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Extraction and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Durian Rind for Biocomposite Application 用于生物复合材料的榴莲皮微晶纤维素 (MCC) 的提取和表征
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03401-7
Wei Sing Yong, Yee Lee Yeu, Ping Ping Chung, Kok Heng Soon

The scientific community has become interested in cellulose extraction from agro-industrial wastes because they contain large quantities of cellulose and are being researched globally due to their application. Cellulose extracted from these wastes offers varying characteristics and structures depending on the specific source. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from different parts of the durian husk through acid hydrolysis with various concentrations of oxalic acid and cellulose-to-acid ratios. The durian husk underwent a pretreatment method involving bleaching and alkaline treatment. The characteristics of MCC, such as functional group, morphology, and crystallinity, were studied. The findings indicated that lignin was successfully removed through pretreatment. However, traces of hemicellulose were still detected in a few samples. The extracted MCCs demonstrated a diameter range from 6.237 to 25.38 μm and crystallinity within the range of 71.43–78.30%. Polycaprolactone (PCL)-based biocomposites with different MCC weights (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) were fabricated, and the performance was evaluated through tensile testing and biodegradability tests. The addition of 1.0 wt% MCC enhanced the tensile strength by 22%. SEM analysis revealed the cross-section fracture surface of the biocomposite, indicating the contribution of the MCC during pull-out. Meanwhile, the biodegradability of the biocomposite increased with the addition of MCC, indicating that the MCC-based biocomposite was fully biodegradable.

科学界对从农用工业废料中提取纤维素产生了浓厚的兴趣,因为这些废料中含有大量纤维素,而且其应用正在全球范围内进行研究。从这些废料中提取的纤维素因具体来源不同而具有不同的特性和结构。在这项研究中,通过使用不同浓度的草酸和纤维素与酸的比例进行酸水解,从榴莲壳的不同部分提取了微晶纤维素(MCC)。榴莲壳的预处理方法包括漂白和碱处理。研究了 MCC 的特征,如官能团、形态和结晶度。研究结果表明,预处理成功地去除了木质素。然而,在少数样品中仍然检测到了微量的半纤维素。提取的 MCC 的直径范围为 6.237 至 25.38 μm,结晶度在 71.43-78.30% 之间。制作了不同 MCC 重量(0.2、0.5 和 1.0 wt%)的聚己内酯(PCL)基生物复合材料,并通过拉伸测试和生物降解性测试对其性能进行了评估。添加 1.0 wt% 的 MCC 后,拉伸强度提高了 22%。扫描电子显微镜分析显示了生物复合材料的横截面断裂面,表明了 MCC 在拉拔过程中的作用。同时,生物复合材料的生物降解性随着 MCC 的添加而增加,表明基于 MCC 的生物复合材料可完全生物降解。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Removal of Eriochrome Black T and Chromate Anions from Aqueous Solution Using Functionalized Hybrid Magnetic Polymers 利用功能化杂化磁性聚合物同时去除水溶液中的铬黑 T 和铬酸根阴离子
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03397-0
Huda M. Alghamdi, Rihab M. Mohammad, Khalid Z. Elwakeel

Textile wastewater containing heavy metal ions has become a severe environmental problem worldwide. The combined uptake of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater discharged by different sectors is a challenging concept. This study explores the use of hybrid adsorbent based on magnetic chitosan (MC) and magnetic poly glycidyl methacrylate (Mp(GMA)) in adsorption technology, for simultaneous removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye and chromate anions from their binary aqueous solution. The adsorbent material was functionalized by loading diethylenetriamine (DETA) or dithizone to improve their adsorption capacity (R-DETA or R-Dithizone). The physicochemical characteristics of the materials have been characterized by a wide variety of analytical techniques. Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were the best-fit models in the binary adsorption system. The co-presence of these anions in the binary solution increases the adsorption capacity of chromate and diminishes the EBT adsorption capacity of the investigated adsorbents (R-DETA and R-Dithizone). The adsorption capacity at monolayer saturation capacities (Langmuir) of R-DETA in binary system were 0.782 and 4.11 mmol g−1 towards EBT and chromate anions respectively, while R-Dithizone adsorbent recorded lower monolayer sorption capacity for EBT (0.490 mmol g−1 ) and higher sorption capacity for chromate 5.93 mmol Cr(VI) g−1 in the binary solution. The effects of competitive anions Cl, NO3, SO42−, and MnO4 on the adsorption of EBT and chromate anions in their binary mixture were examined. The good sorption ability of EBT and Cr(VI) anions against ionic interference supported their use in wastewater treatment applications. NaOH (0.5 M) proved the most effective for desorption from their binary mixture.

