Higher levels of SN-CEN theta daily fluctuations appear to be deleterious for memory performance and were associated with higher tau/neuroinflammation rates. In contrast, higher levels of gamma daily fluctuations are positively associated with executive performance, and were associated with lower rate of β-amyloid deposition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Thus, accounting for daily EEG fluctuations of brain activity contributes to better understand subtle brain changes underlying individuals' cognitive performance in healthy aging. Results also provide arguments for considering time-of-day when assessing cognition for old adults in a clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cindy W Leung, Noura E Insolera, Julia A Wolfson, Claire T McEvoy, Lindsay H Ryan, Esther M Friedman, Kenneth M Langa, Steven G Heeringa, Wei Hao
Objective: Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, prospective studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk. Using longitudinal and nationally representative data, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among older adults.
Methods: Data came from 3,232 adults (≥65 years) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Food insecurity was assessed biennially using the US Household Food Security Survey Module from 2015-2019. Probable dementia risk was assessed biennially using the Eight Item Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) from 2017-2021. Inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models were used to account for the time-varying nature of food insecurity and sociodemographic and health confounders.
Results: After accounting for baseline and time-varying sociodemographic and health covariates, there was a two-fold higher association between food insecurity and probable dementia risk (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.12, 3.98). Results were robust to expanding the exposure to include marginal food security, and the outcome to include informant-reported memory loss. Furthermore, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the association of food insecurity and probable dementia risk by sex, race and ethnicity, or participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program.
Discussion: Food insecurity is a modifiable social determinant of health. Interventions and policies are needed to reduce food insecurity and promote healthy aging for older adults.
目的:越来越多的研究表明,粮食不安全与认知功能下降有关;然而,还需要开展前瞻性研究来考察粮食不安全与痴呆症风险。我们利用具有全国代表性的纵向数据,研究了食物不安全对老年人痴呆症风险的影响:数据来自《收入动态面板研究》(Panel Study of Income Dynamics)的 3,232 名成年人(≥65 岁)。2015-2019年期间,每两年使用美国家庭食品安全调查模块评估一次食品不安全状况。2017-2021年期间,每两年使用 "区分衰老和痴呆的八项访谈"(AD8)对可能的痴呆风险进行一次评估。采用反概率加权和边际结构模型来解释食物不安全的时变性以及社会人口和健康混杂因素:结果:在考虑了基线和时变的社会人口和健康协变量后,粮食不安全与可能的痴呆症风险之间的相关性增加了两倍(OR 2.11,95% CI 1.12,3.98)。将风险暴露扩大到包括边际粮食安全,以及将结果扩大到包括线人报告的记忆丧失,结果都是稳健的。此外,没有证据表明食物不安全与可能的痴呆症风险之间存在性别、种族、民族或参与补充营养援助计划的异质性:讨论:粮食不安全是一个可改变的健康社会决定因素。需要采取干预措施和政策来减少粮食不安全状况,促进老年人的健康老龄化。
{"title":"Food insecurity and dementia risk in US older adults: Evidence from the 2013-2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.","authors":"Cindy W Leung, Noura E Insolera, Julia A Wolfson, Claire T McEvoy, Lindsay H Ryan, Esther M Friedman, Kenneth M Langa, Steven G Heeringa, Wei Hao","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae153","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, prospective studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk. Using longitudinal and nationally representative data, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from 3,232 adults (≥65 years) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Food insecurity was assessed biennially using the US Household Food Security Survey Module from 2015-2019. Probable dementia risk was assessed biennially using the Eight Item Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) from 2017-2021. Inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models were used to account for the time-varying nature of food insecurity and sociodemographic and health confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After accounting for baseline and time-varying sociodemographic and health covariates, there was a two-fold higher association between food insecurity and probable dementia risk (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.12, 3.98). Results were robust to expanding the exposure to include marginal food security, and the outcome to include informant-reported memory loss. Furthermore, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the association of food insecurity and probable dementia risk by sex, race and ethnicity, or participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Food insecurity is a modifiable social determinant of health. Interventions and policies are needed to reduce food insecurity and promote healthy aging for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyang Zhang, Zexi Zhou, Karen L Fingerman, Kira S Birditt
Objectives: Social contact may alleviate loneliness, but little is known about within-person daily fluctuations in loneliness and social encounters. Older adults who feel lonely may engage in different modes of social contact (in-person, phone, digital). This study asked how different forms of contact are associated with loneliness throughout the day.
