Pub Date : 2020-11-01Epub Date: 2020-05-28DOI: 10.1037/lat0000162
Esther J Calzada, Kathleen M Roche, Rebecca M B White, Roushanac Partovi, Todd D Little
In recent years, the federal administration has ramped up efforts to curb and enforce immigration laws, in essence redefining how immigration, particularly in the Latinx population, is viewed and dealt with in the United States. The aim of the present study was to examine Latinx family strengths in relation to youth externalizing behavior, considering the modifying impacts of the current anti-immigration environment. Data were drawn from a study of 547 mother-adolescent dyads. Adolescents were 12.80 years old (SD = 1.03) on average and 55% female; 88% were U.S. born. Adolescents completed measures of family strengths, including parental behavioral control, parental support, and respeto. They also reported on their own externalizing behavior. Mothers completed a measure of their affective and behavioral responses to immigration actions and news. Results showed that in families of mothers who reported adverse responses to the immigration context, parental behavioral control, parental support (boys only), and respeto were more strongly related to youth behavior. Results align with the family compensatory effects model, in which strengths at the family level help to offset adversities outside the home. Discussion focuses on ways to support families in establishing and maintaining high levels of protective processes and on the need to challenge anti-immigration rhetoric, practices, and policies that undermine healthy youth development in the Latinx population.
{"title":"Family Strengths and Latinx Youth Externalizing Behavior: Modifying Impacts of an Adverse Immigration Environment.","authors":"Esther J Calzada, Kathleen M Roche, Rebecca M B White, Roushanac Partovi, Todd D Little","doi":"10.1037/lat0000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the federal administration has ramped up efforts to curb and enforce immigration laws, in essence redefining how immigration, particularly in the Latinx population, is viewed and dealt with in the United States. The aim of the present study was to examine Latinx family strengths in relation to youth externalizing behavior, considering the modifying impacts of the current anti-immigration environment. Data were drawn from a study of 547 mother-adolescent dyads. Adolescents were 12.80 years old (<i>SD</i> = 1.03) on average and 55% female; 88% were U.S. born. Adolescents completed measures of family strengths, including parental behavioral control, parental support, and <i>respeto</i>. They also reported on their own externalizing behavior. Mothers completed a measure of their affective and behavioral responses to immigration actions and news. Results showed that in families of mothers who reported adverse responses to the immigration context, parental behavioral control, parental support (boys only), and <i>respeto</i> were more strongly related to youth behavior. Results align with the family compensatory effects model, in which strengths at the family level help to offset adversities outside the home. Discussion focuses on ways to support families in establishing and maintaining high levels of protective processes and on the need to challenge anti-immigration rhetoric, practices, and policies that undermine healthy youth development in the Latinx population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":"8 4","pages":"332-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8159179/pdf/nihms-1697582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39035843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Latinx women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to Latinx men. Latinx women are also subjected to heightened stress in the form of ethnic and sexist discrimination. Limited research has sought to explore variables that may have explanatory roles between discrimination and mental health outcomes among women of color. The current study tested whether anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression uniquely link discrimination and depression for Latinx women. This crosssectional study included 246 Latinx women primarily of Mexican descent (n = 173) recruited from community events and Mechanical Turk. On average, participants were 36.29 years old (SD = 12.61, range = 18–72). Participants completed several self-report measures on ethnic discrimination (Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire), sexism (Schedule of Sexist Events), anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3), expressive suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire— Suppression), and depression (Brief Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression). Using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013), two parallel mediation analyses examined whether discrimination had an indirect effect via anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression on depression. Anxiety sensitivity (indirect effect = .65, SE = .24, 95% CI [.21, 1.15]) and expressive suppression (indirect effect = .25, SE = .13, 95% CI [.07, .56]) uniquely linked ethnic discrimination and depression. Anxiety sensitivity (indirect effect = .66, SE = .21, 95% CI [.29, 1.13]) uniquely linked sexist discrimination and depression symptoms, while expressive suppression did not (indirect effect = .13, SE = .10, 95% CI [−.001, .40]). Anxiety sensitivity linked both ethnic and sexist discrimination with depression; however, expressive suppression only linked ethnic discrimination and depression. Evidence suggests that there are different links to depression depending on the type of discrimination for Latinx women.