Graphical abstract

含有重金属离子的纺织废水已成为全球严重的环境问题。从不同行业排放的废水中综合吸收重金属和染料是一个具有挑战性的概念。本研究探讨了在吸附技术中使用基于磁性壳聚糖(MC)和磁性聚缩水甘油醚甲基丙烯酸酯(Mp(GMA))的混合吸附剂,以同时去除二元水溶液中的 Eriochrome Black T(EBT)染料和铬酸盐阴离子。吸附材料通过添加二乙烯三胺(DETA)或双硫酮(R-DETA 或 R-Dithizone)进行功能化,以提高其吸附能力。这些材料的理化特性已通过多种分析技术进行了表征。在二元吸附体系中,伪二阶动力学模型和朗缪尔吸附等温线是最适合的模型。这些阴离子在二元溶液中的共存增加了铬酸盐的吸附能力,降低了所研究吸附剂(R-DETA 和 R-二硫酮)的 EBT 吸附能力。R-DETA 在二元体系中对 EBT 和铬酸根阴离子的单层饱和吸附容量(Langmuir)分别为 0.782 和 4.11 mmol g-1,而 R-Dithizone 吸附剂在二元溶液中对 EBT 的单层吸附容量较低(0.490 mmol g-1),对铬酸根的吸附容量较高,为 5.93 mmol Cr(VI) g-1。研究了竞争性阴离子 Cl-、NO3-、SO42- 和 MnO4- 对 EBT 和铬酸盐阴离子二元混合物吸附的影响。EBT 和六价铬阴离子对离子干扰的良好吸附能力支持了它们在废水处理中的应用。事实证明,NaOH(0.5 M)对它们二元混合物的解吸最为有效。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Factors in Lab-Scale Compostability Testing 实验室规模堆肥性测试的关键因素
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03311-8
Diana A. Wyman, Sonja Salmon

Composting offers a solid waste management alternative to landfilling resulting in soil amendment products with fertilization and moisture retention benefits and collateral methane reduction by diverting organic wastes from anaerobic landfill environments. An increasing array of materials and products are marketed as compostable, though only a limited range of these are covered by certification schemes. Greater accessibility and deeper understanding of compostability testing is needed to promote meaningful evaluation of the viability and optimal conditions for composting wider ranges of materials. This article describes various critical aspects of laboratory-scale methodology that can be optimized for more consistent, accurate, and efficient testing. While most of the reviewed studies are based on standardized international test methods, modifications to vessel design, medium, control systems, and evaluation show promise. Learnings are also drawn from biodegradation tests using soil and aqueous media. Particular consideration is given to evaluating compostability of textiles, including nonwovens, which today are primarily disposed of in landfills yet have the potential to supplement organic carbon in compost mixtures with nitrogen rich food waste. Furthermore, biodegradation properties of both natural and man-made textile fibers have received growing attention in recent years. Fiber fragments found in oceans and the surge of disposable face coverings used during the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely covered in the mainstream media, highlighting the importance of understanding biodegradation properties for textiles. This review consolidates and organizes diverse and essential procedural details reported in various standards and studies with the goal of encouraging and guiding successful implementation of compostability testing more broadly in laboratories. Certain gaps in test methodologies are identified to help focus future research. Reliable, accessible testing is crucial to expand the beneficial impacts of composting in waste management.

