Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1999.800197
K.A. Gamache, P.E. Fogel
Significant advances have been made in sensors and systems to monitor the ocean environment over the last few years. These sensors and systems are becoming increasingly complex. AOSN (autonomous ocean sampling network) is a good example, with a network of cooperating autonomous underwater vehicles sampling a volume rather than a single plane of the ocean. In addition, these sensors and systems are being placed in increasingly remote regions. Telemetry systems such as INMARSAT, MSAT/AMSC, and GOES are either too costly, provide only limited ocean coverage, or support limited throughput. ARGOS provides the necessary coverage, but it is one-way with very limited throughput. Without significant advances in oceanographic telemetry, it will not be possible to take advantage of the benefits of these new sensors and systems. Help is on the horizon. There is considerable excitement and interest in new and planned satellite systems, especially low Earth orbit (LEO) systems. This paper discusses the disadvantages of these systems for oceanographic applications and describes an alternative based on existing geosynchronous satellites, the Oceanographic DataLink (ODL). ODL is based on existing geosynchronous satellites and is not dependent on the financial success of a complex network of satellites. It provides the lowest cost, lowest risk solution for remote environmental data collection required for the next generation of sensors and systems. This paper describes the system, the underlying technology, and possible applications including moored and drifting buoys and long endurance autonomous underwater vehicle applications it compares this system to current and planned systems and describes its benefits for global environmental data collection.
{"title":"Oceanographic DataLink","authors":"K.A. Gamache, P.E. Fogel","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1999.800197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1999.800197","url":null,"abstract":"Significant advances have been made in sensors and systems to monitor the ocean environment over the last few years. These sensors and systems are becoming increasingly complex. AOSN (autonomous ocean sampling network) is a good example, with a network of cooperating autonomous underwater vehicles sampling a volume rather than a single plane of the ocean. In addition, these sensors and systems are being placed in increasingly remote regions. Telemetry systems such as INMARSAT, MSAT/AMSC, and GOES are either too costly, provide only limited ocean coverage, or support limited throughput. ARGOS provides the necessary coverage, but it is one-way with very limited throughput. Without significant advances in oceanographic telemetry, it will not be possible to take advantage of the benefits of these new sensors and systems. Help is on the horizon. There is considerable excitement and interest in new and planned satellite systems, especially low Earth orbit (LEO) systems. This paper discusses the disadvantages of these systems for oceanographic applications and describes an alternative based on existing geosynchronous satellites, the Oceanographic DataLink (ODL). ODL is based on existing geosynchronous satellites and is not dependent on the financial success of a complex network of satellites. It provides the lowest cost, lowest risk solution for remote environmental data collection required for the next generation of sensors and systems. This paper describes the system, the underlying technology, and possible applications including moored and drifting buoys and long endurance autonomous underwater vehicle applications it compares this system to current and planned systems and describes its benefits for global environmental data collection.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"11 1","pages":"1395-1403 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87055311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881820
B. Haus, H. Graber
Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) have been widely applied to coastal zone current measurements. However riverine tides, estuarine outflows, and eddies, exhibit non-stationary characteristics which invalidate the basic assumptions of these methods. Wavelet analysis techniques can be used to determine the temporal evolution of ocean current variance over a range of frequency scales and therefore can provide an improved understanding of event-driven dynamics. To investigate the characteristics of this type of analysis, a simulated vortex was advected through a region consistent with a High-Frequency (HF) radar domain. Morlet continuous-wavelet transforms, bi-orthogonal discrete wavelet transforms, FFTs, EOPs and digital filtering techniques were applied to multiple vector time-series collected within the simulation domain. The stationary spectral analysis methods did not resolve the eddy well due to the distribution of the energy throughout the observation period. Band-pass filtering of each point created spurious anti-cyclonic eddy motions both preceding and following the simulated eddy. Morlet wavelets were shown to localize the vortex energy in both space and time, with a characteristic dipole pattern due to the axis of clockwise/counterclockwise rotational symmetry along the eddy path. Morlet and bi-orthogonal wavelet transforms were then applied to measurements from a HP Doppler radar deployed off the lower Florida Keys in May, 1994 when several sub-mesoscale eddies were observed. The wavelet energy demonstrated the characteristic dipole observed in the simulations, although little advection was observed in the real data.
