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2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)最新文献

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Teleoperated Robot Coaching for Mindfulness Training: A Longitudinal Study 遥控机器人正念训练辅导:一项纵向研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515371
I. Bodala, Nikhil Churamani, H. Gunes
Social robots are becoming incorporated in daily human lives, assisting in the promotion of the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals. To investigate the design and use of social robots for delivering mindfulness training, we develop a teleoperation framework that enables an experienced Human Coach (HC) to conduct mindfulness training sessions virtually, by replicating their upper-body and head movements onto the Pepper robot, in real-time. Pepper’s vision is mapped onto a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) worn by the HC and a bidirectional audio pipeline is set up, enabling the HC to communicate with the participants through the robot. To evaluate the participants’ perceptions of the teleoperated Robot Coach (RC), we study the interactions between a group of participants and the RC over 5 weeks and compare these with another group of participants interacting directly with the HC. Growth modelling analysis of this longitudinal data shows that the HC ratings are consistently greater than 4 (on a scale of 1 5) for all aspects while an increase is witnessed in the RC ratings over the weeks, for the Robot Motion and Conversation dimensions. Mindfulness training delivered by both types of coaching evokes positive responses from the participants across all the sessions, with the HC rated significantly higher than the RC on Animacy, Likeability and Perceived Intelligence. Participants’ personality traits such as Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are found to influence their perception of the RC. These findings enable an understanding of the differences between the perceptions of HC and RC delivering mindfulness training, and provide insights towards the development of robot coaches for improving the psychological wellbeing of individuals.
社交机器人正逐渐融入人类的日常生活,帮助促进个人的身心健康。为了研究社交机器人提供正念训练的设计和使用,我们开发了一个远程操作框架,使经验丰富的人类教练(HC)能够通过将他们的上半身和头部运动实时复制到Pepper机器人上,从而虚拟地进行正念训练课程。Pepper的视觉被映射到HC佩戴的头戴式显示器(HMD)上,并建立了双向音频管道,使HC能够通过机器人与参与者交流。为了评估参与者对遥控机器人教练(RC)的看法,我们研究了一组参与者在5周内与RC之间的互动,并将其与另一组直接与HC互动的参与者进行了比较。纵向数据的增长模型分析表明,在所有方面,HC评级始终大于4(在15的尺度上),而在几周内,机器人运动和对话维度的RC评级有所增加。两种教练提供的正念训练在所有的课程中都引起了参与者的积极反应,HC的评分明显高于RC的Animacy, Likeability和Perceived Intelligence。研究发现,被试的尽责性和神经质等人格特质会影响他们对RC的认知。这些发现有助于理解HC和RC提供正念训练的认知差异,并为机器人教练的发展提供见解,以改善个人的心理健康。
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引用次数: 16
Maximizing Legibility in Stochastic Environments 在随机环境中最大化易读性
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515318
Shuwa Miura, A. Cohen, S. Zilberstein
Making an agent’s intentions clear from its observed behavior is crucial for seamless human-agent interaction and for increased transparency and trust in AI systems. Existing methods that address this challenge and maximize legibility of behaviors are limited to deterministic domains. We develop a technique for maximizing legibility in stochastic environments and illustrate that using legibility as an objective improves interpretability of agent behavior in several scenarios. We provide initial empirical evidence that human subjects can better interpret legible behavior.
从观察到的行为中明确智能体的意图对于无缝的人与智能体交互以及增加人工智能系统的透明度和信任至关重要。解决这一挑战和最大化行为易读性的现有方法仅限于确定性领域。我们开发了一种在随机环境中最大化易读性的技术,并说明在几种情况下使用易读性作为目标可以提高智能体行为的可解释性。我们提供了初步的经验证据,证明人类受试者可以更好地解释可读的行为。
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引用次数: 5
Proposing Remote Video Conversation System "PARAPPA": Delivering the Gesture and Body Posture with Rotary Screen* 远程视频对话系统“PARAPPA”:用旋转屏幕传递手势和身体姿势*
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515454
Koki Ijuin, Kunihiro Ogata, Kentaro Watanabe, H. Miwa, Yoshinobu Yamamoto
Globalization and the effect of recent infectious disease are changing the remote conversations as a new normal in business meetings, social provision and casual chatting. Previous research show that the remote conversations have a difficulty on showing the presence or attention to the other interlocutors, especially in the situation where the majority of interlocutor share the same place and one or a few interlocutor participate from difference place. This paper proposed "Parappa", a remote video conversation system, for those unbalanced condition by utilizing both physical and virtual approaches to share the nonverbal behaviors of remotely-participating interlocutor. The proposed system is constructed with a rotatable screen which projects the life-size avatar of remote interlocutor. The rotation of the screen represents the body posture and the projected avatar show the gesture. The results of preliminary analyses of eye gaze activities and frequency of the screen rotation during conversation suggests the possibilities that proposed system enables to show the presence of remote interlocutors.
