Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.2.2303
P. Häuselmann, Lukas Plan, P. Pointner, M. Fiebig
Karstic caves are created by water eroding and corroding rocks that can be dissolved. Since both the spring areas of caves (normally at the valley bottom) as well as the recharge is controlled by superficial processes, the morphology of the cave bears strong links to these influences. Lowering of local base levels promotes the development of horizontal phreatic cave passages at progressively lower elevations, resulting in the formation of multi-level karst systems. Upon the next lowering of base level, these upper systems become fossilized, and sediment trapped within them may remain preserved for millions of years. Dating these sediments gives clues regarding the time when the passages were last active, and thus may yield age information for old valley floors. The present paper presents cosmogenic nuclide datings of twelve samples from eight caves in the central part of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. Besides three samples that gave no results, most of the obtained ages are at the Mio-Pliocene boundary or within the Pliocene, as was expected before sampling. No multi-level caves could be sampled at different elevations, thus, the obtained valley deepening rates are averages between the age of sediment deposition and the present-day valley floor. However, the valley deepening rates of 0.12 to 0.21 km/Ma are in accordance to previous findings and corroborate a comparatively slow evolution of base level lowering in the Eastern Alps compared to the fast (Late Quaternary) evolution in the Central and Western Alps.
{"title":"Cosmogenic nuclide dating of cave sediments in the Eastern Alps and implications for erosion rates","authors":"P. Häuselmann, Lukas Plan, P. Pointner, M. Fiebig","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.2.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.2.2303","url":null,"abstract":"Karstic caves are created by water eroding and corroding rocks that can be dissolved. Since both the spring areas of caves (normally at the valley bottom) as well as the recharge is controlled by superficial processes, the morphology of the cave bears strong links to these influences. Lowering of local base levels promotes the development of horizontal phreatic cave passages at progressively lower elevations, resulting in the formation of multi-level karst systems. Upon the next lowering of base level, these upper systems become fossilized, and sediment trapped within them may remain preserved for millions of years. Dating these sediments gives clues regarding the time when the passages were last active, and thus may yield age information for old valley floors. The present paper presents cosmogenic nuclide datings of twelve samples from eight caves in the central part of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. Besides three samples that gave no results, most of the obtained ages are at the Mio-Pliocene boundary or within the Pliocene, as was expected before sampling. No multi-level caves could be sampled at different elevations, thus, the obtained valley deepening rates are averages between the age of sediment deposition and the present-day valley floor. However, the valley deepening rates of 0.12 to 0.21 km/Ma are in accordance to previous findings and corroborate a comparatively slow evolution of base level lowering in the Eastern Alps compared to the fast (Late Quaternary) evolution in the Central and Western Alps.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42849315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.3.2344
R. López‐Martínez, F. Gázquez, J. Calaforra, P. Audra, J. Bigot, T. Puig, R. Alcántara-Hernández, Ángel Navarro, P. Crochet, Liliana Corona Martínez, Raquel Daza Brunet
*ralopezm@geologia.unam.mx Citation:
* ralopezm@geologia.unam.mx引用:
{"title":"Bubble trail and folia in cenote Zapote, Mexico: petrographic evidence for abiotic precipitation driven by CO2 degassing below the water table","authors":"R. López‐Martínez, F. Gázquez, J. Calaforra, P. Audra, J. Bigot, T. Puig, R. Alcántara-Hernández, Ángel Navarro, P. Crochet, Liliana Corona Martínez, Raquel Daza Brunet","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.3.2344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.3.2344","url":null,"abstract":"*ralopezm@geologia.unam.mx Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"49 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2280
M. Wisshak, H. Barton, Katey Bender, H. Duchene, Lake City Co Usa PO Box
{"title":"Active growth of non-hydrothermal subaqueous and subaerial barite (BaSO4) speleothems in Lechuguilla Cave (New Mexico, USA)","authors":"M. Wisshak, H. Barton, Katey Bender, H. Duchene, Lake City Co Usa PO Box","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"49 1","pages":"11-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70463788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2285
M. Kašing, J. Lenart
*martin.kasing@vsb.cz Citation:
* martin.kasing@vsb.cz引用:
{"title":"Cave airflow mechanism of a crevice-type cave: A case study from Czechia","authors":"M. Kašing, J. Lenart","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2285","url":null,"abstract":"*martin.kasing@vsb.cz Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"49 1","pages":"55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70463834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2297
J. Mulec, S. Simčič, T. Kotar, R. Kofol, S. Stopinšek
: There have been increasing reports on the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum in some European countries. The study investigated the presence of Histoplasma in bat guanos, speleologists with records of visiting Histoplasma -endemic regions and patients with histoplasmosis. A commercial ALPHA Histoplasma Antigen enzyme immunoassay was tested as an alternative methodology to detect Histoplasma in environment and compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The presence of Histoplasma antigen in bat guanos was not confirmed by PCR. Among 14 healthy speleologists, two were indicated as having the Histoplasma antigen in urine, but expressed negative PCR-specific results for the Histoplasma antigen. Five unequivocal cases of imported acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in Slovenia between years 2005 and 2016 were confirmed in patients returning from North and South America after visiting hazardous localities e.g., caves with guano, and places with dust. Currently there is no evidence of autochthonous histoplasmosis in Slovenia, or that bat guano is a source of H. capsulatum . Involvement of histoplasmosis in travellers’ and cavers’ morbidity might be underestimated in non-endemic areas. It is crucial to ensure the use of appropriate protective equipment in Histoplasma hazardous localities, to spread information about this hazardous microbe to vulnerable populations and to monitor the health of the environment. A differential diagnosis for a febrile respiratory disease outbreak in patients returning from endemic regions should trigger routine consideration of possible histoplasmosis.