{"title":"Analysis of non-stationary vector fields using wavelet transforms","authors":"B. Haus, H. Graber","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881820","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) and empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) have been widely applied to coastal zone current measurements. However riverine tides, estuarine outflows, and eddies, exhibit non-stationary characteristics which invalidate the basic assumptions of these methods. Wavelet analysis techniques can be used to determine the temporal evolution of ocean current variance over a range of frequency scales and therefore can provide an improved understanding of event-driven dynamics. To investigate the characteristics of this type of analysis, a simulated vortex was advected through a region consistent with a High-Frequency (HF) radar domain. Morlet continuous-wavelet transforms, bi-orthogonal discrete wavelet transforms, FFTs, EOPs and digital filtering techniques were applied to multiple vector time-series collected within the simulation domain. The stationary spectral analysis methods did not resolve the eddy well due to the distribution of the energy throughout the observation period. Band-pass filtering of each point created spurious anti-cyclonic eddy motions both preceding and following the simulated eddy. Morlet wavelets were shown to localize the vortex energy in both space and time, with a characteristic dipole pattern due to the axis of clockwise/counterclockwise rotational symmetry along the eddy path. Morlet and bi-orthogonal wavelet transforms were then applied to measurements from a HP Doppler radar deployed off the lower Florida Keys in May, 1994 when several sub-mesoscale eddies were observed. The wavelet energy demonstrated the characteristic dipole observed in the simulations, although little advection was observed in the real data.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"69 1","pages":"1521-1527 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882168
S. Freeman, J. Green
Aluminum is experiencing a resurgence in use in the marine environment. The natural attributes of the metal, i.e. its lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance, together with the newer class of fast ferries and the growth of the cruising industry have sparked this interest. The advent of friction stir welding is likely to further accelerate this growth.
{"title":"Aluminum in the marine environment: an update","authors":"S. Freeman, J. Green","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882168","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum is experiencing a resurgence in use in the marine environment. The natural attributes of the metal, i.e. its lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance, together with the newer class of fast ferries and the growth of the cruising industry have sparked this interest. The advent of friction stir welding is likely to further accelerate this growth.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"16 1","pages":"1591-1595 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73731548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881234
M. B. Wiley, J. Case, R. Wells, R. Morton
The efficient, cost effective installation of marine telecommunications cables depends on accurate, reliable desktop studies that assist in the planning and facilitate the design of these vital routes for worldwide telecommunications. OceanExplorer, a tool developed and used by SAIC, generates a desktop study (DTS) that includes the route position-including associated site specific data (e.g., topographic, seismic, bathymetric, etc.)-and the cable engineering information necessary to initiate the cable design and installation process. It is desktop on-demand published and delivered on a web site. OceanExplorer's ability to refine elements of the initial desktop study as more site-specific information is identified makes it the ideal tool for the iterative process of route planning and cable design. SAIC has developed and is using OceanExplorer to conduct desktop studies for the telecommunications industry and government undersea cable projects. OceanExplorer also has significant potential application in the planning and design of pipeline routes for the oil and gas industry. OceanExplorer incorporates graphical displays of numerous site-specific elements that help determine the final position of the cable route. It automatically creates basemaps with global topography, seismicity, volcanism, coastlines, rivers, lakes, and political boundaries. It also can display global coverage for sediment thickness, crustal age and geological hazards.
{"title":"OceanExplorer-a web-based tool for cable route planning and design","authors":"M. B. Wiley, J. Case, R. Wells, R. Morton","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881234","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient, cost effective installation of marine telecommunications cables depends on accurate, reliable desktop studies that assist in the planning and facilitate the design of these vital routes for worldwide telecommunications. OceanExplorer, a tool developed and used by SAIC, generates a desktop study (DTS) that includes the route position-including associated site specific data (e.g., topographic, seismic, bathymetric, etc.)-and the cable engineering information necessary to initiate the cable design and installation process. It is desktop on-demand published and delivered on a web site. OceanExplorer's ability to refine elements of the initial desktop study as more site-specific information is identified makes it the ideal tool for the iterative process of route planning and cable design. SAIC has developed and is using OceanExplorer to conduct desktop studies for the telecommunications industry and government undersea cable projects. OceanExplorer also has significant potential application in the planning and design of pipeline routes for the oil and gas industry. OceanExplorer incorporates graphical displays of numerous site-specific elements that help determine the final position of the cable route. It automatically creates basemaps with global topography, seismicity, volcanism, coastlines, rivers, lakes, and political boundaries. It also can display global coverage for sediment thickness, crustal age and geological hazards.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"19 1","pages":"55-64 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74526384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881766