Methods: Participants were 313 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65-90). They completed ecological momentary assessments reporting on their social encounters (e.g., type of social partner, mode of contact) and their loneliness every 3 hr for 5-6 days. We differentiated close social ties from ties not identified as close (i.e., weak ties).
Results: We examined within-person effects using multilevel models. Findings revealed that momentary loneliness predicted a greater likelihood of phone contact in the next 3 hr. However, only in-person contact was associated with lower levels of loneliness. Regarding close and weak ties, momentary loneliness was associated with more in-person and phone contact with close ties, yet fewer in-person contacts with weak ties. In-person contact with both close and weak ties predicted lower levels of loneliness.
Discussion: Although older adults engage in both in-person and phone contact when they feel lonely, it appears that only in-person contact may reduce loneliness. Digital contact was not widely adopted as a response to momentary loneliness among these older adults. Findings underscore older adults' willingness to maintain regular contact with close ties. Interventions addressing older adults who are lonely may consider innovative approaches to increase in-person contact.
{"title":"Loneliness and Mode of Social Contact in Late Life.","authors":"Shiyang Zhang, Zexi Zhou, Karen L Fingerman, Kira S Birditt","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Social contact may alleviate loneliness, but little is known about within-person daily fluctuations in loneliness and social encounters. Older adults who feel lonely may engage in different modes of social contact (in-person, phone, digital). This study asked how different forms of contact are associated with loneliness throughout the day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 313 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65-90). They completed ecological momentary assessments reporting on their social encounters (e.g., type of social partner, mode of contact) and their loneliness every 3 hr for 5-6 days. We differentiated close social ties from ties not identified as close (i.e., weak ties).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We examined within-person effects using multilevel models. Findings revealed that momentary loneliness predicted a greater likelihood of phone contact in the next 3 hr. However, only in-person contact was associated with lower levels of loneliness. Regarding close and weak ties, momentary loneliness was associated with more in-person and phone contact with close ties, yet fewer in-person contacts with weak ties. In-person contact with both close and weak ties predicted lower levels of loneliness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although older adults engage in both in-person and phone contact when they feel lonely, it appears that only in-person contact may reduce loneliness. Digital contact was not widely adopted as a response to momentary loneliness among these older adults. Findings underscore older adults' willingness to maintain regular contact with close ties. Interventions addressing older adults who are lonely may consider innovative approaches to increase in-person contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee Smith, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Nicola Veronese, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Masoud Rahmati, Yvonne Barnett, Helen Keyes, Poppy Gibson, Laurie Butler, Jae Il Shin, Ai Koyanagi
Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a unique indicator of underlying distress that may be strongly associated with suicide risk. Despite this, to date, no study has examined the association between MCI and suicidal ideation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between MCI and suicidal ideation among adults aged ≥65 years from 6 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs; China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa).
Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Self-reported information on past 12-month suicidal ideation was collected. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to assess associations.
Results: Data on 13,623 individuals aged ≥65 years were analyzed. The prevalence of suicidal ideation ranged from 0.5% in China to 6.0% in India, whereas the range of the prevalence of MCI was 9.7% (Ghana) to 26.4% (China). After adjustment for potential confounders, MCI was significantly associated with 1.66 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.12-2.46) times higher odds for suicidal ideation.
Discussion: Mild cognitive impairment was significantly associated with higher odds for suicidal ideation among older adults in LMICs. Future longitudinal studies from LMICs are necessary to assess whether MCI is a risk factor for suicidal ideation.
{"title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment and Suicidal Ideation Among Adults Aged 65 Years or Older From Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Lee Smith, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Nicola Veronese, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Masoud Rahmati, Yvonne Barnett, Helen Keyes, Poppy Gibson, Laurie Butler, Jae Il Shin, Ai Koyanagi","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae129","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a unique indicator of underlying distress that may be strongly associated with suicide risk. Despite this, to date, no study has examined the association between MCI and suicidal ideation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between MCI and suicidal ideation among adults aged ≥65 years from 6 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs; China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Self-reported information on past 12-month suicidal ideation was collected. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on 13,623 individuals aged ≥65 years were analyzed. The prevalence of suicidal ideation ranged from 0.5% in China to 6.0% in India, whereas the range of the prevalence of MCI was 9.7% (Ghana) to 26.4% (China). After adjustment for potential confounders, MCI was significantly associated with 1.66 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.12-2.46) times higher odds for suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment was significantly associated with higher odds for suicidal ideation among older adults in LMICs. Future longitudinal studies from LMICs are necessary to assess whether MCI is a risk factor for suicidal ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}