堆肥为固体废物管理提供了一种替代填埋的方法,可产生具有施肥和保湿效果的土壤改良产品,并通过将有机废物从厌氧填埋环境中转移出来,减少附带的甲烷排放。越来越多的材料和产品在市场上被宣传为可堆肥,但其中只有有限的材料和产品通过了认证计划。为了促进对更多材料堆肥的可行性和最佳条件进行有意义的评估,需要对堆肥性测试有更多的了解和更深入的认识。本文介绍了实验室规模方法学的各个关键方面,这些方面可以进行优化,以提高测试的一致性、准确性和效率。虽然所审查的大多数研究都是基于标准化的国际测试方法,但对容器设计、介质、控制系统和评估的修改也显示出了前景。此外,还从使用土壤和水介质进行的生物降解测试中汲取了经验。还特别考虑了评估纺织品(包括无纺布)的可堆肥性,如今,纺织品主要被丢弃在垃圾填埋场,但却有可能在堆肥混合物中与富含氮的食物垃圾一起补充有机碳。此外,近年来,天然和人造纺织纤维的生物降解特性日益受到关注。主流媒体广泛报道了在海洋中发现的纤维碎片,以及在 COVID-19 大流行期间使用的一次性面罩的激增,这凸显了了解纺织品生物降解特性的重要性。本综述整合并整理了各种标准和研究中报道的各种基本程序细节,旨在鼓励和指导实验室更广泛地成功实施可堆肥性测试。此外,还指出了测试方法中的某些不足之处,以帮助今后的研究工作有的放矢。可靠、方便的测试对于扩大堆肥在废物管理中的有益影响至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial Nanocellulose Produced as a By-product of the Brewing Industry and Used as an Adsorbent for Synthetic Solutions of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) AND Fe(III) 作为酿造业副产品生产的细菌纳米纤维素可用作 Co(II)、Cu(II)、Ni(II) 和 Fe(III) 合成溶液的吸附剂
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03389-0
Gabriela Martins de Paiva, Fernanda Palladino, Edson Romano Nucci, Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado, Carlos Augusto Rosa, Igor José Boggione Santos

An economically and environmentally viable alternative for treating waste from iron ore production in Brazil is the use of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) as an adsorbent for the metals present in the waste composition, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. However, to reduce production costs, it is necessary to study alternative substrates, such as waste from the brewing industry, which are nutritionally rich and, therefore, excellent candidates for substrate for bacteria that produce bacterial nanocellulose. Therefore, the present work aims to statically produce BNC using waste from the brewing industry and use BNC as an adsorbent for treating waste from the mining industry. It was possible to obtain approximately 1532 mg of bacterial nanocellulose through the batch system using the hydrolyzate of residual brewing yeast at pH 7 and 5 days of incubation. When used as an adsorbent, the material obtained a maximum adsorption capacity for the metals Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Fe (III) of, respectively, 0.0739, 0.2504, 0.3945 and 0.02841 mg·g−1. For the same metals, the removal rate of the synthetic solutions studied was, respectively, 62.56, 39.13, 61.64 and 24.42%. For the analysis of isotherms, the Freundlich model proved to be the most effective for describing the system. Regarding the adsorption kinetics, it was more effective in the Elovich model. This data shows that nanocellulose produced by bacteria and using agro-industrial subproducts becomes a good alternative for remediation processes in a sustainable way.

