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Acta pharmaceutica Nordica最新文献

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Investigation of the applicability of a tensile testing machine for measuring mucoadhesive strength. 粘接强度拉伸试验机的适用性研究。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
K Dyvik, C Graffner

The applicability of a tensile testing machine (M30K, JJ Lloyd Instruments Ltd, GB) is investigated for measuring mucoadhesive strengths. A sample of an aqueous dispersion of a polymer with expected mucoadhesive properties is placed between two homemade discs of polyoxymethylene. The upper disc is mounted on a movable part of the machine while the lower disc is fixed on the stationary frame. A tensile force is submitted and the maximum detachment force at fracture and the adhesion work are estimated from the force displacement curve recorded. In some experiments, native mucous tissue of the large intestine of pigs was glued to the upper disc. Four polymers polycarbophil (Carbopol EX-55), carboxypolymethylene (Carbopol 934P), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Methocel K4M), and sodium alginate, are used in five different concentrations. At least three measurements are made of each polymer and concentration. Viscosity and osmolality are determined. By standardizing the time of sample equilibration and the run rate before measurement, it is possible to get good reproducibility of the tensile values. Based on the maximum nominal breaking force and the work consumed, it is concluded that the tensile strength is dependent both on the concentration and the type of polymer. The conclusions are the same independent of whether mucous pig tissue is used, or not. The same rank order in adhesive properties of the polymers is achieved as from using modified surface tensiometers.

研究了拉伸试验机(M30K, JJ Lloyd Instruments Ltd ., GB)在测定黏合剂强度方面的适用性。将具有预期粘接性能的聚合物的水分散体样品置于两个自制的聚甲醛圆盘之间。上盘安装在机器的可移动部分上,下盘固定在固定框架上。施加拉伸力,根据记录的力位移曲线估计断裂处的最大剥离力和附着功。在一些实验中,将猪大肠的天然粘液组织粘在上盘上。四种聚合物聚碳酸酯(Carbopol EX-55)、羧甲基(Carbopol 934P)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(Methocel K4M)和海藻酸钠以五种不同的浓度使用。对每种聚合物和浓度至少进行三次测量。测定粘度和渗透压。通过规范样品平衡时间和测量前的运行速率,可以获得良好的拉伸值再现性。根据最大名义断裂力和所消耗的功,得出拉伸强度取决于聚合物的浓度和类型的结论。结论与是否使用猪黏液组织无关。通过使用改良的表面张力计,聚合物的粘合性能达到了相同的等级顺序。
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引用次数: 0
Model systems in iontophoresis--transport efficacy. 离子导入-运输效能的模型系统。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
B H Sage
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引用次数: 0
Topical administration of drugs. 局部用药。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
L Juhlin
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引用次数: 0
Basic principles of transport from topical preparations. 外用制剂运输的基本原则。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
L O Sundelöf
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引用次数: 0
Skin barrier function and the mechanism(s) of percutaneous penetration. 皮肤屏障功能及经皮渗透机制。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
R H Guy, R O Potts, M L Francoeur
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引用次数: 0
How to optimize drug penetration through the skin. 如何优化药物通过皮肤的渗透。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
B C Lippold
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引用次数: 0
Cutaneous adverse reactions to transdermal delivery systems--mechanisms and prevention. 经皮给药系统的皮肤不良反应——机制和预防。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
H Maibach
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic tests of contact sensitivity. 接触敏感性诊断试验。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
T Fischer
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引用次数: 0
Effect of terminal heat sterilization on the stability of phospholipid-stabilized submicron emulsions. 末梢热灭菌对磷脂稳定亚微米乳剂稳定性的影响。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
P R Chaturvedi, N M Patel, S A Lodhi

Parenteral emulsions similar in composition to the commercially available fat emulsions were prepared using a Microfluidizer. The relationship of pH and terminal heat sterilization by autoclaving on the stability of phospholipid-stabilized emulsions was evaluated. The stability of these formulations was determined by using droplet size and zeta potential measurements. It was found that the zeta potentials of emulsions stabilized by more purified phospholipid were lower in magnitude compared to those stabilized by less purified phospholipid. Furthermore, acidic emulsions (between pH 5.0 and 7.0) showed an increased droplet size upon autoclaving, whereas the emulsions adjusted to an alkaline pH (pH 8.0 to 10.0) did not show a significant change in their droplet sizes upon autoclaving. The zeta potentials of all the emulsions "increased" (in magnitude) upon autoclaving and achieved values between -40 and -50 mV. The results of our studies could be explained on the basis of hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine at different pH values, leading to a breakdown of the film surrounding the oil droplet, which results in coalescence and/or cracking of the emulsions.

使用微流化器制备了与市售脂肪乳剂成分相似的肠外乳剂。考察了pH值和高压灭菌对磷脂稳定乳状液稳定性的影响。通过液滴大小和zeta电位测量来确定这些配方的稳定性。结果表明,高纯度磷脂稳定乳状液的zeta电位比低纯度磷脂稳定乳状液的zeta电位要低。此外,酸性乳剂(pH值在5.0到7.0之间)在高压灭菌后液滴大小增加,而调整到碱性pH值(pH值在8.0到10.0之间)的乳剂在高压灭菌后液滴大小没有明显变化。所有乳剂的zeta电位在高压灭菌后“增加”(幅度),并达到-40和-50 mV之间的值。我们的研究结果可以解释为磷脂酰胆碱在不同pH值下的水解,导致油滴周围的膜被破坏,从而导致乳状液的聚结和/或开裂。
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引用次数: 0
Increase in thebaine content of Papaver bracteatum Lindl. after colchicine treatment of seeds. Annual fluctuations in thebaine level of individual plants. 小苞罂粟碱含量的增加。秋水仙碱处理后的种子。单个植物的碱水平的年波动。
Pub Date : 1992-01-01
J K Wold, B S Paulsen, T Haugli, A Nordal, M M Laane

From colchicine-treated seeds of Papaver bracteatum Lindl. some poppy plants were obtained that developed capsules richer in thebaine than the controls. The individual poppies were analyzed for capsule thebaine content annually for eight successive years, the results revealing significant year-to-year differences. One of the poppies, X7, (ca 5% thebaine) developed capsules consisting partly of polyploid tissue during the first and second year. This plant was propagated vegetatively to give a series (the X7 series) of new P. bracteatum plants. The capsule thebaine content of these individuals differed markedly the first two years, whereupon the alkaloid production decreased and appeared to level out and reach a value still clearly higher than the controls (mean values 2.3% and 1.3%, respectively). From seeds of four of the thebaine-rich poppies of the X7 series, four new series of P. bracteatum plants were obtained. The capsule thebaine level of these was significantly lower than that of the mother plants.

取自经秋水仙碱处理的罂粟种子。获得的一些罂粟植物的胶囊比对照组含有更丰富的碱。连续8年,每年对单个罂粟进行胶囊碱含量分析,结果显示显着的年度差异。其中一种罂粟X7(约占5%)在第一年和第二年形成了由部分多倍体组织组成的蒴果。对该植物进行了无性繁殖,获得了一个新系列(X7系列)。这些个体的胶囊碱含量在前两年有明显差异,随后生物碱产量下降并趋于平稳,达到的值仍明显高于对照组(平均值分别为2.3%和1.3%)。从X7系列4个富含甘蔗的罂粟种子中,获得了4个新的苞片罂粟系列。这些植物的蒴果碱含量显著低于母株。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta pharmaceutica Nordica
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