{"title":"Ethnic discrimination, sexism, and depression among Latinx women: The roles of anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression.","authors":"Felicia Mata-Greve, Lucas Torres","doi":"10.1037/lat0000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000154","url":null,"abstract":"Latinx women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to Latinx men. Latinx women are also subjected to heightened stress in the form of ethnic and sexist discrimination. Limited research has sought to explore variables that may have explanatory roles between discrimination and mental health outcomes among women of color. The current study tested whether anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression uniquely link discrimination and depression for Latinx women. This crosssectional study included 246 Latinx women primarily of Mexican descent (n = 173) recruited from community events and Mechanical Turk. On average, participants were 36.29 years old (SD = 12.61, range = 18–72). Participants completed several self-report measures on ethnic discrimination (Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire), sexism (Schedule of Sexist Events), anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3), expressive suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire— Suppression), and depression (Brief Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression). Using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013), two parallel mediation analyses examined whether discrimination had an indirect effect via anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression on depression. Anxiety sensitivity (indirect effect = .65, SE = .24, 95% CI [.21, 1.15]) and expressive suppression (indirect effect = .25, SE = .13, 95% CI [.07, .56]) uniquely linked ethnic discrimination and depression. Anxiety sensitivity (indirect effect = .66, SE = .21, 95% CI [.29, 1.13]) uniquely linked sexist discrimination and depression symptoms, while expressive suppression did not (indirect effect = .13, SE = .10, 95% CI [−.001, .40]). Anxiety sensitivity linked both ethnic and sexist discrimination with depression; however, expressive suppression only linked ethnic discrimination and depression. Evidence suggests that there are different links to depression depending on the type of discrimination for Latinx women.","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48911537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur R Andrews, James K Haws, Laura M Acosta, M Natalia Acosta Canchila, Gustavo Carlo, Kathleen M Grant, Athena K Ramos
Migrant farmwork is often characterized by harsh working conditions that carry significant physical and mental health consequences. Using a learned helplessness framework, the current study examined the extent to which discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences moderated the effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety. The study also examined the extent to which harsh working conditions mediated the effects of discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences on depression and anxiety. Participants were 241 migrant farmworkers recruited in the Midwest. Participants completed interviews consisting of the Migrant Farmworker Stress Index (MFWSI), Adverse Childhood Events scale (ACEs), Everyday Discrimination Scale, the Centers for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and the seven item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Tests of indirect effects suggested, working conditions mediated the effects of ACEs, immigration legal status fears, and discrimination on CES-D and GAD-7 scores (p-values < .05). Higher ACEs and discrimination also appeared to be associated with larger effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety (p-values < .05), while legal status fears did not significantly moderate the effect of harsh working conditions on either outcome (p-values > .05). Likely through different mechanisms, adverse childhood experiences, discrimination and immigration legal status are associated with higher risk of harsh working conditions and subsequently these conditions account for much of the relations between these three stressors with depression and anxiety. Additionally, discrimination and adverse childhood experiences appear to then enhance the effects of working conditions.
{"title":"Combinatorial Effects of Discrimination, Legal Status Fears, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Harsh Working Conditions among Latino Migrant Farmworkers: Testing Learned Helplessness Hypotheses.","authors":"Arthur R Andrews, James K Haws, Laura M Acosta, M Natalia Acosta Canchila, Gustavo Carlo, Kathleen M Grant, Athena K Ramos","doi":"10.1037/lat0000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migrant farmwork is often characterized by harsh working conditions that carry significant physical and mental health consequences. Using a learned helplessness framework, the current study examined the extent to which discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences moderated the effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety. The study also examined the extent to which harsh working conditions mediated the effects of discrimination, immigration legal status difficulties, and adverse childhood experiences on depression and anxiety. Participants were 241 migrant farmworkers recruited in the Midwest. Participants completed interviews consisting of the Migrant Farmworker Stress Index (MFWSI), Adverse Childhood Events scale (ACEs), Everyday Discrimination Scale, the Centers for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and the seven item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Tests of indirect effects suggested, working conditions mediated the effects of ACEs, immigration legal status fears, and discrimination on CES-D and GAD-7 scores (<i>p</i>-values < .05). Higher ACEs and discrimination also appeared to be associated with larger effects of harsh working conditions on depression and anxiety (<i>p</i>-values < .05), while legal status fears did not significantly moderate the effect of harsh working conditions on either outcome (<i>p</i>-values > .05). Likely through different mechanisms, adverse childhood experiences, discrimination and immigration legal status are associated with higher risk of harsh working conditions and subsequently these conditions account for much of the relations between these three stressors with depression and anxiety. Additionally, discrimination and adverse childhood experiences appear to then enhance the effects of working conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":"8 3","pages":"179-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837582/pdf/nihms-1048303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10766062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Explaining the Alcohol Immigrant Paradox: Perspectives From Mexican American Adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lat0000176.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000176.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47372662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are about 4.4 million undocumented children and young adults under the age of 30 living in the United States, the largest group being Mexican nationals. The differences in legal status found in mixed-status sibling relationships (i.e., a United States-citizen and an undocumented sibling) can be an additional stressor or potentially a protective factor that can buffer the challenges of being undocumented. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of nine undocumented students who have at least one United States-citizen sibling. A semistructured interview protocol was used to explore how immigration status affected the relationship of mixed-status siblings and family dynamics from the perspective of the undocumented sibling. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified: “It has brought us closer”: mixed feelings in the parent-child relationship; “Don’t take it for granted”: gratitude and frustration in the sibling relationship; and “Now, I am proud”: the trajectory of the undocumented sibling’s relationship to self. Undocumented participants punctuated the trajectory of their sibling relationship and family dynamics with experiences of conflict and bonding. They expressed feelings of resentment, jealousy, gratitude, and closeness toward their siblings and family members. They spoke about their trajectory toward developing an empowered sense of identity that they believed set them apart from their United States-citizen siblings. The findings underscore how immigration policies have the potential of shaping the relationships within the family, between siblings, and with oneself. Moreover, findings have implications for clinicians working with mixed-status siblings and their families, as well as for informing public policies.