细菌纳米纤维素(BNC)具有生物相容性和生物可降解性,是处理巴西铁矿石生产废料的一种经济和环保可行的替代方法,可作为废料成分中金属的吸附剂。然而,为了降低生产成本,有必要研究其他基质,如酿造业产生的废物,这些废物营养丰富,因此是生产细菌纳米纤维素的细菌基质的极佳候选物。因此,本研究旨在利用酿造业废料静态生产 BNC,并将 BNC 用作处理采矿业废料的吸附剂。在 pH 值为 7 和培养 5 天的条件下,利用残留酿造酵母的水解物,通过批处理系统可获得约 1532 毫克的细菌纳米纤维素。该材料用作吸附剂时,对金属 Co (II)、Ni (II)、Cu (II) 和 Fe (III) 的最大吸附容量分别为 0.0739、0.2504、0.3945 和 0.02841 mg-g-1。对于相同的金属,合成溶液的去除率分别为 62.56%、39.13%、61.64% 和 24.42%。在分析等温线时,事实证明 Freundlich 模型对系统的描述最为有效。在吸附动力学方面,Elovich 模型更为有效。这些数据表明,利用细菌和农用工业副产品生产的纳米纤维素是可持续修复过程的良好替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Quince Seed Mucilage Mediated Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Analysis of Its Anti-prostate Cancer and Antioxidant Properties 榅桲籽粘液介导的金纳米粒子生物合成:抗前列腺癌和抗氧化特性分析
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03399-y
Jia Zhang, Tianjun Xing, Attalla F. El-kott, Ali G. Alkhathami, Abdullah A. Alamri

Herein, we have devised a green protocol for the biogenicmadeAu NPs mediated over natural and biological macromolecules derived from Quince (Cydoniaoblonga) seed mucilage (QSM). The intrinsic phytomolecules were utilized as effective reducing agent for the gold ions under ultrasonic conditions. They also enabled the Au NPs to stabilize inherently by capping or encapsulation. The structure of the Au NPs/QSM bio-nanocomposite was analyzed using a range of physicochemical techniques, such as elemental mapping, TEM, FE-SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDS, and ICP. In medicinal therapeutics sector on human health the cancer treatment assumes an important segment. Furthermore, the material’s biological activity was assessed by examining its antioxidant and cytotoxic characteristics against cell lines of prostate carcinoma. DPPH radical scavenging experiments were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Au NPs/QSM, and the resulting IC50 was determined to be 138.1 µg/mL.IC50index of the Au NPs/QSM against PC3, NCI-H660, and LNCaP cell lines were evaluated as 253, 271 and 195 µg/mL, respectively. Au NPs/QSM was found to cause a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of a malignant prostate cell line. The antioxidant properties of recent nanoparticles appear to be the cause of their anti-human prostate carcinoma activity.

在此,我们设计了一种通过从榅桲(Cydoniaoblonga)种子粘液(QSM)中提取的天然生物大分子介导的生物制造金纳米粒子的绿色方案。在超声波条件下,固有的植物大分子被用作金离子的有效还原剂。这些植物大分子还能通过封盖或封装使 Au NPs 固有地稳定下来。利用一系列理化技术,如元素图谱、TEM、FE-SEM、UV-Vis 光谱、EDS 和 ICP,分析了 Au NPs/QSM 生物纳米复合材料的结构。在人类健康的药物治疗领域,癌症治疗占有重要地位。此外,还通过研究该材料对前列腺癌细胞系的抗氧化性和细胞毒性特性,对其生物活性进行了评估。利用 DPPH 自由基清除实验评估了 Au NPs/QSM 的抗氧化潜力,得出的 IC50 值为 138.1 µg/mL。Au NPs/QSM 对 PC3、NCI-H660 和 LNCaP 细胞系的 IC50 指数分别为 253、271 和 195 µg/mL。研究发现,Au NPs/QSM 可导致恶性前列腺细胞系的存活率呈剂量依赖性下降。近期纳米粒子的抗氧化特性似乎是它们具有抗人类前列腺癌活性的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication of Kaolin Loaded Chitosan Hybrid Nanofibers for Recovery of Precious Palladium Cations from Aqueous Solution 制备负载高岭土的壳聚糖杂化纳米纤维以从水溶液中回收贵重的钯阳离子
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03395-2
Yaqing Liu, Yixin Cui, Huibiao Meng, Ke Long, Linjun Shao, Guiying Xing