全球化和最近的传染病的影响正在改变远程对话作为商务会议、社交活动和休闲聊天的新常态。以往的研究表明,远程对话在向其他对话者展示存在或关注方面存在困难,特别是在大多数对话者在同一地点,而一个或几个对话者在不同地点参与的情况下。针对这些不平衡的情况,本文提出了“Parappa”远程视频会话系统,利用物理和虚拟两种方式共享远程参与对话者的非语言行为。该系统由一个可旋转的屏幕构成,该屏幕投射出远程对话者的真人大小的化身。屏幕的旋转代表身体的姿势,而投影的化身则显示姿势。对对话期间眼睛注视活动和屏幕旋转频率的初步分析结果表明,所提议的系统能够显示远程对话者的存在。
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引用次数: 1
An empirical study of how much a social robot increases the rate of valid responses in a questionnaire survey 一项关于社交机器人在问卷调查中提高有效回复率的实证研究
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515364
Taiga Natori, T. Iio
In this paper, we report that how much the presence of a robot increases the rate of valid responses in a questionnaire survey. We conducted a field trial in a university campus based on a single-case design method that is used in applied behavior analysis. We made two conditions: One was a condition that a robot interacting with people was installed (robot condition), and another was a condition that the robot was not installed (no-robot condition). We measured once a day for eight days, each day lasting 125 minutes from 11:25 to 13:30. The robot condition and the no-robot condition were assigned alternately to each day. The robot was controlled by an operator. The results showed that the valid response rates of the robot condition were 8.9%, 3.8%, 6.1%, and 1.9%, and those of the no-robot condition were 4.9%, 3.7%, 3.1%, and 1.8%. Considering both these results and complete answer rates, we found that although a robot can attract people’s attention and increase the response rates a little and short-term, the valid response rates do not increase so much as we expect because people who are attracted by the robot are likely to quit answering the questionnaire halfway. In order to increase the valid response rates, we will need to consider a new interaction design for preventing people from quitting their answer.
在本文中,我们报告了机器人的存在在多大程度上增加了问卷调查中的有效回复率。我们基于应用行为分析中使用的单案例设计方法,在一所大学校园进行了实地试验。我们设置了两个条件:一个是安装了与人互动的机器人(机器人条件),另一个是没有安装机器人(无机器人条件)。我们每天测量一次,持续8天,每天从11:25到13:30持续125分钟。每天交替分配机器人条件和无机器人条件。机器人由一名操作员控制。结果表明,机器人条件下的有效响应率分别为8.9%、3.8%、6.1%和1.9%,无机器人条件下的有效响应率分别为4.9%、3.7%、3.1%和1.8%。综合考虑这些结果和完整的回答率,我们发现,虽然机器人可以吸引人们的注意力,并在短期内一点点提高回复率,但有效回复率的提高并没有我们预期的那么多,因为被机器人吸引的人很可能会中途放弃回答问卷。为了提高有效回复率,我们需要考虑一种新的交互设计,以防止人们放弃他们的答案。
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引用次数: 1
Extrapolating significance of text-based autonomous vehicle scenarios to multimedia scenarios and implications for user-centered design 基于文本的自动驾驶汽车场景对多媒体场景的外推意义及其对以用户为中心的设计的启示
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515372
K. Robinson, L. Robert, R. Eglash
Extrapolation from low-fidelity design iterations is especially critical in HRI. An initial proposal for low-fidelity to higher fidelity extrapolation is developed using insights from cognitive multimedia learning theory to account for the effects of prototype medium and three types of cognitive demands. Inspired by Donald Norman and others, our proposal leverages tightly controlled and multi-authored scenarios through crowdsourcing to create additional potential evidence as a kind of experimental “stress test.” We motivate our proposal by investigating the intersection of emotion and human control, which is understudied outside of autonomous vehicles (AV) and HRI research. Evidence for positively moderated emotional effects in text-based AV scenarios as well as tentative evidence for our extrapolation proposal are identified.