D. Davis
MBARI, a nonprofit, privately funded research institute devoted to the development of technology to support research in ocean sciences has been developing systems for long term environmental monitoring in Monterey Bay since 1987. The institute has initiated a project for expanding its ocean observing system capabilities through an expansion of existing moored data acquisition systems as well as the additional use of a benthic network, ROV and AUV based data acquisition systems. The goal of this project is to provide semi-continuous observations of important physical, biological, and chemical variables extended in space and time to support event detection, such as the onset of an El Nino, as well as support for focused intermediate-term process studies. In addition to the problems associated with managing a large variety and quantity of data associated to systems of this nature, there is the additional problem of how to optimize the data sampling topology. That is, what spacing and frequency of the system measurement resources will best meet the specific scientific goals of researchers using the system. Given the enormous cost of developing and deploying high technology instrumentation and systems a modest effort to understand, and to develop a sampling methodology for such systems is clearly warranted. In this paper, an approach to the multi-dimensional sampling problem based on data compression is developed. The method is empirically based and does not depend on, or require, assumptions about the underlying data field or processes. The approach can also be used by a system to analyze its own sampling efficiency, and adjust sampling rates and spacing (assuming the system has this capability) for improved efficiency and accuracy. The methodology is illustrated with practical applications to one-dimensional bio-chemical data from the WOCE program, as well as prototypical multi-dimensional problems for the MBARI Ocean Observing System (MOOS).
{"title":"A data compression and sampling methodology for ocean observing systems","authors":"D. Davis","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881766","url":null,"abstract":"MBARI, a nonprofit, privately funded research institute devoted to the development of technology to support research in ocean sciences has been developing systems for long term environmental monitoring in Monterey Bay since 1987. The institute has initiated a project for expanding its ocean observing system capabilities through an expansion of existing moored data acquisition systems as well as the additional use of a benthic network, ROV and AUV based data acquisition systems. The goal of this project is to provide semi-continuous observations of important physical, biological, and chemical variables extended in space and time to support event detection, such as the onset of an El Nino, as well as support for focused intermediate-term process studies. In addition to the problems associated with managing a large variety and quantity of data associated to systems of this nature, there is the additional problem of how to optimize the data sampling topology. That is, what spacing and frequency of the system measurement resources will best meet the specific scientific goals of researchers using the system. Given the enormous cost of developing and deploying high technology instrumentation and systems a modest effort to understand, and to develop a sampling methodology for such systems is clearly warranted. In this paper, an approach to the multi-dimensional sampling problem based on data compression is developed. The method is empirically based and does not depend on, or require, assumptions about the underlying data field or processes. The approach can also be used by a system to analyze its own sampling efficiency, and adjust sampling rates and spacing (assuming the system has this capability) for improved efficiency and accuracy. The methodology is illustrated with practical applications to one-dimensional bio-chemical data from the WOCE program, as well as prototypical multi-dimensional problems for the MBARI Ocean Observing System (MOOS).","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"161 1","pages":"1219-1225 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73939603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881276
P. Shaw, W. Pettus
In today's Global Positioning System (GPS) dependent world, some have the notion that navigation is simply and almost solely accomplished through the use of GPS. While GPS is and will continue to be an excellent navigation system, it is neither flawless nor is it the only system employed in the navigation of today's seagoing war fighters. The modern war fighter must operate with dominant maneuverability, precision engagement capability, full dimensional protection and focused logistics. In order to meet these requirements an integration of independent, self-contained, self-initiated and externally referenced systems must be realized. The Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) AN/SSN-6 (V) is a system that provides this capability through the real time collection, processing and distribution of accurate and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) data from varied shipboard sensors and systems. NAVSSI adds to this an electronic navigation capability that provides the ship navigation team with route planning, route monitoring and safety of navigation capabilities. The NAVSSI system is actually an integration of subsystems. The realtime subsystem (RTS) which collects, processes and distributes the PNT data uses a set of navigation source integration algorithms to blend input data from sensors such as GPS and inertial navigation systems (INS) to produce a highly accurate and robust navigation solution. When required, this solution is referenced to the own ship's reference point (OSRP). The display control subsystem (DCS) provides the operator interface to the RTS. It also contains the electronic charting and navigation capabilities as well as a radar interface and chart product distribution capability. The charting software used is the United States Coast Guard developed Command Display and Control Integrated Navigation System (COMDAC INS). The DCS and COMDAC INS software packages are built on the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE) and together will enable NAVSSI to lead the way to Electronic Chart Display Information System Navy (ECDIS-N) compliance.
