Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935997
D. Feld, D. Shim
Recent models vary widely as to the mechanism in the piezoelectric AlN film that gives rise to the measured 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear behavior in BAW resonators. As an example one model suggests that a strain dependence of the bulk modulus in a piezoelectric AlN film is responsible for both the 2nd and 3rd order response of BAW and FBAR resonators [Collado]. We call this model the "bulk-bulk" model since the bulk modulus depends on the strain in each order respectively. We find that this "bulk-bulk" model is not capable of modeling our measured second harmonic (H2), and intermodulation distortion (IMD3) data simultaneously. When the 2nd order coefficient is chosen to match the measured 2nd harmonic response, it generates an IMD3 response through a process of remixing at a frequency 2F1-F0 which is larger than our measured data by ∼45 dBs when two +24 dBm tones are applied. It appears the authors did not fully incorporate their chosen non-linearity into their model. As a result the "bulk-bulk" non-linear model of the AlN film must be abandoned in favor of a new model — a "general" nonlinear Mason model, in which a complete set of 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear mechanisms can be evaluated to see which are consistent with the data. Such a model is described in this work and in a companion paper. Using this model we show that a strain dependent piezoelectric coefficient must be employed to model the H2 behavior without modeling an IMD3 response that is much larger than what is measured. To fit the IMD3 data a 3rd order strain dependent bulk modulus must also be incorporated. The resulting model is a "piezo-bulk" model for suggesting that the piezo coefficient and the bulk modulus have a 2nd and 3rd order dependence on strain, respectively. We also show that another recent model [Ueda] is not suitable for evaluating the underlying nonlinear physics because it violates conservation of energy and does not allow for remixing.
{"title":"Determination of the nonlinear physical constants in a piezoelectric AlN film","authors":"D. Feld, D. Shim","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935997","url":null,"abstract":"Recent models vary widely as to the mechanism in the piezoelectric AlN film that gives rise to the measured 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear behavior in BAW resonators. As an example one model suggests that a strain dependence of the bulk modulus in a piezoelectric AlN film is responsible for both the 2nd and 3rd order response of BAW and FBAR resonators [Collado]. We call this model the \"bulk-bulk\" model since the bulk modulus depends on the strain in each order respectively. We find that this \"bulk-bulk\" model is not capable of modeling our measured second harmonic (H2), and intermodulation distortion (IMD3) data simultaneously. When the 2nd order coefficient is chosen to match the measured 2nd harmonic response, it generates an IMD3 response through a process of remixing at a frequency 2F1-F0 which is larger than our measured data by ∼45 dBs when two +24 dBm tones are applied. It appears the authors did not fully incorporate their chosen non-linearity into their model. As a result the \"bulk-bulk\" non-linear model of the AlN film must be abandoned in favor of a new model — a \"general\" nonlinear Mason model, in which a complete set of 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear mechanisms can be evaluated to see which are consistent with the data. Such a model is described in this work and in a companion paper. Using this model we show that a strain dependent piezoelectric coefficient must be employed to model the H2 behavior without modeling an IMD3 response that is much larger than what is measured. To fit the IMD3 data a 3rd order strain dependent bulk modulus must also be incorporated. The resulting model is a \"piezo-bulk\" model for suggesting that the piezo coefficient and the bulk modulus have a 2nd and 3rd order dependence on strain, respectively. We also show that another recent model [Ueda] is not suitable for evaluating the underlying nonlinear physics because it violates conservation of energy and does not allow for remixing.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"28 1","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74841275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935506
N. Naumenko
The numerical technique recently developed for simulation of SAW dispersion in periodic gratings was applied to langasite cut with Euler angles (0°,138.5°,26.6°) and platinum grating, when electrode thickness varies between 1% and 6% λ (SAW wavelength). Analysis has revealed that with increasing Pt thickness, the dispersion appears to be strongly affected by interaction between two SAW modes. It results in additional stopband, which occurs at certain detuning from synchronous reflection condition and manifests itself by additional resonances of admittance function if such detuning occurs in SAW resonator. The anomalous character of dispersion is not adequately described by the known COM models and can explain the slow growth of reflectivity with increasing electrode thickness.