在HRI中,低保真设计迭代的外推尤其重要。利用认知多媒体学习理论的见解,提出了从低保真到高保真外推的初步建议,以解释原型媒介和三种类型的认知需求的影响。受Donald Norman等人的启发,我们的建议通过众包的方式,利用严格控制和多作者的场景来创造额外的潜在证据,作为一种实验性的“压力测试”。我们通过研究情感和人类控制的交集来激发我们的提议,这在自动驾驶汽车(AV)和HRI研究之外还没有得到充分的研究。确定了基于文本的AV场景中积极调节情绪影响的证据以及我们外推建议的初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Solution of Pepper’s Inverse Kinematics for a Pose Matching Imitation System 位姿匹配仿真系统Pepper逆运动学解析解
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515480
Darja Stoeva, H. Frijns, M. Gelautz, Oliver Schürer
In this paper, a human-humanoid imitation system is proposed, with a focus on the kinematic model used for translating end effector positions to joint angles. The overall system comprises the humanoid robot Pepper and a Kinect v2 camera for capturing human 3D joint positions. The presented kinematic model is based on analytical solutions of Pepper’s inverse kinematics and also uses the forward kinematics. The aim of the paper is to provide insights into deriving the kinematics of robotic chains for the purpose of pose matching imitation, as well as accuracy evaluation of the derived forward and inverse kinematic solutions. The solutions of the inverse kinematics provide results with a mean error of approximately 0.2° for the angle solutions of the head joints, 0.7° for the arm joints, and 4° for the torso (leg) joints. The evaluated speed lies within a range of 0.002 to 0.08 ms. These results indicate that the presented kinematic model is an effective method for translating end effector positions to joint angles for our pose imitation application in real-time or close to it. Finally, we show preliminary results of the proposed imitation system and discuss future work.
本文提出了一种仿人机器人系统,重点研究了将末端执行器位置转换为关节角度的运动学模型。整个系统包括人形机器人Pepper和用于捕捉人体3D关节位置的Kinect v2摄像头。提出的运动学模型是基于Pepper逆运动学的解析解,并使用了正运动学。本文的目的是为机器人链的运动学推导提供见解,以达到位姿匹配仿真的目的,以及所推导的正解和逆解的精度评估。运动学逆解提供的结果平均误差约为0.2°,头部关节的角度解为0.7°,躯干(腿)关节的角度解为4°。评估的速度在0.002到0.08 ms的范围内。结果表明,该运动学模型是一种将末端执行器位置转换为关节角度的有效方法,可用于实时或接近实时的姿态仿真应用。最后,我们展示了所提出的模拟系统的初步结果,并讨论了未来的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Preferred Oil and Ceramics Options for EHA Drive Systems and Computed Torque Control of an EHA-Driven Robot Manipulator EHA驱动系统的优选油和陶瓷选择以及EHA驱动机器人机械手的计算扭矩控制
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515398
Mitsuo Komagata, Yutaro Imashiro, Ko Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakamura
6-DOF robot manipulator Hydracer was developed to gain high output torque and high backdrivability by adopting electro-hydrostatic actuators, however control of overall system of Hydracer is not yet conducted. To achieve flexible force control of Hydracer, we worked on the system improvements: enhancement of reliability of ceramics components, reduction of internal leakage by considering the property of hydraulic oil, and the identification of inertial parameters to improve its controllability. By using identified parameters, flexible force control of Hydracer by zero-torque control with gravity compensation was realized which reveals the potential of safe human-robot interaction.
为了获得高输出扭矩和高反驱动性能,采用电静压作动器开发了6自由度机器人Hydracer,但目前还没有对Hydracer的整体系统进行控制。为了实现液化氢的柔性力控制,我们对系统进行了改进:提高陶瓷元件的可靠性,考虑液压油的特性减少内泄漏,识别惯性参数以提高其可控性。利用辨识出的参数,实现了基于重力补偿的零转矩柔性动力控制,揭示了人机安全交互的潜力。
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引用次数: 3
A Three-Legged Reconfigurable Spherical Robot No.3 三足可重构球形机器人No.3
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515319
Supaphon Kamon, Natthaphon Bunathuek, Pudit Laksanacharoen
A three-legged reconfigurable spherical robot No.3 is presented in this paper. The robot has three legs kept inside the two half hemispherical shells. The three legs can be extended by splitting the top half of the hemispherical shells using a linear actuator installed at the core of the spherical shape. Each leg is consisted of three of revolute joints. When three legs are on ground the robot can perform three legs crawl-kick walking gait (one leg in front and two legs in rear) and butterfly walking gait (two legs in front and one leg in rear). The robot is able to move on flat ground and get over small barrier with butterfly walking gait with the speed of 5.33 cm/s and 1.57 cm/s respectively. For crawl-kick walking gait, the robot can move a little faster with the speed of 6.15 cm/s on flat ground and 1.51 cm/s for crossing barrier.