{"title":"An integrated approach to electronic navigation","authors":"P. Shaw, W. Pettus","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881276","url":null,"abstract":"In today's Global Positioning System (GPS) dependent world, some have the notion that navigation is simply and almost solely accomplished through the use of GPS. While GPS is and will continue to be an excellent navigation system, it is neither flawless nor is it the only system employed in the navigation of today's seagoing war fighters. The modern war fighter must operate with dominant maneuverability, precision engagement capability, full dimensional protection and focused logistics. In order to meet these requirements an integration of independent, self-contained, self-initiated and externally referenced systems must be realized. The Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) AN/SSN-6 (V) is a system that provides this capability through the real time collection, processing and distribution of accurate and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) data from varied shipboard sensors and systems. NAVSSI adds to this an electronic navigation capability that provides the ship navigation team with route planning, route monitoring and safety of navigation capabilities. The NAVSSI system is actually an integration of subsystems. The realtime subsystem (RTS) which collects, processes and distributes the PNT data uses a set of navigation source integration algorithms to blend input data from sensors such as GPS and inertial navigation systems (INS) to produce a highly accurate and robust navigation solution. When required, this solution is referenced to the own ship's reference point (OSRP). The display control subsystem (DCS) provides the operator interface to the RTS. It also contains the electronic charting and navigation capabilities as well as a radar interface and chart product distribution capability. The charting software used is the United States Coast Guard developed Command Display and Control Integrated Navigation System (COMDAC INS). The DCS and COMDAC INS software packages are built on the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE) and together will enable NAVSSI to lead the way to Electronic Chart Display Information System Navy (ECDIS-N) compliance.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"46 1","pages":"299-308 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77567356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881817
S. Kay
The formation of acoustic images in real-time requires an enormous computational burden. To alleviate this demand the use of sparse arrays for beamforming is mandated. The design of these arrays for adequate mainlobe width and low sidelobe level is a difficult nonlinear optimization problem. A new approach to the joint optimization of sensor placement and shading weights is discussed. Based on the concept of importance sampling the optimization method is presented and some examples given to illustrate its effectiveness.
{"title":"Design of sparse linear arrays by Monte Carlo importance sampling","authors":"S. Kay","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881817","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of acoustic images in real-time requires an enormous computational burden. To alleviate this demand the use of sparse arrays for beamforming is mandated. The design of these arrays for adequate mainlobe width and low sidelobe level is a difficult nonlinear optimization problem. A new approach to the joint optimization of sensor placement and shading weights is discussed. Based on the concept of importance sampling the optimization method is presented and some examples given to illustrate its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"9 1","pages":"1501-1507 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84189856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882189
C. Kohler, W. Hansen
The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) designed, fabricated, and installed meteorological "black boxes" (MBB) at nine Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations around the southeast U.S. as part of the Hurricanes-at-Landfall (HAL) project. HAL was funded in cooperation with the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division (AOML/HRD) to develop the capability to retrieve high-quality meteorological data during the approach and passage of land-falling tropical storms and hurricanes to improve the analyses and forecasts of the pattern, extent, and intensity of damaging winds associated with them. The project also included photographic documentation of these nine stations to determine influences of upstream wind disturbances in the vicinity of these stations. During the hurricane season of 1999, data were recovered from the MBBs at three C-MAN stations following the passages of Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene. The data are currently being analyzed by AOML/HRD. A sample of the data are provided in this paper.
{"title":"Design and performance of the Hurricanes-at-Landfall equipment","authors":"C. Kohler, W. Hansen","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882189","url":null,"abstract":"The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) designed, fabricated, and installed meteorological \"black boxes\" (MBB) at nine Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations around the southeast U.S. as part of the Hurricanes-at-Landfall (HAL) project. HAL was funded in cooperation with the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory/Hurricane Research Division (AOML/HRD) to develop the capability to retrieve high-quality meteorological data during the approach and passage of land-falling tropical storms and hurricanes to improve the analyses and forecasts of the pattern, extent, and intensity of damaging winds associated with them. The project also included photographic documentation of these nine stations to determine influences of upstream wind disturbances in the vicinity of these stations. During the hurricane season of 1999, data were recovered from the MBBs at three C-MAN stations following the passages of Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene. The data are currently being analyzed by AOML/HRD. A sample of the data are provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"7 1","pages":"1723-1725 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80851695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882238
V. Babenko, V. Korobov, V. Moroz
Based on long-term experience of study of swimming hydrobionts the principles and recommendations for shaping exterior contours and movers of autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles are explained. The outcome of an experimental research of a swimming velocity, kinematics of movement, and other performances of various aspect hydrobionts are reduced. The complexes of hydrodynamic parameters permitting us to execute modeling of separate properties of hydrobionts independently from a swimming velocity are obtained also. The authors consider the form of a body hydrobiont and separate its parts in a comparison with the known shapes of engineering air-hydrodynamic profiles. The experimental results of a research of a structure and properties of outside covers of hydrobionts given. The results of an experimental research of various models of outside covers reducing the resistance of friction are analyzed. The analysis of kinematic performances and principles of work of various type hydrobionts movers are carried out. The various schemes of autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles taking into account above-mentioned property hydrobionts are happened.