{"title":"Anomalous dispersion of SAW in platinum grating on langasite with Euler angles (0°, 138.5°, 26.6°)","authors":"N. Naumenko","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935506","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical technique recently developed for simulation of SAW dispersion in periodic gratings was applied to langasite cut with Euler angles (0°,138.5°,26.6°) and platinum grating, when electrode thickness varies between 1% and 6% λ (SAW wavelength). Analysis has revealed that with increasing Pt thickness, the dispersion appears to be strongly affected by interaction between two SAW modes. It results in additional stopband, which occurs at certain detuning from synchronous reflection condition and manifests itself by additional resonances of admittance function if such detuning occurs in SAW resonator. The anomalous character of dispersion is not adequately described by the known COM models and can explain the slow growth of reflectivity with increasing electrode thickness.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"42 1","pages":"543-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78624486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935502
J. Kent
Based on principles from time reversal acoustics, a new acoustics based touchscreen technology has entered the marketplace. Based on accounts of key contributors, this paper presents a history of the developments behind the invention, development and commercialization of this new touchscreen technology. This illustrates innovation from lab to marketplace.
{"title":"New touch technology from time reversal acoustics: A history","authors":"J. Kent","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935502","url":null,"abstract":"Based on principles from time reversal acoustics, a new acoustics based touchscreen technology has entered the marketplace. Based on accounts of key contributors, this paper presents a history of the developments behind the invention, development and commercialization of this new touchscreen technology. This illustrates innovation from lab to marketplace.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"1173-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76150609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935860
Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang, Y. Yong
An exact approach is used to investigate Rayleigh waves in magneto-electro-elastic material structure which involves a piezomagnetic layer bonded to a semi-infinite homogeneous piezoelectric substrate. The piezomagneticity and piezoelectricity are both polarized in z-axis direction. The analytical solution of dispersion relations is obtained and the results are presented.
{"title":"Rayleigh wave propagating in layered magneto-electro-elastic material structures","authors":"Jianke Du, Xiaoyu Cheng, Ji Wang, Y. Yong","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935860","url":null,"abstract":"An exact approach is used to investigate Rayleigh waves in magneto-electro-elastic material structure which involves a piezomagnetic layer bonded to a semi-infinite homogeneous piezoelectric substrate. The piezomagneticity and piezoelectricity are both polarized in z-axis direction. The analytical solution of dispersion relations is obtained and the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"1179-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80505285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935964
T. Nelson, A. Tran, Hourieh Farourfar, Jakob Nebeker
Objective: To assess performance of dedicated volume breast ultrasound imaging (VBUS) system integrated with a compact robotic biopsy device to provide precision image-guided breast lesion biopsy. Methods: We integrated our VBUS system with a compact robotic device having a 6-DOF articulated arm to reach any breast location. A load sensor measured force and torque to provide real-time data regarding biopsy device insertion and penetration forces. Ultrasound volume image data provided 3-dimensional lesion coordinates. Targeting and guidance algorithms optimized the path for insertion of a Mammotome™ vacuum biopsy device. System performance was evaluated by scanning breast test objects having simulated lesions and a cubic grid of sample locations. We measured targeting error and reproducibility. Results: VBUS volume data were acquired in 20 sec/slice and showed ∼1 mm spatial resolution with lesions clearly identified. Targeting accuracy was within ±1 mm over the robotic workspace. Reproducibility was excellent. Force feedback data showed good sensitivity to needle forces. Discussion and Conclusions: Ultrasound volume data assisted robotic targeting and guidance algorithms for physician control. Robotic devices may provide more precise device placement assisting physicians with biopsy procedures. This work demonstrates the potential to translate the capabilities of two rapidly developing areas of medicine: volumetric imaging and robotic devices into a fully-functional clinical volume image-guided, physician-directed robotic breast biopsy system.