Palladium plays an important role in modern industry, agriculture and medicine. The direct discharge of palladium results in serious environmental pollution and loses of precious palladium metal. Herein, kaolin/chitosan hybrid nanofibers were successfully prepared to recover Pd2+ cations from aqueous solution. Chitosan and kaolin mixture was first electrospun into nanofibers with citric acid as the in situ crosslinking agent and poly(ethylene oxide) as the co-spinning polymer. Then, the chitosan molecules in these hybrid nanofibers were in situ crosslinked by critic acid at elevated temperatures to endow these nanofibers with excellent solvent resistance. Their structure characterization was conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PLAS). The adsorption performances of these fibrous adsorbents were carefully investigated and optimized (e.g. kaolin content, temperature, pH of solution and initial Pd2+ concentration). The adsorption results demonstrated that incorporation of kaolin powders into the nanofibers could enhance the adsorption capacity from 31 mg/g to 64 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters studies revealed the endothermic and spontaneous natures of the adsorption process of Pd2+ cations on these hybrid nanofibers. The Pd2+ adsorption behavior of this fibrous adsorbent fitted well with the second-order kinetic model, suggesting the chemical adsorption behavior of Pd2+ cations on this fibrous adsorbent. Moreover, this fibrous adsorbent can be easily regenerated and reused at least three times without significant loss of initial adsorption capacities. These results clearly indicate that this fibrous chitosan/kaolin hybrid absorbent holds great potential in the recovery of precious palladium cations from aqueous solution.

钯在现代工业、农业和医药中发挥着重要作用。钯的直接排放会造成严重的环境污染和珍贵钯金属的损失。本文成功制备了高岭土/壳聚糖杂化纳米纤维,用于从水溶液中回收 Pd2+ 阳离子。首先,以柠檬酸为原位交联剂,聚环氧乙烷为共纺聚合物,将壳聚糖和高岭土混合物电纺成纳米纤维。然后,这些杂化纳米纤维中的壳聚糖分子在高温下用批酸进行原位交联,使这些纳米纤维具有优异的耐溶剂性。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和正电子湮灭寿命光谱(PLAS)对这些纳米纤维的结构进行了表征。对这些纤维状吸附剂的吸附性能进行了仔细研究和优化(如高岭土含量、温度、溶液 pH 值和初始 Pd2+ 浓度)。吸附结果表明,在纳米纤维中加入高岭土粉末可将吸附容量从 31 mg/g 提高到 64 mg/g。热力学参数研究表明,Pd2+ 阳离子在这些混合纳米纤维上的吸附过程具有内热和自发性质。这种纤维状吸附剂对 Pd2+ 的吸附行为与二阶动力学模型十分吻合,表明 Pd2+ 阳离子在这种纤维状吸附剂上的吸附行为属于化学吸附。此外,这种纤维状吸附剂可以很容易地再生并重复使用至少三次,而初始吸附能力不会明显下降。这些结果清楚地表明,这种纤维状壳聚糖/高岭土混合吸附剂在从水溶液中回收珍贵的钯阳离子方面具有巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Stearic Acid Modified Sulfated Alginate and Investigation of the Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cell Line 磁性硬脂酸改性硫酸化海藻酸盐的合成与表征以及对 MCF-7 细胞系细胞毒性和凋亡的研究
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03400-8
Birnur Akkaya, Serkan Kapancık, Recep Akkaya, Nurgül Sarıaydın

