中华儿科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lymphadenopathy in children (2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250807-00728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250807-00728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanisms of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> in regulating bile acid metabolism of cholestatic model mice].","authors":"Y J Liu, R C Ji, Y Zhang, M X Li, L Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251118-01038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251118-01038","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the therapeutic effects of &lt;i&gt;Akkermansia muciniphila&lt;/i&gt; (AKK) on liver injury induced by cholestasis and its mechanisms in regulating bile acid metabolism. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The cholestatic mouse model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 35 male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups using a random numder table method (7 mice per group): group A (control group), group B (BDL group), group C (BDL+AKK group), group Z (BDL+AKK+Z/E-guggulsterone group), and group G (BDL+AKK+Gly-β-muricholic acid group). Preoperative and postoperative changes in liver function and bile acid metabolism indicators was observed of mice in groups A, B, and C. The liver function and fibrosis markers were compared between groups, as well as serum, liver, and fecal total bile acid levels, fecal bile acid composition, liver histopathology, and the mRNA expression of key proteins involved in the bile acid enterohepatic circulation and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway were compared. Multiple groups of data were compared using analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal Wallis &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Twelve days after BDL, in groups A, B, and C, mice in group C exhibited milder postoperative jaundice and their body weights on postoperative days 4-5 and 7-11 were heavier than those in group B mice (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The liver tissues of mice in group C were milder than those in group B in terms of appearance, histopathology, inflammation and liver fibrosis (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin and type Ⅰ collagen, and the levels of total liver bile acid and fecal β-murine bile acid in the C group mice were all lower than those of group B mice ((46±20) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; (90±34) U/L, (96±17) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;(122±31) U/L, (2.01±0.11)% &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; (7.55±0.21)%, (1.92±0.10)% &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; (7.28±0.51)%, (62±14) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; (124±39) μmol/mg, 3 052 (1 522, 6 406) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 14 756 (6 582, 33 474) ng/g,all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;&lt;/i&gt;0.05). And the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and bile salt export pump of the ileum, etc. in group C mice were lower than those in group B mice (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of FXR and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the intestine were higher than those in group B mice (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). In groups B, C, Z, and G, compared with group C, mice in groups Z and G had aggravated liver injury and fibrosis, increased total bile acid levels in the liver, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle activator protein and type I collagen (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). There was no statistically difference in the above indicators between group Z and group G (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; AKK reduces liver bile acid synthesis, regulates bile acid metabolism, alleviate liver funct","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical practice guideline for the use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of glomerular diseases in children(2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250905-00823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250905-00823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in the epigenetic mechanisms of maternal obesity on offspring metabolic health].","authors":"Y Q Zhou, L Liu, J F Fu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250715-00619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250715-00619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"116-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Consistency and risk factor analysis of 2 growth chart in the diagnosis of extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants with a gestational age at birth of less than 32 weeks].","authors":"F Zhang, X H Zhang, S S Li, S P Han","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251015-00906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251015-00906","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the diagnostic consistency of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) assessed by the Fenton 2013 preterm growth charts (Fenton 2013) and the growth charts by International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (IG-21). &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 5 591 preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of less than 32 weeks admitted to 19 member hospitals of the Neonatal Perinatal Collaborative Network of Suxinyun from January 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;, 2019, to December 31&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;, 2024. Clinical data including baseline characteristics, complications, feeding practices and anthropometrics were processed and analyzed. EUGR was assessed using both the Fenton 2013 and the IG-21. A decrease in weight Z-score at discharge compared to admission by more than 1 was defined as longitudinal EUGR, and discharge weight below the &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; for the corresponding corrected GA was defined as cross-sectional EUGR. Diagnostic consistency