Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is increasing. The present study focuses on the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for biodiversity measure of wild mushroom species of the Northwest mountainous region of Greece. Data mining of similarity matrices from RAPD analysis was used to extract measurable entropy parameters for mushroom biodiversity monitoring based on Shannon’s information entropy. Shannon information index provides an easy assessment of the entropy of the genetic information of the germplasm per mushroom species while the total equitability index (E H ) = 0.871 offers an overall estimation of the genetic variation evenness of all species in the population of the studied mushrooms. Application of RAPDs with parallel entropy analysis is an easily applicable and low-cost valuable technology in environmental monitoring, using genetic information of wild mushroom species as an indicator that can lead to future actions in biodiversity maintenance and germplasm protection. The provided methodology can serve as a pilot procedure enriched with other environmental factors to monitor and protect wild mushroom communities native to the Greek countryside or in any part of the world and provide comparable results about biodiversity from different regions using common entropy indices.
{"title":"RAPD Markers and Genetic Information Entropy in Environmental Monitoring: A Case Study with Wild Mushrooms","authors":"C. Psallida, Dimitrios Argyropoulos","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.119003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.119003","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms have a remarkable scientific value due to their nutritional, medicinal properties and industrial applications in enzyme production, so that effort in the maintenance of native wild mushroom varieties is increasing. The present study focuses on the use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for biodiversity measure of wild mushroom species of the Northwest mountainous region of Greece. Data mining of similarity matrices from RAPD analysis was used to extract measurable entropy parameters for mushroom biodiversity monitoring based on Shannon’s information entropy. Shannon information index provides an easy assessment of the entropy of the genetic information of the germplasm per mushroom species while the total equitability index (E H ) = 0.871 offers an overall estimation of the genetic variation evenness of all species in the population of the studied mushrooms. Application of RAPDs with parallel entropy analysis is an easily applicable and low-cost valuable technology in environmental monitoring, using genetic information of wild mushroom species as an indicator that can lead to future actions in biodiversity maintenance and germplasm protection. The provided methodology can serve as a pilot procedure enriched with other environmental factors to monitor and protect wild mushroom communities native to the Greek countryside or in any part of the world and provide comparable results about biodiversity from different regions using common entropy indices.","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70610626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to 2-Methylnaphthalene, Phenanthrene and Didodecylphthalate via Consumption of Shrimps (<i>Macrobrachium vollenhovenii</i>) from Qua Iboe River Estuary, South-South Nigeria","authors":"I. Oyo-Ita, B. B. Asuquo, E. Oyo-ita, O. Oyo-ita","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.116009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.116009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70605924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water Resources and Water Services Infrastructure and Its Vulnerability to Extreme Events—The Case of Jordan","authors":"E. Salameh","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.112003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.112003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Research of Carbon Emission Intensity and Measurement in Shandong Province","authors":"Chongmei Wang","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.114011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70598022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Gbarakoro, Victoria Oluwaseyi Koshoffa, F. Sikoki
{"title":"Assessing Earthworm Influence on Remediating Potentials of Soil Micro-Organisms, and Bioavailable Hydrocarbon Pollutant in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"T. Gbarakoro, Victoria Oluwaseyi Koshoffa, F. Sikoki","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.113015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.113015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70598176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouhamed Ndoye, M. Faye, C. Kane, Adama Diop, Mariama Diop
{"title":"Removal of Methyl Violet in Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon Based on <i>Saba senegalensis</i> Shell Residues","authors":"Mouhamed Ndoye, M. Faye, C. Kane, Adama Diop, Mariama Diop","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.115013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.115013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70598736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Abam, F. T. Giadom, R. E. O. Iduma, Ifeyinwa L. Nwankwo