Breast cancer is the type of cancer that causes death in the first place among women in 2022, with a rate of 6.9%. According to the data of the World Health Organization in 2024, 665,684 women died due to breast cancer in 2022. Cancer metastasis is the main reason why people die from cancer. Since changes in proliferation-related gene expression and protein levels that occur as a result of mutations that cause metastasis make cancerous cells more proliferatively aggressive, treatment opportunities remain limited. Sulfatide has the potential to be a p-selectin inhibitor, as it is a p-selectin-binding molecule that has an antimetastatic effect. Sulfatide mimicking material has previously been studied by sulfonation and acylation of chitosan. It was evaluated as an anticancer drug carrier because it did not have cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. In this study, a sulfatide-like molecule was obtained using alginate and it was found to have a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The compound that is newly synthesized in the presented article is an alternative to the group of sulfatide-like compounds that we have previously studied, which are thought to have an antimetastatic effect. The molecular disruption of the apoptosis mechanism in cancerous tissues leads to the resistance of cancerous cells to apoptosis, which in turn promotes cancer progression. For this reason, cancer studies focus on cell death, that is, apoptosis, as well as on cell proliferation. This study is the first to combine the simultaneous sulfation and acylation of alginate with the addition of magnetism, despite previous research on the sulfation, acylation, and alkylation of alginate (M-SA-SULF-A) and analysed it by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a mastersizer. Then we aim to examine the effect of newly modified magnetic stearic acid on apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by looking at the expressions of apoptosis-and metastatasis related genes through an array kit, and to reveal the molecular pathways that cause modified alginate’s anti-cancer activity. Thus, we determined that magnetic stearic acid modified sulfated alginate may be an anti-cancer agent by regulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis.

乳腺癌是 2022 年导致妇女死亡的第一大癌症类型,死亡率为 6.9%。根据世界卫生组织 2024 年的数据,2022 年有 665 684 名妇女死于乳腺癌。癌症转移是癌症致死的主要原因。由于导致转移的基因突变会导致与增殖相关的基因表达和蛋白质水平发生变化,从而使癌细胞更具增殖攻击性,因此治疗机会仍然有限。硫肽有可能成为一种 p-选择素抑制剂,因为它是一种具有抗转移作用的 p-选择素结合分子。以前曾通过壳聚糖的磺化和酰化作用研究过硫酰胺模拟材料。由于它对癌细胞没有细胞毒性作用,因此被评估为抗癌药物载体。在这项研究中,利用海藻酸盐获得了一种类似硫化物的分子,并发现它对癌细胞具有细胞毒性作用。本文中新合成的化合物是我们以前研究过的硫化物类化合物的一种替代品,我们认为这类化合物具有抗转移作用。癌组织中凋亡机制的分子破坏导致了癌细胞对凋亡的抵抗,进而促进了癌症的发展。因此,癌症研究在关注细胞凋亡的同时,也关注细胞增殖。尽管之前有关于海藻酸盐硫酸化、酰化和烷基化(M-SA-SULF-A)的研究,但本研究首次将海藻酸盐的硫酸化和酰化同时与添加磁性相结合,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR FT-IR)、振动样品磁力计(VSM)和母液分析仪进行分析。然后,我们旨在通过阵列试剂盒观察凋亡和转移相关基因的表达,研究新改性的磁性硬脂酸对 MCF-7 细胞凋亡的影响,并揭示导致改性海藻酸抗癌活性的分子途径。因此,我们确定磁性硬脂酸修饰硫酸化海藻酸盐可能是一种通过调节与细胞凋亡相关的基因表达来抗癌的药物。
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引用次数: 0
A New Use of Polysorbate-Type Nonionic Surfactants as Plasticizers for Highly Flexible Poly(lactide) Formulations 将聚山梨醇酯类非离子表面活性剂作为增塑剂用于高柔韧性聚乳酸配方的新用途
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03396-1
J. J. Gazquez-Navarro, D. Garcia-Sanoguera, R. Balart, D. Garcia-Garcia, J. Gomez-Caturla