was assessed using the &lt;i&gt;Kappa&lt;/i&gt; coefficient between the 2 standards, and diagnostic performance of the 2 standards was compared using the &lt;i&gt;McNemar&lt;/i&gt; test. Risk factors for EUGR under different definitions were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 5 591 preterm infants were included, with a GA at birth of (29.7±1.6) weeks and a birth weight of (1 360±315) g and at discharge with a corrected GA of (36.3±2.0) weeks and weight of (2 246±370) g. Detection rates of cross-sectional and longitudinal EUGR diagnosed by Fenton 2013 were both higher than those by IG-21 (37.0% (2 214/5 991) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 23.7% (1 324/5 591), 61.1% (3 662/5 991) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 30.7% (1 714/5 591), &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=326.77 and 1 358.05, both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). Using Fenton 2013 as a reference, IG-21 demonstrated superior diagnostic value and consistency in identifying cross-sectional EUGR compared with longitudinal EUGR (sensitivity of 100.0% (3 377/3 377) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 99.6% (1 922/1 929), specificity of 59.8% (1 324/2 214) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 46.6% (1 707/3 662), positive predictive value of 79.1% (3 377/4 267) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 49.6% (1 922/3 877), negative predictive value of 100.0% (1 324/1 324) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 99.6% (1 707/1 714), accuracy of 84.1% (4 701/5 591) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 64.9% (3 629/5 591), and &lt;i&gt;Kappa&lt;/i&gt; 0.64 &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt; 0.37, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). In multivariate Logistic regression models, risk factors common to EUGR across both standards included smaller GA at birth, lower birth weight, boy, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis and the elder age at full enteral feeding (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus remained an independent risk factor for longitudinal EUGR regardless of whether by the Fenton 2013 or IG-21 standard (adjust odds ratio (&lt;i&gt;aOR&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;=&lt;/i&gt;1.25 and 1.27, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 1.09-1.42 and 1.11-1.45). In addition, under the IG-21 standard, severe ","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical characteristics analysis of 6 children with anomalous origin of coronary artery supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].","authors":"D L Cheng, F F Du, M Cheng, C S Shi","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250814-00754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250814-00754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To summarize the clinical features of children with anomalous origin of coronary artery (AOCA) who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. <b>Methods:</b> A case series study was conducted. Clinical data was collected from 6 children who were diagnosed with AOCA by coronary computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography and received ECMO support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2020 and August 2024. Descriptive analysis was performed on their clinical features, laboratory test results, point-of-care echocardiography results, imaging findings, surgical management, and outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Among the 6 children (3 males and 3 females), the age of onset was 12.5 (11.0, 13.0) years. All 6 patients were transported from other hospitals under ECMO support. Five patients were admitted with chief complaints of \"cardiac arrest after strenuous activity, syncope after strenuous activity, or heart failure\" and were initially diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis or cardiomyopathy. All 6 children had significantly elevated troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide levels upon admission. Point-of-care echocardiography revealed segmental left ventricular systolic dysfunction in all 6 children, and AOCA was detected in 2 cases based on bedside ultrasound. ECMO was successfully weaned in 5 children. All 6 cases were diagnosed with AOCA. Four children underwent surgical coronary artery correction, one received a heart transplantation, and one missed the optimal window for surgical correction. Heart transplantation was recommended for the latter, but the parents declined, and the patient was discharged. During the follow-up until August 2025, all 6 children survived. <b>Conclusions:</b> AOCA in children is prone to misdiagnosis as other diseases in the early stage. Timely ECMO support provides the possibility of surgery or heart transplantation for children experiencing acute ischemic and hypoxic episodes due to AOCA, improving survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"95-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Go ahead bravely and have a brilliant future].","authors":"T Y Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251101-00975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251101-00975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optimization of management for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia].","authors":"L Z Du","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251113-01019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251113-01019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[High quality development of neonatology in China: current status and future directions].","authors":"S P Han, C Chen, D Z Mu, Y Shi, J H Fu, M Y Hei, Z L Lin, L Z Du, W H Zhou, Y J Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250904-00819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20250904-00819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of positional skull deformity in premature infants (2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251024-00940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20251024-00940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}