I. Korona-Głowniak, Martyna Kasela, Barbara Pliszka, D. Zalewski, Anna Malm
European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) fruits constitute a valuable source of biologically active compounds useful in the pharmaceutical industry. We aimed to determine the content of chosen polyphenolic compounds in fruit extracts from four cultivars of elderberry (Alleso, Korsor, Sampo, Samyl) and their relation to antibacterial and antifungal activity. The content of polyphenols was determined with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while antimicrobial activity, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC) or fungicidal (MFC) concentration, was studied with the use of microbroth dilution method. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of concentrations of cyanidin glycosides, caffeic and quercetin derivatives depending on the plant cultivar. The extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. (MIC = 0.313 – 0.625 mg/mL) and Helicobacter pylori (MIC = 0.313 – 1.25 mg/mL) and antifungal against Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC = 0.313 – 2.5 mg/mL). Results showed that the concentration of cyanidin glycosides, caffeic and quercetin derivatives depended on the analyzed S. nigra L. cultivar and pointed towards a correlation between their high content and antimicrobial activity. These results support the idea that elderberry fruits contain bioactive compounds providing them significant antimicrobial potential.
{"title":"Content of selected polyphenolic compounds in four Sambucus nigra l. cultivars in relation to their antimicrobial activity","authors":"I. Korona-Głowniak, Martyna Kasela, Barbara Pliszka, D. Zalewski, Anna Malm","doi":"10.32383/appdr/175051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/175051","url":null,"abstract":"European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) fruits constitute a valuable source of biologically active compounds useful in the pharmaceutical industry. We aimed to determine the content of chosen polyphenolic compounds in fruit extracts from four cultivars of elderberry (Alleso, Korsor, Sampo, Samyl) and their relation to antibacterial and antifungal activity. The content of polyphenols was determined with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while antimicrobial activity, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC) or fungicidal (MFC) concentration, was studied with the use of microbroth dilution method. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of concentrations of cyanidin glycosides, caffeic and quercetin derivatives depending on the plant cultivar. The extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. (MIC = 0.313 – 0.625 mg/mL) and Helicobacter pylori (MIC = 0.313 – 1.25 mg/mL) and antifungal against Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC = 0.313 – 2.5 mg/mL). Results showed that the concentration of cyanidin glycosides, caffeic and quercetin derivatives depended on the analyzed S. nigra L. cultivar and pointed towards a correlation between their high content and antimicrobial activity. These results support the idea that elderberry fruits contain bioactive compounds providing them significant antimicrobial potential.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the most important issues in the stability of emulsion systems. It describes the composition of emulsions and indicates the factors determining the quality of these systems. The most popular industrial areas in which these systems are convenient and useful form are indicated. The applications of emulsion systems in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries are described in detail, including the advantages and disadvantages of such systems. It was concluded that it is still one of the most popular forms of products.
{"title":"Emulsions, their quality and importance in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries","authors":"Magdalena Wozniak, M. Kowalska, Piotr Ludwiński","doi":"10.32383/appdr/174249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/174249","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the most important issues in the stability of emulsion systems. It describes the composition of emulsions and indicates the factors determining the quality of these systems. The most popular industrial areas in which these systems are convenient and useful form are indicated. The applications of emulsion systems in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries are described in detail, including the advantages and disadvantages of such systems. It was concluded that it is still one of the most popular forms of products.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylwia Bagińska, Aleksandra Golonko, R. Świsłocka, W. Lewandowski
This review highlights the therapeutic propeties of monoterpenes, particularly γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene, found in essential oils derived from various plants. These compounds are known for their analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. γ-Terpinene is recognized for its potent antioxidant propeties and is a constituent of oils from plants such as cumin and thyme. p-cymene, found in over 100 plant species, is noted for its antiviral and antibacterial properties and is considered safe by IFRA standards. p-Cymenene, with its distinct aroma, is detected in parsley and turmeric oils and is known for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial properties of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are highlighted, demonstrating their effectiveness in treating various skin conditions and reducing airborne microbes. Their selective antimicrobial activity preserves the integrity of the microbiome, offering a balanced approach to infection control. The anti-inflammatory properties of γ-terpinene are emphasized, with studies indicating its role in modulating cytokine production, underscoring its potential in the treatment of inflammation. Additionally, its antinociceptive effects suggest that it is a safe analgesic. In cancer treatment, the antiproliferative effects of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are being explored, highlighting their potential for targeted cancer therapy. This review aims to consolidate knowledge about these monoterpenes and promote a deeper understanding of their medical applications and safety. The knowledge gained is expected to stimulate further research, potentially leading to innovative applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields and harnessing the potential of -terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene.