{"title":"Ultrasound image-guided robotic breast biopsy","authors":"T. Nelson, A. Tran, Hourieh Farourfar, Jakob Nebeker","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935964","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess performance of dedicated volume breast ultrasound imaging (VBUS) system integrated with a compact robotic biopsy device to provide precision image-guided breast lesion biopsy. Methods: We integrated our VBUS system with a compact robotic device having a 6-DOF articulated arm to reach any breast location. A load sensor measured force and torque to provide real-time data regarding biopsy device insertion and penetration forces. Ultrasound volume image data provided 3-dimensional lesion coordinates. Targeting and guidance algorithms optimized the path for insertion of a Mammotome™ vacuum biopsy device. System performance was evaluated by scanning breast test objects having simulated lesions and a cubic grid of sample locations. We measured targeting error and reproducibility. Results: VBUS volume data were acquired in 20 sec/slice and showed ∼1 mm spatial resolution with lesions clearly identified. Targeting accuracy was within ±1 mm over the robotic workspace. Reproducibility was excellent. Force feedback data showed good sensitivity to needle forces. Discussion and Conclusions: Ultrasound volume data assisted robotic targeting and guidance algorithms for physician control. Robotic devices may provide more precise device placement assisting physicians with biopsy procedures. This work demonstrates the potential to translate the capabilities of two rapidly developing areas of medicine: volumetric imaging and robotic devices into a fully-functional clinical volume image-guided, physician-directed robotic breast biopsy system.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"2352-2355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81588706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935857
W.-C. Wang, C. Yang, A. Yang
Acoustic streaming (AS) is a steady fluid flow driven by the absorption of high amplitude ultrasonic vibrations due to the nonlinear effect. With potential applications in micro-pumping, the AS-related behaviors remain as interesting topics to the acoustic community. Anti-symmetric flexural (ASF) modes are wedge waves with their particle motion anti-symmetric about the apex mid-plane. With the energy tightly confined near the wedge-tip, ASF mode has relatively high acoustic amplitude which suggest it's as a good candidate for the investigation of AS. In this study, the AS behaviors induced by ASF modes are investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The ASF induced three-dimensional AS flow field are presented through the CFD analysis.
{"title":"Acoustic streaming induced by anti-symmetrical flexural modes near a wedge tip","authors":"W.-C. Wang, C. Yang, A. Yang","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935857","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic streaming (AS) is a steady fluid flow driven by the absorption of high amplitude ultrasonic vibrations due to the nonlinear effect. With potential applications in micro-pumping, the AS-related behaviors remain as interesting topics to the acoustic community. Anti-symmetric flexural (ASF) modes are wedge waves with their particle motion anti-symmetric about the apex mid-plane. With the energy tightly confined near the wedge-tip, ASF mode has relatively high acoustic amplitude which suggest it's as a good candidate for the investigation of AS. In this study, the AS behaviors induced by ASF modes are investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The ASF induced three-dimensional AS flow field are presented through the CFD analysis.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"1047-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81708177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935981
F. Yu, F. Villanueva, Xucai Chen
Background: Radial modulation (RM) is a promising dual band approach for high frequency microbubble (MB) imaging. A low frequency (LF) ultrasound pulse is used to manipulate the MB radius while a synchronized high frequency (HF) pulse successively measures MB backscatter in compressed and expanded states. RM signal amplitude has been shown to increase with LF signal amplitude, but is ultimately limited by the infiltration of LF harmonics into the HF bandwidth at higher LF pressure. The ideal LF for maximizing RM signal remains controversial, and frequencies at and below resonance have been reported. This study was designed to investigate the modulation frequency and amplitude that maximize RM signal. Methods: Lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon MB (3.54 ± 1.76 µm) were circulated in a 6 mm diameter cellulose tube. A 20 MHz single element transducer was concentrically housed in the center of hollow 1 and 2.25 MHz transducers and the resulting confocal pressure fields were calibrated with a hydrophone. During insonation of the circulating MB, 50 independent HF line pairs were recorded while varying LF pressure from 0.02 to 0.4 mechanical index (MI). The RM signal was defined as the mean HF backscatter power difference between the low and high pressure phases of the modulating LF, normalized by the high pressure HF backscatter power. Radio-frequency signal and spectra were also analyzed for LF harmonics. Results: Simulation and experimental data for this MB suspension both predicted higher RM at resonance frequency for the same MI. However, our experimental data demonstrate that the RM reaches a 60% maximum that is the same for both frequencies and is reached at 0.1 < MI < 0.15. This plateau just precedes the appearance of LF harmonics in the HF bandwidth when MI > 0.15. Also, we show that RM allows high resolution single MB specific imaging with very efficient tissue suppression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a MI in the 0.1–0.15 range produced the same maximal RM amplitude in the studied MB population for both LF studied. LF harmonics were negligible at these pressure levels. These findings should help with the development of high frequency molecular imaging.
