Acta Informatica Medica最新文献

Background: The use of Ribociclib leads to hepatotoxicity that may be evaluated by the presence of infiltrated CD3 cells.

Objective: To evaluate the expression level of CD3 in the liver tissue of the control group and other groups exposed to Ribociclib and groups received Ribociclib and other treatments including vitamin E, statin, and and Moringa Olifera.

Methods: This experiment utilized fifty adult male albino rats (9 - 10 weeks old). The rats were randomly assigned into five groups (N = 10). Rats in the Group 1 (control) were given 2 ml normal saline. Group 2 rats received 5 mg/kg of ribociclib, while Group 3 rats received the same dose of ribociclib in conjunction with a daily dose of 200 mg/kg of a statin. Group 4 rats were given ribociclib treatment, alongside a daily dose of Vitamin E. Group 5 rats were given daily doses of 5 mg/kg ribociclib and a 200 mg/kg extract of Moringa Olifera. Following the end of the experiment, all rats were terminated and the liver tissues wee excised and fixed in formalin for 24 hours, processed, and stained for CD3 using indirect immunoperoxidase stain. Liver tissues were examined microscopically and the expression level was evaluated employing Adope photoshop. The relationships between groups were computed by independent T test.

Results: The study showed ribociclib caused hepatotoxicity of liver through the increased expression of CD3 in comparison to the control group. Treatment with statin and vitamin E lowered the expression of CD3, but this was not statistically significant (p>0.05), while the treatment with Moringa Olifera extract lowered significantly the expression of CD3 in the liver (p=0.043).

Conclusion: Giving Statin, Vitamin E, or Moringa Olifera extract can protect the liver from the liver toxicity that ribociclib causes.

Background: Anti-N-Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a condition with high morbidity and mortality despite advancements in resuscitation strategies. Identifying prognostic factors in OHCA patients who achieve a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is critical for optimizing post-resuscitation care and improving survival outcomes.

Objective: This study evaluates clinical outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality in OHCA patients admitted to a tertiary referral center in Southern Vietnam.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on OHCA patients with ROSC admitted to Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from January 1, 2019, to June 15, 2024. Demographic characteristics, clinical variables, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified through multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Among 482 OHCA cases, 86 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 49.1 ± 17.2 years, with a male predominance (79.1%, male-to-female ratio: 3.8:1). Most cardiac arrests were witnessed (84.9%), and 32.5% presented with an initial shockable rhythm. Cardiac etiology was the predominant cause (67.4%). The overall in-hospital survival rate was 44.2%, with 25.6% achieving good neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] 1-2). Multivariate analysis identified lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-2.00, p = 0.045), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, p = 0.042), and higher cumulative epinephrine dose (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, p < 0.05) as independent predictors of mortality. A predictive model incorporating these variables demonstrated strong discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.91). An epinephrine threshold of 7 mg was identified as a predictor of in-hospital mortality, with a sensitivity of 0.68 and specificity of 0.91.

Conclusion: In OHCA patients with ROSC, the in-hospital survival rate was 44.2%, with 25.6% achieving good neurological outcomes (CPC 1-2). Lower GCS scores, reduced eGFR, and higher total epinephrine doses were independently associated with increased mortality. These findings underscore the need for early risk stratification and individualized post-resuscitation management to improve patient outcomes.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The absence of these receptors reduces the effectiveness of targeted treatment approaches. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research and clinical decision- making, there is growing interest in evaluating the accuracy and reliability of large language models (LLMS), such as chatGPT-4, in oncology related applications.

Objective: The research aims to systematically assess the reliability of ChatGPT-4 in addressing frequently asked questions related to TNBC in four critical areas: diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and survival, and quality of life. Expert evaluations and statistical analyses are employed to measure the accuracy of the models responses.

Methods: A set of 100 questions related to TNBC was gathered from credible medical sources, including peer-reviewed journals and clinical oncology specialists evaluated the response generated by ChatGPT-4 using a structured assessment framework, classifying each answer into one of four accuracy levels, completely inaccurate, partially accurate, accurate but lacking depth and highly accurate.

Results: To evaluate the consistency among reviewers, Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to identify overall accuracy patterns. The findings indicated that 73% of the responses were classified as either "Accurate" or "Highly Accurate", suggesting the potential of ChatGPT-4 as a supplementary resource for obtaining information on TNBC. However, 27% of the responses were categorized as "partially accurate" or 'Completely Inaccurate, "highlighting gaps in contextual understanding and instances of misinformation.. Cohen's kappa coefficient was recorded at 0.007, reflecting a week level of agreement among evaluators and highlighting the impact of subjective interpretation. The model demonstrated strong performance in well-established areas such as chemotherapy protocols and diagnostic procedures but faced challenges with emerging research topics, personalized treatment recommendations, and fertility related concerns.

Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 exhibits significant potential in summarizing information on TNBC; however, the accuracy of its responses varies depending on the complexity and specificity of the queries. Due to inconsistencies and low inter-rater reliability, AI-generated medical content requires verification by medical professionals before being applied to patient care or clinical decision-making. Future developments in large language models should focus on reducing inaccuracies, incorporating the latest medical data, and improving adaptability to better support personalized medicine.

Background: Social media platforms like Instagram offer significant potential for dental education, outreach, and branding, though their specific utilization by dental schools in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) remains underexplored despite high regional use.

Objective: The aim of study was to analyze the utilization of Instagram by official dental school accounts across the GCC, specifically examining content types, media formats (images, carousels, reels), target audiences, and engagement metrics.

Methods: This study investigated how 11 official GCC dental school Instagram accounts utilized the platform over 12 months, analyzing content types, media formats, target audiences, and engagement. A cross-sectional observational study collected publicly accessible data, including post details, engagement metrics, and thematic classifications. Posts were coded for target audience, language, and media format, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and Multiple Linear Regression.

Results: Of 11 accounts, five showed consistent activity. Educational content was predominant (43.6%), with "news" being the most common sub-classification (52.9%). Most posts targeted a general audience (64.6%), and while language varied, posts targeting professionals and Reels generated the highest engagement and visibility. Regression confirmed post nature, language, and hashtag use as significant predictors of engagement.

Conclusion: Instagram is a valuable tool for GCC dental schools, primarily for education and professional engagement. The high engagement with professional content and Reels suggests strategic opportunities, and future research should explore longitudinal outcomes and user perceptions for optimization.

Background: The relationship between the thyroid hormones and reproductive function is complex. Increased thyroid function can directly affect ovarian function and can lead to infertility. After treatment to achieve a euthyroid state, symptoms such as menstrual disorders, shakiness, or rapid heartbeat are resolved, but the question is whether fertility problems can persist even when thyroid function is improved or restored to normal.

Objective: Our study aimed to initially evaluate the impact of women's hyperthyroid status on the outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) when the patients have been treated to achieve a euthyroid state.

Methods: This retrospective study included 48 infertile couples with hyperthyroidism-treated females (HT group) and 48 infertile couples due to blocked fallopian tubes as a control group from January 2022 to April 2024 at IVF and Tissue Engineering Center, Hanoi Medical University Hospital. The outcomes were the characteristics of IVF cycles and pregnancy rates in the first embryo transfers compared between the two groups.

Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, including age, type of infertility, or quality of semen, between the two groups. The BMI of the HT group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The number and rate of mature oocytes in the HT group tended to be lower than in the group without this disorder (7.2 ± 4.4 vs. 9.2 ± 5.6 mature oocytes per cycle, p = 0.055, and 63.0 ± 24.3% vs. 70.3 ± 15.6%, p = 0.079). However, no difference in pregnancy rates was observed between the HT group and the control group.

Conclusion: In our study, it seems that hyperthyroidism could affect the oocyte maturation in the ovarian stimulation cycle even after treatment to achieve a euthyroid state, but there was no difference in pregnancy rates between the HT group and the control group.

Background: The author of the first Croatian medical book, also the first in Southeast Europe, was Dr.John the Baptist Lalangue. He is the one who is most responsible for the fact that in the second half of the 18th century.

Objective: The aim of thiis article was to describe important facts abot the first original medical professional printed books in the Croatian language.

Methods: The authors searched imprtant information abot the book of the author Lalangue's titled "Medicina ruralis iliti Vrachtva ladanyszka, za potrebochu musev, y sziromakov. Horvatczkoga orszaga y okolu nyega, blisnesseh meszt" deposited in libraries in Zagreb and Varazdin, and also published articles deposited in scientific databases PubMed, PubMed Central, EBSCO., etc.

Results and discussion: The original medical first printed in the area of Southeast Europe by John the Baptist Lalangue is a book that deserves admiration. It is also the first printed original medical book in the Croatian language. The book "Medicina ruralis iliti Vrachtva ladanyszka, za potrebochu musev, y sziromakov. Horvatczkoga orszaga y okolu nyega, blisnesseh meszt" was published by Lalangue in Varaždin in 1776 at the Trattner printing house. After that, doctor Lalangue published a series of capital works of Croatian medicine, as well as medicine of Southeast Europe.