{"title":"Monoterpenes as Medicinal Agents: Exploring the Pharmaceutical Potential of p-Cymene, p-Cymenene, and γ-Terpinene","authors":"Sylwia Bagińska, Aleksandra Golonko, R. Świsłocka, W. Lewandowski","doi":"10.32383/appdr/178242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/178242","url":null,"abstract":"This review highlights the therapeutic propeties of monoterpenes, particularly γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene, found in essential oils derived from various plants. These compounds are known for their analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. γ-Terpinene is recognized for its potent antioxidant propeties and is a constituent of oils from plants such as cumin and thyme. p-cymene, found in over 100 plant species, is noted for its antiviral and antibacterial properties and is considered safe by IFRA standards. p-Cymenene, with its distinct aroma, is detected in parsley and turmeric oils and is known for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial properties of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are highlighted, demonstrating their effectiveness in treating various skin conditions and reducing airborne microbes. Their selective antimicrobial activity preserves the integrity of the microbiome, offering a balanced approach to infection control. The anti-inflammatory properties of γ-terpinene are emphasized, with studies indicating its role in modulating cytokine production, underscoring its potential in the treatment of inflammation. Additionally, its antinociceptive effects suggest that it is a safe analgesic. In cancer treatment, the antiproliferative effects of γ-terpinene and p-cymene are being explored, highlighting their potential for targeted cancer therapy. This review aims to consolidate knowledge about these monoterpenes and promote a deeper understanding of their medical applications and safety. The knowledge gained is expected to stimulate further research, potentially leading to innovative applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields and harnessing the potential of -terpinene, p-cymene, and p-cymenene.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Janczura, N. Rosiak, Marta Gromek, J. Cielecka‐Piontek
The study compares the active substance alverine citrate from three commercial sources in order to demonstrate polymorphic forms using the XRPD, SEM, and ATR-FTIR techniques. Based on the solubility tests of alverine citrate, a hard capsule was prepared with the highest possible dose of the active substance. The release profiles of alverine citrate and its stability were also investigated. XRPD and ATR-FTIR analysis shows that all alverine citrate samples (despite differences in the synthesis process) are in the same polymorphic Form I. Scanning electron micrographs of alverine citrate from each manufacturer show differences in morphology (texture). The solubility studies confirmed the complete solubility of the highest dose of alverine citrate in media with a pH of 1.2-6.8. The release studies show that the release of the active substance, regardless of the manufacturer type, meets the immediate release requirement. Accelerated stability studies confirm the stability of the alverine citrate from selected manufacturers. As a result, the manufacturer of the final medicinal product may allow their inter-changeability during production without compromising the safety or efficacy of the medicinal product.