背景:径向调制(RM)是一种很有前途的用于高频微泡成像的双波段方法。使用低频(LF)超声脉冲来控制MB半径，同时使用同步的高频(HF)脉冲依次测量压缩和扩展状态下的MB背散射。RM信号幅值随低频信号幅值的增加而增加，但最终受到低频谐波在高低频压力下渗入高频带宽的限制。最大化RM信号的理想LF仍然存在争议，共振和低于共振的频率已被报道。本研究旨在探讨调制频率和幅度，最大限度地提高了RM信号。方法:脂质包封的全氟碳MB(3.54±1.76µm)在直径6 mm的纤维素管中循环。将一个20 MHz的单元件换能器同心放置在空心1和2.25 MHz换能器的中心，用水听器校准所得的共聚焦压力场。在循环MB超声期间，记录了50对独立的HF线对，同时将LF压力从0.02到0.4机械指数(MI)变化。RM信号定义为调制LF的低压相位和高压相位之间的平均HF反向散射功率差，经高压HF反向散射功率归一化。对射频信号和频谱进行了低频谐波分析。结果:该MB悬架的模拟和实验数据都预测了相同MI的共振频率下更高的RM。然而，我们的实验数据表明，两个频率下RM达到60%的最大值，并且在0.1 < MI < 0.15时达到。当MI > 0.15时，该平台恰好先于高频带宽中低频谐波的出现。此外，我们表明RM允许高分辨率单个MB特异性成像，具有非常有效的组织抑制。结论:我们的研究结果表明，0.1-0.15范围内的MI在两种LF研究的MB人群中产生相同的最大RM振幅。在这些压力水平下，低频谐波可以忽略不计。这些发现将有助于高频分子成像技术的发展。
{"title":"The selection of the low frequency for radial modulation imaging at 20 MHz","authors":"F. Yu, F. Villanueva, Xucai Chen","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935981","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radial modulation (RM) is a promising dual band approach for high frequency microbubble (MB) imaging. A low frequency (LF) ultrasound pulse is used to manipulate the MB radius while a synchronized high frequency (HF) pulse successively measures MB backscatter in compressed and expanded states. RM signal amplitude has been shown to increase with LF signal amplitude, but is ultimately limited by the infiltration of LF harmonics into the HF bandwidth at higher LF pressure. The ideal LF for maximizing RM signal remains controversial, and frequencies at and below resonance have been reported. This study was designed to investigate the modulation frequency and amplitude that maximize RM signal. Methods: Lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon MB (3.54 ± 1.76 µm) were circulated in a 6 mm diameter cellulose tube. A 20 MHz single element transducer was concentrically housed in the center of hollow 1 and 2.25 MHz transducers and the resulting confocal pressure fields were calibrated with a hydrophone. During insonation of the circulating MB, 50 independent HF line pairs were recorded while varying LF pressure from 0.02 to 0.4 mechanical index (MI). The RM signal was defined as the mean HF backscatter power difference between the low and high pressure phases of the modulating LF, normalized by the high pressure HF backscatter power. Radio-frequency signal and spectra were also analyzed for LF harmonics. Results: Simulation and experimental data for this MB suspension both predicted higher RM at resonance frequency for the same MI. However, our experimental data demonstrate that the RM reaches a 60% maximum that is the same for both frequencies and is reached at 0.1 < MI < 0.15. This plateau just precedes the appearance of LF harmonics in the HF bandwidth when MI > 0.15. Also, we show that RM allows high resolution single MB specific imaging with very efficient tissue suppression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a MI in the 0.1–0.15 range produced the same maximal RM amplitude in the studied MB population for both LF studied. LF harmonics were negligible at these pressure levels. These findings should help with the development of high frequency molecular imaging.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"79 1","pages":"908-911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81950171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935818
S. Muth, Sarah Dort, Damien Garcia
Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is the most widespread technique to analyze blood flow in clinical practice. In the prospect of producing new CDI-based tools, we developed a fast unsupervised denoiser and dealiaser (DeAN) algorithm for color Doppler raw data. The proposed technique uses robust and automated image post-processing techniques that make the DeAN clinically compliant. The DeAN includes three consecutive advanced and hands-off numerical tools: 1) a statistical region merging segmentation, 2) a recursive dealiasing process, and 3) a regularized robust smoothing. The performance of the DeAN was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations on mock Doppler data corrupted by aliasing and Gaussian noise