Conclusion: Doctor Lalangue is the author of a Croatian midwifery textbook and a balneological first, which are also firsts in the area of Southeast Europe. In this way, we remember the greats of medical thought and express the desire to respect him in accordance with his magnificent achievements.

Background: In recent years, correlation between personality and professional success has become increasingly evident. In modern times, it is well accepted that a persons' personality combined with their abilities are a prerequisite for the successful practice of any profession.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with ICU nurses' personality types.

Methods: The sample of the study included 102 nurses working pediatric ICUs. Data collection was performed by the method of the interview using the questionnaire "Greek Version of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory)"which includes the following traits: a) Openness to Experience, b) Conscientiousness, c) Extraversion, d) Agreeableness and e) Emotional Stability.

Results: A fairly high "agreement" (above average) was observed with all five personality types of the "TIPI" scale (median val ≥5 in all subscales). After multiple linear regression, it was found that nurses who wished to move from the ICU have 0.42 units lower "Extraversion" compared to those who do not wish to (β=-0.42, 95%CI: -0.88 - -0.04). An increase in the age of the nurses by one year increases the score of "Agreeableness" by 0.02 units (β=0.02, 95%CI: 0.01 - 0.04) and the score of "Conscientiousness" by 0.03 points (β=0.03, 95%CI: 0.01 - 0.06). Male pediatric ICU nurses have a 3.95-point higher score of "Openness to experience" than women (β=3.95, 95%CI: 2.96-5.64). No factor was found to be significantly associated with "emotional stability".

Conclusion: Conclusion: Nurses characteristics are associated personality traits. For the health sciences, this is important to recognizes the vital characteristics that make a health professional a competent, safe and ethical worker.

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent and critical complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, adversely affecting clinical outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and implications of malnutrition in CKD patients, focusing on the role of nutritional interventions and family support.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CKD patients, utilizing the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method to evaluate nutritional status. Additional parameters included body mass index (BMI), serum albumin levels, and self-reported information on nutritional counseling and family support. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for malnutrition.

Results: Malnutrition was identified in 76.1% of patients, with a higher prevalence among those aged ≥60 years and those with a disease duration ≥2 years. Elderly patients exhibited a 3.29-fold higher risk of malnutrition, while prolonged disease duration was associated with a 3.68-fold increased risk (both p < 0.05). BMI indicated chronic energy deficiency in 34.0% of patients, highlighting the utility of multi-parameter nutritional assessments. Only 23.2% of patients received nutrition-related information from healthcare professionals, and 81.2% relied on family support, which played a complex yet significant role in dietary adherence.

Conclusion: Malnutrition remains a pervasive issue among CKD patients, driven by aging, prolonged disease duration, and limited access to structured nutritional counseling. Comprehensive strategies incorporating early assessment, individualized nutritional interventions, and family engagement are essential to mitigate malnutrition and improve outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal, multi-center studies to refine and scale effective nutritional care models for CKD populations.

Background: Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA-II) plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including maintaining acid-base balance. Its implications in testicular health, especially cryptorchidism, make it an essential focus for researchers. ELISA is widely used to measure biomarker concentrations, with OD serving as a key indicator. Understanding the precision of OD measurements for CA-II can enhance its diagnostic and research applications.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between OD and CA-II concentration using linear regression analysis, thereby establishing a quantitative framework for accurate and reproducible CA-II measurements. By validating the OD-to-concentration relationship, this research will aid in developing standardized protocols that can improve diagnostic reliability, enhance monitoring of disease progression, and support therapeutic interventions targeting CA-II.

Methods: Standardized ELISA was employed to determine CA-II concentrations across sample groups, recording OD at specific wavelengths. Data were analyzed for linearity, group differences using ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons via Tukey's HSD test. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CA-II concentration and OD.

Results: A linear regression model (y=0.3758x+0.1604) demonstrated a nearly perfect R2 value of 0.9957. Statistical tests revealed a strong correlation (0.998) between CA-II concentration and OD values. ANOVA did not indicate significant differences among concentration quartiles; however, the data strongly supported OD's use as a reliable proxy for CA-II measurement.

Conclusion: The established linear relationship between CA-II concentration and OD confirms the accuracy of ELISA in CA-II measurement. This methodology supports future investigations into CA-II's involvement in testicular health, potentially aiding in diagnostics and understanding of conditions such as cryptorchidism.