{"title":"Structural polymorphism research of alverine citrate","authors":"Magdalena Janczura, N. Rosiak, Marta Gromek, J. Cielecka‐Piontek","doi":"10.32383/appdr/175084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/175084","url":null,"abstract":"The study compares the active substance alverine citrate from three commercial sources in order to demonstrate polymorphic forms using the XRPD, SEM, and ATR-FTIR techniques. Based on the solubility tests of alverine citrate, a hard capsule was prepared with the highest possible dose of the active substance. The release profiles of alverine citrate and its stability were also investigated. XRPD and ATR-FTIR analysis shows that all alverine citrate samples (despite differences in the synthesis process) are in the same polymorphic Form I. Scanning electron micrographs of alverine citrate from each manufacturer show differences in morphology (texture). The solubility studies confirmed the complete solubility of the highest dose of alverine citrate in media with a pH of 1.2-6.8. The release studies show that the release of the active substance, regardless of the manufacturer type, meets the immediate release requirement. Accelerated stability studies confirm the stability of the alverine citrate from selected manufacturers. As a result, the manufacturer of the final medicinal product may allow their inter-changeability during production without compromising the safety or efficacy of the medicinal product.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose: Components of inflammatory pathways had a major role in the development of diabetic induced complications including the retinopathy. Therefore, in the present study bioinformatics assisted predicted the role of polymorphism of genes in the coding sequence of inflammatory pathway mediator matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) was determined in the development of diabetic retinopathy among the population of south Asian countries. Methods: Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs17576 in MMP9 (c.836A>G; p.Q279R) was bioinformatically analyzed as well as genotyping was done in 419 individuals with type 2 diabetes (219 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 200 individuals with diabetic non-retinopathic (DNR) while 200 healthy individuals were recruited as control for both DR and DNR patients. Results: In silico assisted functional effect due to kinetic changes in protein structure was observed for MMP9 rs17576 (p.Q279R). In addition, genetic analysis revealed significant association of the “G” allele with diabetic individuals most prominently females (χ²=12.65, p<0.05, OR=0.47 [95% CI=0.30-0.73, p<0.05]) Conclusion: The rs17576 (c.836A>G; p.Q279R) polymorphism of MMP9 was found to influence protein structure and functional and was observed to provide protection, dominantly in females, against the diabetic retinopathy.
{"title":"BIOINFORMATICS-ASSISTED SELECTION AND ASSOCIATION OF MATRIX MEATLLOPROTEINASE-9 (MMP-9) POLMORPHISM rs17576 WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY","authors":"F. K. Alswailmi","doi":"10.32383/appdr/174802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/174802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000Purpose: Components of inflammatory pathways had a major role in the development of diabetic induced complications including the retinopathy. Therefore, in the present study bioinformatics assisted predicted the role of polymorphism of genes in the coding sequence of inflammatory pathway mediator matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) was determined in the development of diabetic retinopathy among the population of south Asian countries. \u0000Methods: Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs17576 in MMP9 (c.836A>G; p.Q279R) was bioinformatically analyzed as well as genotyping was done in 419 individuals with type 2 diabetes (219 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 200 individuals with diabetic non-retinopathic (DNR) while 200 healthy individuals were recruited as control for both DR and DNR patients.\u0000Results: In silico assisted functional effect due to kinetic changes in protein structure was observed for MMP9 rs17576 (p.Q279R). In addition, genetic analysis revealed significant association of the “G” allele with diabetic individuals most prominently females (χ²=12.65, p<0.05, OR=0.47 [95% CI=0.30-0.73, p<0.05])\u0000Conclusion: The rs17576 (c.836A>G; p.Q279R) polymorphism of MMP9 was found to influence protein structure and functional and was observed to provide protection, dominantly in females, against the diabetic retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soft gel capsules are a common form of medicine and food supplements. Quality, productivity and manufacturing time is crucial for producers during their development and industrial operations. To ensure the best quality of the product, it is necessary to know all critical process steps and parameters. The use of QbD elements is to ensure the quality of the drug product throughout its "life cycle". Quality by design (QbD) and its elements are described by the International Council of Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and in their guideline - chapter ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development). One of the first steps in pharmaceutical product development is to prepare Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) and analyse Critical Material Attributes (CMAs) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of excipients, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and final product. During this research, we investigated the CQAs of the excipients used in vitamin D3 soft gelatin capsules containing high doses of cholecalciferol, from 10 000 to 200 000 IU per capsule. We considered the viscosity of the gelatin mass, the effect of the addition of dye on the viscosity, and the impact of the colour of the gelatin mass on the active substance content in the final capsules. It was also investigated oily carriers (medium chain triglycerides and safflower oil) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate vs butylhydroxytoluene), and their effect on API concentration in the capsule.