{"title":"Mexican/Mexican-American siblings: The impact of undocumented status on the family, the sibling relationship, and the self.","authors":"A. Morales, A. Consoli","doi":"10.1037/LAT0000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/LAT0000133","url":null,"abstract":"There are about 4.4 million undocumented children and young adults under the age of 30 living in the United States, the largest group being Mexican nationals. The differences in legal status found in mixed-status sibling relationships (i.e., a United States-citizen and an undocumented sibling) can be an additional stressor or potentially a protective factor that can buffer the challenges of being undocumented. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of nine undocumented students who have at least one United States-citizen sibling. A semistructured interview protocol was used to explore how immigration status affected the relationship of mixed-status siblings and family dynamics from the perspective of the undocumented sibling. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified: “It has brought us closer”: mixed feelings in the parent-child relationship; “Don’t take it for granted”: gratitude and frustration in the sibling relationship; and “Now, I am proud”: the trajectory of the undocumented sibling’s relationship to self. Undocumented participants punctuated the trajectory of their sibling relationship and family dynamics with experiences of conflict and bonding. They expressed feelings of resentment, jealousy, gratitude, and closeness toward their siblings and family members. They spoke about their trajectory toward developing an empowered sense of identity that they believed set them apart from their United States-citizen siblings. The findings underscore how immigration policies have the potential of shaping the relationships within the family, between siblings, and with oneself. Moreover, findings have implications for clinicians working with mixed-status siblings and their families, as well as for informing public policies.","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical guidelines of the National Latinx Psychological Association.","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lat0000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47613397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the ability of cognitive schemas of culturally based skills, or Latinx intercultural competence (LIC), and acculturation to influence later acculturative stress and depression symptom severity. Latinx adults (final n 98), recruited from national e-mail listings and organizations with a predominant Latinx cultural base, completed online self-report measures of Latinx and Anglo acculturation, acculturative stress, LIC, and depression symptom severity at baseline (T1) and 6-month follow-up (T2). Path analysis indicated that T1 LIC was significantly related to greater T1 Latinx and T1 Anglo acculturation, and that T1 LIC was significantly, indirectly related to lower T2 acculturative stress through greater T1 Latinx acculturation. Greater T1 Latinx acculturation, but not T1 Anglo acculturation, was significantly, indirectly related to lower T2 depression through lower T2 acculturative stress. For Latinx adults, LIC may guide the expression of culturally sanctioned behavior through greater Latinx and Anglo acculturation. Heritage-culture acculturation may be crucial in protecting against later acculturative stress and depression. Findings are discussed in the context of the person-environment fit for effective intercultural exchange, and the potential importance of strengthening ties to cultural heritage in promoting Latinx mental health.
{"title":"The protective roles of Latinx intercultural competence and acculturation on acculturative stress and depression: A brief longitudinal study.","authors":"Mark W. Driscoll, Lucas Torres","doi":"10.1037/lat0000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000138","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the ability of cognitive schemas of culturally based skills, or Latinx intercultural competence (LIC), and acculturation to influence later acculturative stress and depression symptom severity. Latinx adults (final n 98), recruited from national e-mail listings and organizations with a predominant Latinx cultural base, completed online self-report measures of Latinx and Anglo acculturation, acculturative stress, LIC, and depression symptom severity at baseline (T1) and 6-month follow-up (T2). Path analysis indicated that T1 LIC was significantly related to greater T1 Latinx and T1 Anglo acculturation, and that T1 LIC was significantly, indirectly related to lower T2 acculturative stress through greater T1 Latinx acculturation. Greater T1 Latinx acculturation, but not T1 Anglo acculturation, was significantly, indirectly related to lower T2 depression through lower T2 acculturative stress. For Latinx adults, LIC may guide the expression of culturally sanctioned behavior through greater Latinx and Anglo acculturation. Heritage-culture acculturation may be crucial in protecting against later acculturative stress and depression. Findings are discussed in the context of the person-environment fit for effective intercultural exchange, and the potential importance of strengthening ties to cultural heritage in promoting Latinx mental health.","PeriodicalId":56151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Latinx Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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