with velocity-dependent variance. Clinical color Doppler images acquired with a Vivid 7 scanner were also analyzed. The analytical study demonstrated that color Doppler data can be reconstructed with high accuracy despite the presence of strong corruption. The normalized RMS error on the numerical data was less than 8% even with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as 10 dB. The algorithm also allowed us to recover reliable Doppler flows in clinical data. The DeAN is extremely fast, accurate and not observer-dependent. Preliminary results showed that it is also directly applicable to 3-D data. This will offer the possibility of developing new tools to better decipher the blood flow dynamics in cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Automated dealiasing and denoising for color Doppler imaging","authors":"S. Muth, Sarah Dort, Damien Garcia","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935818","url":null,"abstract":"Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is the most widespread technique to analyze blood flow in clinical practice. In the prospect of producing new CDI-based tools, we developed a fast unsupervised denoiser and dealiaser (DeAN) algorithm for color Doppler raw data. The proposed technique uses robust and automated image post-processing techniques that make the DeAN clinically compliant. The DeAN includes three consecutive advanced and hands-off numerical tools: 1) a statistical region merging segmentation, 2) a recursive dealiasing process, and 3) a regularized robust smoothing. The performance of the DeAN was evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations on mock Doppler data corrupted by aliasing and Gaussian noise with velocity-dependent variance. Clinical color Doppler images acquired with a Vivid 7 scanner were also analyzed. The analytical study demonstrated that color Doppler data can be reconstructed with high accuracy despite the presence of strong corruption. The normalized RMS error on the numerical data was less than 8% even with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as 10 dB. The algorithm also allowed us to recover reliable Doppler flows in clinical data. The DeAN is extremely fast, accurate and not observer-dependent. Preliminary results showed that it is also directly applicable to 3-D data. This will offer the possibility of developing new tools to better decipher the blood flow dynamics in cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"32 1","pages":"1202-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85127226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935784
J. Eisenbrey, J. Dave, D. Merton, J. Palazzo, A. Hall, F. Forsberg
Parametric imaging of contrast media perfusion in breast lesions may be a useful tool in determining malignancy and grade of suspected breast tumors. Traditional ultrasound contrast modes have applied this technique, but they often suffer from reduced blood-to-tissue signal due to the tissue's ability to express signal at the transmit and higher harmonic frequencies. Alternatively, it has been shown that imaging at the subharmonic frequency (transmit at f0, receive at f0/2) results in near complete tissue signal suppression. In this regard, parametric subharmonic imaging (SHI) may be an ideal tool for breast lesion characterization, because the signal is generated almost exclusively by contrast microbubbles within the vasculature. In this study, we examined the ability of parametric SHI to characterize breast lesions. Digital SHI clips of 16 breast lesions from 14 women were acquired during contrast injection and used to generate parametric maps of cumulative maximum intensity (CMI), time to peak (TTP), estimated perfusion (EP) and area under the time-intensity curve (AUC). No significant variations were detected with CMI (p = 0.80), TTP (p = 0.35) or AUC (p = 0.65), while a statistically significant variation was detected for the average pixel EP (p = 0.002). While our initial sample size is limited, preliminary results indicate parametric SHI may be a useful tool for breast lesion characterization.