{"title":"Soft Gelatine Capsules- Critical Quality Attributes of Chosen Excipients and Capsules Parameters Following the Quality by Design Concept","authors":"Barbara Owczarek, E. Łukowska-Chojnacka","doi":"10.32383/appdr/172348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/172348","url":null,"abstract":"Soft gel capsules are a common form of medicine and food supplements. Quality, productivity and manufacturing time is crucial for producers during their development and industrial operations. To ensure the best quality of the product, it is necessary to know all critical process steps and parameters. The use of QbD elements is to ensure the quality of the drug product throughout its \"life cycle\". Quality by design (QbD) and its elements are described by the International Council of Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and in their guideline - chapter ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development). One of the first steps in pharmaceutical product development is to prepare Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) and analyse Critical Material Attributes (CMAs) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of excipients, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and final product. During this research, we investigated the CQAs of the excipients used in vitamin D3 soft gelatin capsules containing high doses of cholecalciferol, from 10 000 to 200 000 IU per capsule. We considered the viscosity of the gelatin mass, the effect of the addition of dye on the viscosity, and the impact of the colour of the gelatin mass on the active substance content in the final capsules. It was also investigated oily carriers (medium chain triglycerides and safflower oil) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate vs butylhydroxytoluene), and their effect on API concentration in the capsule.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study observed the effect of salidroside on improving oxidative aging induced by D-galactose in mice by enhancing aerobic swimming. In this study, the oxidative aging model of mice was established by D-galactose, and the changes of organ index, histopathological changes, and mRNA expression in serum and tissue of oxidative aging mice after aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside were detected. The results showed that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside inhibited the decline of heart index, liver index, spleen index and kidney index caused by oxidative aging in mice. Aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (GSH) in serum, liver and spleen of oxidative aging mice, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The study also found that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside can reduce the damage of oxidative aging to liver and spleen tissues. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside could up-regulate the mRNA expression of CAT, GSH, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and GSH-PX in mouse liver tissue. The results showed that aerobic swimming could effectively inhibit the oxidative aging of mice induced by D-galactose, and the effect of aerobic swimming+salidroside was better than that of aerobic swimming alone. It can be seen that salidroside can enhance the improvement of aerobic swimming on oxidative aging and can be used as a sports supplement.
{"title":"Salidroside Enhances Aerobic Swimming to Improve Oxidative Aging Induced by D-Galactose in Mice","authors":"Jing Zhang, Xiankun Dai, Mengwei Wang, Jing Song, X. Long, Y. Qian, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.32383/appdr/172999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/172999","url":null,"abstract":"This study observed the effect of salidroside on improving oxidative aging induced by D-galactose in mice by enhancing aerobic swimming. In this study, the oxidative aging model of mice was established by D-galactose, and the changes of organ index, histopathological changes, and mRNA expression in serum and tissue of oxidative aging mice after aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside were detected. The results showed that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside inhibited the decline of heart index, liver index, spleen index and kidney index caused by oxidative aging in mice. Aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (GSH) in serum, liver and spleen of oxidative aging mice, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The study also found that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside can reduce the damage of oxidative aging to liver and spleen tissues. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that aerobic swimming and aerobic swimming+salidroside could up-regulate the mRNA expression of CAT, GSH, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and GSH-PX in mouse liver tissue. The results showed that aerobic swimming could effectively inhibit the oxidative aging of mice induced by D-galactose, and the effect of aerobic swimming+salidroside was better than that of aerobic swimming alone. It can be seen that salidroside can enhance the improvement of aerobic swimming on oxidative aging and can be used as a sports supplement.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Mitkova, M. Doneva, M. Dimitrova, Petya Nikolova, K. Tachkov, G. Petrova
Evaluation of rational drug utilization (RDU) through WHO indicators is used to provide information about the level of development of national policy and to identify the necessity of further regulatory, patients or healthcare professionals -centered measures. The current study aims to investigatethe patients’ perspective about medicines utilization by implementing the WHO’s "followup" indicators in the Bulgarian practice. A prospective, cross -sectional, online inquiry study was conducted among Bulgarian population. The population above 18 years of age is 5.8 million of people and 400 people sample was considered sufficient with 95% CI. The study methodology is based on a modified version of the WHO "followup" indicators. The total number of answers was 467. The majority of patients aged over 56 years responded that they did not receive enough information about the side effects and interactions of the prescribed medicines and the most often they used the leaflet as a source of information. Most of the patients responded they always check the expiry date (61%), while 23 % of patients check it sometimes. In the group of patients over 65 years, 24% responded that they never check the expiry date. The results of our study suggest that rational medicines utilization is a broader concept depending on patients' knowledge and pharmacists and patients relation. It suggests that there is a need to educate both parties, mainly to increase health literacy and promote general aspects of rational medicines utilization.