{"title":"Survey of Histoplasma capsulatum in bat guano and status of histoplasmosis in Slovenia, Central Europe","authors":"J. Mulec, S. Simčič, T. Kotar, R. Kofol, S. Stopinšek","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2297","url":null,"abstract":": There have been increasing reports on the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum in some European countries. The study investigated the presence of Histoplasma in bat guanos, speleologists with records of visiting Histoplasma -endemic regions and patients with histoplasmosis. A commercial ALPHA Histoplasma Antigen enzyme immunoassay was tested as an alternative methodology to detect Histoplasma in environment and compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The presence of Histoplasma antigen in bat guanos was not confirmed by PCR. Among 14 healthy speleologists, two were indicated as having the Histoplasma antigen in urine, but expressed negative PCR-specific results for the Histoplasma antigen. Five unequivocal cases of imported acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in Slovenia between years 2005 and 2016 were confirmed in patients returning from North and South America after visiting hazardous localities e.g., caves with guano, and places with dust. Currently there is no evidence of autochthonous histoplasmosis in Slovenia, or that bat guano is a source of H. capsulatum . Involvement of histoplasmosis in travellers’ and cavers’ morbidity might be underestimated in non-endemic areas. It is crucial to ensure the use of appropriate protective equipment in Histoplasma hazardous localities, to spread information about this hazardous microbe to vulnerable populations and to monitor the health of the environment. A differential diagnosis for a febrile respiratory disease outbreak in patients returning from endemic regions should trigger routine consideration of possible histoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48590862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2292
Gregory S. Springer, A. Hall
*springeg@ohio.edu Citation:
* springeg@ohio.edu引用:
{"title":"Uncertainties associated with the use of erosional cave scallop lengths to calculate stream discharges","authors":"Gregory S. Springer, A. Hall","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2292","url":null,"abstract":"*springeg@ohio.edu Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"49 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2301
F. Howarth, F. Stone
*fghcavebug@gmail.com Citation:
* fghcavebug@gmail.com引用:
{"title":"Impacts of invasive rats on Hawaiian cave resources","authors":"F. Howarth, F. Stone","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.1.2301","url":null,"abstract":"*fghcavebug@gmail.com Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"49 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2223
S. Galdenzi
*galdenzi.sandro@tiscali.it Citation:
* galdenzi.sandro@tiscali.it引用:
{"title":"Barite replacement boxwork in the Frasassi caves (Italy)","authors":"S. Galdenzi","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2223","url":null,"abstract":"*galdenzi.sandro@tiscali.it Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43148122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2271
I. K. Georgiadis, K. Chatzopoulou, N. Kantiranis, Ioakeim Ioakeimidis, A. Tsirambides
*ananias@geo.auth.gr Citation:
* ananias@geo.auth.gr引用:
{"title":"Petrography and provenance of floor sediments from the Loutra Almopias Cave (Pella, Macedonia, Greece)","authors":"I. K. Georgiadis, K. Chatzopoulou, N. Kantiranis, Ioakeim Ioakeimidis, A. Tsirambides","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.48.3.2271","url":null,"abstract":"*ananias@geo.auth.gr Citation:","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44809836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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