{"title":"Breast lesion characterization by parametric imaging of subharmonic signals from ultrasound contrast agents","authors":"J. Eisenbrey, J. Dave, D. Merton, J. Palazzo, A. Hall, F. Forsberg","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935784","url":null,"abstract":"Parametric imaging of contrast media perfusion in breast lesions may be a useful tool in determining malignancy and grade of suspected breast tumors. Traditional ultrasound contrast modes have applied this technique, but they often suffer from reduced blood-to-tissue signal due to the tissue's ability to express signal at the transmit and higher harmonic frequencies. Alternatively, it has been shown that imaging at the subharmonic frequency (transmit at f0, receive at f0/2) results in near complete tissue signal suppression. In this regard, parametric subharmonic imaging (SHI) may be an ideal tool for breast lesion characterization, because the signal is generated almost exclusively by contrast microbubbles within the vasculature. In this study, we examined the ability of parametric SHI to characterize breast lesions. Digital SHI clips of 16 breast lesions from 14 women were acquired during contrast injection and used to generate parametric maps of cumulative maximum intensity (CMI), time to peak (TTP), estimated perfusion (EP) and area under the time-intensity curve (AUC). No significant variations were detected with CMI (p = 0.80), TTP (p = 0.35) or AUC (p = 0.65), while a statistically significant variation was detected for the average pixel EP (p = 0.002). While our initial sample size is limited, preliminary results indicate parametric SHI may be a useful tool for breast lesion characterization.","PeriodicalId":6437,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"17 1","pages":"790-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76714612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2010.5935781
J. Streeter, R. Gessner, J. Tsuruta, S. Feingold, I. Guracar, P. Dayton
Ultrasonic (US) molecular imaging (MI) relies on microbubble contrast agents (MCAs) adhering to ligand-specific biomarkers for characterizing diseased tissue in applications such as tumor angiogenesis. One drawback to traditional 2D US MI methods is the inability to completely characterize the three-dimensional (3D) in vivo environment. We attempt to improve targeted MCA visualization and quantification by performing US MI of tumors expressing αvβ3 in 3D space. 3D acquisitions were obtained on multiple rat fibrosarcoma tumors with a Siemens Sequoia system in CPS mode by mechanically scanning the transducer in the elevational direction across the tumor. Our US MI results show high targeting variability suggesting that individual 2D acquisitions can misrepresent more complex heterogeneous tissues. Our hypothesis is that 3D US MI will provide a more robust evaluation of disease progression than traditional methods.
超声(US)分子成像(MI)依靠微泡造影剂(MCAs)粘附在配体特异性生物标志物上，在肿瘤血管生成等应用中表征病变组织。传统2D US MI方法的一个缺点是无法完全表征三维(3D)体内环境。我们试图通过在三维空间对表达αvβ3的肿瘤进行US - MI来改善靶向MCA的可视化和量化。利用Siemens Sequoia系统在CPS模式下，通过机械扫描换能器在肿瘤的垂直方向，获得了多个大鼠纤维肉瘤肿瘤的三维图像。我们的美国心肌梗死结果显示了高度的靶向变异性，表明单个二维采集可能会错误地反映更复杂的异质组织。我们的假设是，3D US MI将提供比传统方法更可靠的疾病进展评估。
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