Polysorbates are non-ionic amphiphilic organic compounds, widely used as surfactants. They have a molecular weight in the 1200–1400 g mol−1 range, so they are on the borderline between monomeric and polymeric plasticizers. Therefore, they can potentially provide the benefits of both plasticizer types. In this work, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 20), and polyethylene glycol monooleate (Tween® 80) are proposed as environmentally friendly plasticizers for PLA with enhanced ductile properties. The addition of 20 wt% of polysorbates into a PLA matrix, leads to a noticeable increase in elongation at break, from 4.0% (neat PLA) up to values around 180%. The plasticization efficiency was assessed by the decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg), from 61.0 ºC (neat PLA) down to such los values of 29.5 ºC, and 36.6 ºC, for plasticized PLA formulations with 30 wt% Tween® 20, and 30 wt% Tween® 80, respectively. Moreover, due to the high molecular weight of polysorbates, they are not highly volatile, which allows processing PLA by conventional extrusion and injection molding without plasticizer volatilization. This works widens the industrial applications of polysorbates, as cost-effective, highly efficient and environmentally friendly plasticizers for PLA with enhanced toughness.

聚山梨醇酯是一种非离子两性有机化合物,广泛用作表面活性剂。它们的分子量在 1200-1400 g mol-1 之间,因此介于单体增塑剂和聚合增塑剂之间。因此,它们有可能兼具两种增塑剂的优点。本研究提出聚乙二醇山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯(Tween® 20)和聚乙二醇单油酸酯(Tween® 80)作为聚乳酸的环境友好型增塑剂,可增强延展性能。在聚乳酸基体中添加 20 wt%的聚山梨醇酯后,断裂伸长率明显增加,从 4.0%(纯聚乳酸)增加到 180% 左右。对于含有 30 wt% Tween® 20 和 30 wt% Tween® 80 的增塑聚乳酸制剂,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)分别从 61.0 ºC(纯聚乳酸)降至 29.5 ºC 和 36.6 ºC。此外,由于聚山梨醇酯的分子量较高,挥发性不强,因此可以采用传统的挤出和注塑工艺加工聚乳酸,而不会产生增塑剂挥发。这项研究拓宽了聚山梨醇酯的工业应用领域,使其成为具有成本效益、高效和环保的增塑剂,用于生产韧性更强的聚乳酸。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of Zirconium Phosphate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Hydrogel for Cu2+ Removal 制备用于去除 Cu2+ 的磷酸锆/羧甲基纤维素复合水凝胶
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03387-2
Xue-Li Liu, Zhi-Peng Xie, Chun-Feng Zhu

Zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite hydrogels were prepared through graft copolymerization by the easily scaling-up method. The α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels were characterized through FI-IR, SEM (EDS-SEM), XRD, TGA, BET, swelling and zeta potential measurements. The adsorption of Cu2+ by α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels in aqueous solutions was also studied. The results show that α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels have great adsorption capacity for Cu2+. The analysis results indicated that the adsorption mechanisms of α-ZrP/CMC hydrogel on Cu2+ are mainly through the electrostatic interaction. The adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9953) and Quasi-second order kinetic model (R2 = 1). Under the experimental conditions explored, the optimal amount of α-ZrP and the DS of CMC are chosen as 0.5 wt% and 1.2, and the adsorption capacity of ZrP-0.5%-CMC-1.2 hydrogel for Cu2+ is 121.21 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics studies were also conducted to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Therefore, α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels present excellent adsorption efficiency, shows the potential application in future treatment of Cu2+ wastewater.