介绍了一种三足可重构球形机器人No.3。机器人的三条腿被固定在两个半球形的外壳内。这三条腿可以通过使用安装在球形核心的线性致动器分裂半球形外壳的上半部分来扩展。每条腿由三个转动关节组成。当三腿着地时,机器人可以完成三腿爬行踢腿行走步态(一腿前,两条腿后)和蝶式行走步态(两条腿前,一条腿后)。该机器人能够在平地上移动,以蝶式步态通过小障碍物,速度分别为5.33 cm/s和1.57 cm/s。对于爬行踢腿步态,机器人的移动速度略快,平地速度为6.15 cm/s,过障速度为1.51 cm/s。
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引用次数: 0
Deployment of a Socially Assistive Robot for Assessment of COVID-19 Symptoms and Exposure at an Elder Care Setting 在老年护理机构部署社交辅助机器人评估COVID-19症状和暴露
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515551
Caio Mucchiani, P. Cacchione, M. Johnson, Ross Mead, Mark H. Yim
This work investigates the deployment of an affordable socially assistive robot (SAR) at an older adult day care setting for the screening of COVID-19 symptoms and exposure. Despite the focus on older adults, other stakeholders (clinicians and caregivers) were included in the study due to the need for daily COVID-19 screening. The investigation considered which aspects of human-robot-interaction (HRI) are relevant when designing social agents for patient screening. The implementation was based upon the current screening procedure adopted by the deployment facility, and translated into robot dialogues and gesturing motion. Post-interaction surveys with participants informed their preferences for the type of interaction and system usability. Observer surveys evaluated users’ reaction, verbal and physical engagement. Results indicated general acceptance of the social agent and possible improvements to the current version of the robot to encourage a broader adoption by the stakeholders.
这项工作调查了在老年人日托机构部署可负担得起的社会辅助机器人(SAR),用于筛查COVID-19症状和暴露。尽管研究重点是老年人,但由于需要每天进行COVID-19筛查,其他利益相关者(临床医生和护理人员)也被纳入了研究。该调查考虑了人机交互(HRI)的哪些方面是相关的,当设计社会代理患者筛选。实施是基于部署设施目前采用的筛选程序,并转化为机器人对话和手势动作。与参与者进行的交互后调查告知了他们对交互类型和系统可用性的偏好。观察者调查评估了用户的反应,语言和身体参与。结果表明,人们普遍接受社会代理,并可能对当前版本的机器人进行改进,以鼓励利益相关者更广泛地采用。
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引用次数: 3
Exploring Possibilities of Social Robot’s Interactive Services in the Case of a Hotel Room 以酒店房间为例,探索社交机器人互动服务的可能性
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515380
Junya Nakanishi, Tomohisa Hazama, Jun Baba, Sichao Song, Y. Yoshikawa, H. Ishiguro
To explore the interaction design of an autonomous social robot stationed in a hotel room, we conducted a Wizard of Oz study. We developed a teleoperated robotic system that appears to move autonomously through voice-to-synthesis processing. Comparing the evaluation of the latest autonomous case with one of these teleoperated cases, the results show that it is possible to construct a robotic system that is more highly rated in terms of warmth, competence, and enjoyment of conversation. The results also suggest novel forms of the hotel room robot’s interactive services, such as a hotel-life management service and conversation partner service as a role of a listening presence, which draws out and understands with the guests’ talk.
为了探索驻扎在酒店房间的自主社交机器人的交互设计,我们进行了绿野仙踪研究。我们开发了一种远程操作机器人系统,似乎可以通过语音合成处理自主移动。将最新的自主案例与其中一个远程操作案例的评估进行比较,结果表明,有可能构建一个在温暖、能力和谈话乐趣方面获得更高评价的机器人系统。研究结果还提出了酒店房间机器人互动服务的新形式,如酒店生活管理服务和对话伙伴服务,作为倾听者的角色,与客人交谈并理解他们的谈话。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)
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