{"title":"Bionics principles in hydrodynamics of automotive unmanned underwater vehicles","authors":"V. Babenko, V. Korobov, V. Moroz","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882238","url":null,"abstract":"Based on long-term experience of study of swimming hydrobionts the principles and recommendations for shaping exterior contours and movers of autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles are explained. The outcome of an experimental research of a swimming velocity, kinematics of movement, and other performances of various aspect hydrobionts are reduced. The complexes of hydrodynamic parameters permitting us to execute modeling of separate properties of hydrobionts independently from a swimming velocity are obtained also. The authors consider the form of a body hydrobiont and separate its parts in a comparison with the known shapes of engineering air-hydrodynamic profiles. The experimental results of a research of a structure and properties of outside covers of hydrobionts given. The results of an experimental research of various models of outside covers reducing the resistance of friction are analyzed. The analysis of kinematic performances and principles of work of various type hydrobionts movers are carried out. The various schemes of autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles taking into account above-mentioned property hydrobionts are happened.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"11 1","pages":"2031-2036 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-11DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881729
Y. Furushima, T. Komatsu, M. Okamoto
In shallow waters, such as coral reef or seagrass regions, the water motion is one very important factor for the surrounding marine organisms. In these areas it is very difficult to measure the water current with conventional current meters due to the sensor size and topography. To measure currents in shallow waters, a plaster ball technique has been already used. A plaster ball is constituted of a sphere made of plaster (diameter of about 4.0 cm), and a steel bar (length of about 30 cm). Thus, it can be set up not only at many points in the patch reef, but also in coastal regions. This technique to measure time-averaged intensity of water motion is already well known, and could be also valid to measure the water motion in seagrass, seaweed beds and coral reef regions. However, plaster balls are usable only for 2 or 3 consecutive days. The purpose of this study is to improve the material of plaster balls to make them usable for longer periods. The authors tested six different types of plaster balls: viz. plaster for dental use type 1, 2, and 3, polymer type, cement type, and paint type. They estimated the resolution rate using each plaster ball and normal plaster balls in the coral reef region by corroborating the measurements with those observed by electromagnetic current meters. Their experimental results in a patch reef in the Sekisei lagoon (Okinawa prefecture, Japan) indicated that the measurements could be possible for about one-week or ten days when using a sensor with cement in the plaster.
{"title":"Attempt to achieve simple measurements of water motion in shallow areas","authors":"Y. Furushima, T. Komatsu, M. Okamoto","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881729","url":null,"abstract":"In shallow waters, such as coral reef or seagrass regions, the water motion is one very important factor for the surrounding marine organisms. In these areas it is very difficult to measure the water current with conventional current meters due to the sensor size and topography. To measure currents in shallow waters, a plaster ball technique has been already used. A plaster ball is constituted of a sphere made of plaster (diameter of about 4.0 cm), and a steel bar (length of about 30 cm). Thus, it can be set up not only at many points in the patch reef, but also in coastal regions. This technique to measure time-averaged intensity of water motion is already well known, and could be also valid to measure the water motion in seagrass, seaweed beds and coral reef regions. However, plaster balls are usable only for 2 or 3 consecutive days. The purpose of this study is to improve the material of plaster balls to make them usable for longer periods. The authors tested six different types of plaster balls: viz. plaster for dental use type 1, 2, and 3, polymer type, cement type, and paint type. They estimated the resolution rate using each plaster ball and normal plaster balls in the coral reef region by corroborating the measurements with those observed by electromagnetic current meters. Their experimental results in a patch reef in the Sekisei lagoon (Okinawa prefecture, Japan) indicated that the measurements could be possible for about one-week or ten days when using a sensor with cement in the plaster.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"31 1","pages":"993-997 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85846603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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