通过接枝共聚法制备了磷酸锆(α-ZrP)/羧甲基纤维素(CMC)复合水凝胶。通过 FI-IR、SEM(EDS-SEM)、XRD、TGA、BET、膨胀率和 zeta 电位测量对 α-ZrP/CMC 水凝胶进行了表征。还研究了水溶液中 α-ZrP/CMC 水凝胶对 Cu2+ 的吸附。结果表明,α-ZrP/CMC 水凝胶对 Cu2+ 有很强的吸附能力。分析结果表明,α-ZrP/CMC 水凝胶对 Cu2+ 的吸附机理主要是通过静电作用。吸附过程符合 Langmuir 模型(R2 = 0.9953)和准二阶动力学模型(R2 = 1)。在实验条件下,α-ZrP 的最佳用量和 CMC 的 DS 分别为 0.5 wt% 和 1.2,ZrP-0.5%-CMC-1.2 水凝胶对 Cu2+ 的吸附量为 121.21 mg/g。为了研究吸附机理,还进行了吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学研究。因此,α-ZrP/CMC 水凝胶具有优异的吸附效率,在未来处理 Cu2+ 废水中具有潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Zwitterion Adsorbent of Crosslinked Chitosan-Benzil/Algae/Coal Fly Ash for Anionic (Remazol Brilliant Blue R) and Cationic (Thionine) Dyes Removal: Box–Behnken Design Optimization 交联壳聚糖-苯偶酰/藻类/煤粉灰用于去除阴离子(雷马唑艳蓝 R)和阳离子(硫氨酸)染料的齐聚物吸附剂:箱式贝肯设计优化
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-024-03388-1
Ruihong Wu, Ali H. Jawad, Elmira Kashi, Salis Auwal Musa, Zeid A. ALOthman

In this work, a zwitterion adsorbent which consists of crosslinked chitosan-benzil/algae/coal fly ash (CS-BZ/Alg/FA) was developed for the removal of two structurally different anionic dye (remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR)) and a cationic dye (thionine (THN)). The physicochemical characteristics of CS-BZ/Alg/FA were investigated by several analytical techniques including specific surface area, XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDX analyses. Moreover, response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD) was adopted as a statistical tool to optimize the adsorption operational parameters for THN and RBBR dyes removal. Thus, the optimal adsorption conditions were determined as follows: CS-BZ/Alg/FA dose of 0.1 g/100 mL, solution pH 10 for THN, and solution pH 4 for RBBR. Adsorption equilibrium isotherm data for RBBR and THN dyes by CS-BZ/Alg/FA were well described by Freundlich (multilayer adsorption) and Langmuir (monolayer adsorption) isotherm models respectively. Thus, the maximum adsorption capacities of CS-BZ/Alg/FA towards THN and RBBR were found to be 69.0 mg/g and 259.9 mg/g, respectively at 25 °C. Moreover, the pseudo second order model accurately represents the kinetic data for the adsorption of both THN and RBBR dyes. The adsorption thermodynamic functions indicate the adsorption process of THN and RBBR was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Ultimately, this research presents the CS-BZ/Alg/FA as an eco-friendly amphoteric adsorbent with preferable capability for capturing anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous environment.

本研究开发了一种由交联壳聚糖-苯齐/藻类/粉煤灰(CS-BZ/Alg/FA)组成的齐聚物吸附剂,用于去除两种结构不同的阴离子染料(雷马唑艳蓝 R (RBBR))和一种阳离子染料(硫氨酸 (THN))。通过比表面积、XRD、FTIR、FESEM 和 EDX 分析等多种分析技术研究了 CS-BZ/Alg/FA 的理化特性。此外,还采用了响应面方法和方框-贝肯设计(RSM-BBD)作为统计工具,以优化去除 THN 和 RBBR 染料的吸附操作参数。因此,最佳吸附条件确定如下:CS-BZ/Alg/FA 剂量为 0.1 g/100 mL,THN 的溶液 pH 值为 10,RBBR 的溶液 pH 值为 4。CS-BZ/Alg/FA 对 RBBR 和 THN 染料的吸附平衡等温线数据分别用 Freundlich(多层吸附)和 Langmuir(单层吸附)等温线模型进行了很好的描述。因此,在 25 °C 时,CS-BZ/Alg/FA 对 THN 和 RBBR 的最大吸附容量分别为 69.0 mg/g 和 259.9 mg/g。此外,伪二阶模型准确地反映了 THN 和 RBBR 染料的吸附动力学数据。吸附热力学函数表明,THN 和 RBBR 的吸附过程具有自发和内热的性质。最终,这项研究表明 CS-BZ/Alg/FA 是一种环保型两性吸附剂,具有从水环境中捕捉阴离子和阳离子染料的优越性能。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Polymers and the Environment
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