Soil conductivity is responsible for its aggressive behavior to metallic objects either in contact or buried in the ground. Rapid deterioration and eventual rupture of pipelines leading ultimately to crude oil spillages have been of eco-nomic as well as environmental concern. Although many factors contribute to soil resistivity, these relationships have hardly been quantitatively expressed. This paper explores the factors affecting soil resistivity firstly by matching the spatial regional distribution with each of the identified factors of influence, including ground elevation soil type, depth to water table and undrained strength. 183 Vertical Electrical Sounding VES with the ABEM SAS 1000, using Schlumberger electrode configuration were carried out along a pipeline route to generate resistivity distribution across a linear alignment that traverses three geomorphic sub-environments in the Niger Delta Region. The apparent resistivity values averaged over depths of 3 m and 10 m were plotted against the co-ordinates using Surfer-16 and overlaid on Google earth Pro to produce a spatial distribution with enhanced location visibility. The results show that apparent resistivity is influenced by depth to water table with lower values in areas of shallow water table occurrence. Furthermore, it is shown that changes in resistivity below the water table are more due to variation in soil type. Within a
土壤电导率是其对接触或埋在地下的金属物体的侵蚀行为的原因。管道的迅速恶化和最终破裂，最终导致原油泄漏，已经成为经济和环境问题。虽然许多因素影响土壤电阻率，但这些关系几乎没有定量表达。本文首先将土壤电阻率的空间区域分布与确定的影响因素(地面高程、土壤类型、距地下水位深度和不排水强度)进行匹配，探讨影响土壤电阻率的因素。183垂直电测深VES与ABEM SAS 1000，使用斯伦贝谢电极配置，沿着管道路线进行，以生成穿过尼日尔三角洲地区三个地貌亚环境的线性线的电阻率分布。利用Surfer-16对3米和10米深度的平均视电阻率值进行坐标绘制，并叠加在谷歌earth Pro上，以产生具有增强位置可视性的空间分布。结果表明，视电阻率受地表深度的影响，在地表浅层产状区域视电阻率值较低。地下水位以下电阻率的变化主要是由土壤类型的变化引起的。在一个
{"title":"Evaluation of Factors of Soil Resistivity in the Niger Delta","authors":"T. Abam, F. T. Giadom, R. E. O. Iduma, Ifeyinwa L. Nwankwo","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.115020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.115020","url":null,"abstract":"Soil conductivity is responsible for its aggressive behavior to metallic objects either in contact or buried in the ground. Rapid deterioration and eventual rupture of pipelines leading ultimately to crude oil spillages have been of eco-nomic as well as environmental concern. Although many factors contribute to soil resistivity, these relationships have hardly been quantitatively expressed. This paper explores the factors affecting soil resistivity firstly by matching the spatial regional distribution with each of the identified factors of influence, including ground elevation soil type, depth to water table and undrained strength. 183 Vertical Electrical Sounding VES with the ABEM SAS 1000, using Schlumberger electrode configuration were carried out along a pipeline route to generate resistivity distribution across a linear alignment that traverses three geomorphic sub-environments in the Niger Delta Region. The apparent resistivity values averaged over depths of 3 m and 10 m were plotted against the co-ordinates using Surfer-16 and overlaid on Google earth Pro to produce a spatial distribution with enhanced location visibility. The results show that apparent resistivity is influenced by depth to water table with lower values in areas of shallow water table occurrence. Furthermore, it is shown that changes in resistivity below the water table are more due to variation in soil type. Within a","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70601532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Mbata Muliwavyo, Jonathan Musitu Muliwavyo, Jean Marie Tshitenge Mbuebue, Lumière Musitu, Clement N'zau Umba-di-Mbudi
{"title":"Structural Study of the Kakobola Area and Its Surroundings by Detecting the Edges of Gravity Anomaly Sources","authors":"Albert Mbata Muliwavyo, Jonathan Musitu Muliwavyo, Jean Marie Tshitenge Mbuebue, Lumière Musitu, Clement N'zau Umba-di-Mbudi","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.117006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.117006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70606959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priskila N. Mweendi, Festus S. Shafodino, Zivuku Munyaradzi, Lamech M. Mwapagha
{"title":"Assessment of Bacteria, Morphological Characteristics, and Elemental Composition of Dust Fallout","authors":"Priskila N. Mweendi, Festus S. Shafodino, Zivuku Munyaradzi, Lamech M. Mwapagha","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.118007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.118007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70610223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reservoir Characteristics and Favorable Area Prediction of Chang-6 Reservoir in Zhouguan Area, Ordos Basin","authors":"Yuchuan Liu, Ming Tang, Shengli Gao","doi":"10.4236/gep.2023.118002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.118002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58477,"journal":{"name":"地球科学和环境保护期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70610276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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