{"title":"Analysis Of Patients' Opinion Of Prescribed Medicines: A Questionnaire - Based Pilot Study In Bulgaria","authors":"Z. Mitkova, M. Doneva, M. Dimitrova, Petya Nikolova, K. Tachkov, G. Petrova","doi":"10.32383/appdr/173228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/173228","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of rational drug utilization (RDU) through WHO indicators is used to provide information about the level of development of national policy and to identify the necessity of further regulatory, patients or healthcare professionals -centered measures. The current study aims to investigatethe patients’ perspective about medicines utilization by implementing the WHO’s \"followup\" indicators in the Bulgarian practice. A prospective, cross -sectional, online inquiry study was conducted among Bulgarian population. The population above 18 years of age is 5.8 million of people and 400 people sample was considered sufficient with 95% CI. The study methodology is based on a modified version of the WHO \"followup\" indicators. The total number of answers was 467. The majority of patients aged over 56 years responded that they did not receive enough information about the side effects and interactions of the prescribed medicines and the most often they used the leaflet as a source of information. Most of the patients responded they always check the expiry date (61%), while 23 % of patients check it sometimes. In the group of patients over 65 years, 24% responded that they never check the expiry date. The results of our study suggest that rational medicines utilization is a broader concept depending on patients' knowledge and pharmacists and patients relation. It suggests that there is a need to educate both parties, mainly to increase health literacy and promote general aspects of rational medicines utilization.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bahar Isik, I. Ates, B. Suleyman, R. Mammadov, S. Bulut, M. Gulaboglu, Adalet Ozcicek, H. Suleyman
The increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and the decrease in COX-1 activity were associated with increased intracellular calcium. Lacidipine, a calcium channel blocker, can protect gastric tissue from aspirin-induced damage while potentiating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. This study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and gastric tissue effects of using lacidipine and aspirin combination, and separately. (LA). Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into CG (carrageenan control), LCG (carrageenan+lacidipine), ACG (carrageenan+aspirin), and LACG (carrageenan+LA) groups. Lacidipine 4 mg/kg, aspirin 100 mg/kg were given orally to the animals on an empty stomach. ,Carrageenan was injected into the foot paws of rats to induce inflammation and pain. Paw volumes were measured at 0, 1, and 4 hours after carrageenan administration, and paw pain thresholds were measured at 1 and 4 hours. After euthanasia (thiopental sodium, 50 mg/kg), paw and gastric tissues were excised and biochemically analyzed. Gastric tissues were also examined macroscopically. In the paw tissues of animals receiving lacidipine, malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than in the CG and AG, while total glutathione (tGSH) was higher (p<0.05). Lacidipine inhibited COX-2, but not COX-1 isoenzyme. LA, lacidipine, and aspirin inhibited inflammation and hyperalgesia at 1 and 4 hours, respectively. Lacidipine prevented aspirin-induced COX-1 inhibition and gastric ulcer formation. Lacidipine combined with aspirin may be beneficial in initiating its anti-inflammatory activity early, achieving a potent analgesic effect, and preventing aspirin-induced gastric injury.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Gastric Tissue Effects of Lacidipine, Aspirin, and Their Combination","authors":"Bahar Isik, I. Ates, B. Suleyman, R. Mammadov, S. Bulut, M. Gulaboglu, Adalet Ozcicek, H. Suleyman","doi":"10.32383/appdr/172400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/172400","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and the decrease in COX-1 activity were associated with increased intracellular calcium. Lacidipine, a calcium channel blocker, can protect gastric tissue from aspirin-induced damage while potentiating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. This study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and gastric tissue effects of using lacidipine and aspirin combination, and separately. (LA). Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into CG (carrageenan control), LCG (carrageenan+lacidipine), ACG (carrageenan+aspirin), and LACG (carrageenan+LA) groups. Lacidipine 4 mg/kg, aspirin 100 mg/kg were given orally to the animals on an empty stomach. ,Carrageenan was injected into the foot paws of rats to induce inflammation and pain. Paw volumes were measured at 0, 1, and 4 hours after carrageenan administration, and paw pain thresholds were measured at 1 and 4 hours. After euthanasia (thiopental sodium, 50 mg/kg), paw and gastric tissues were excised and biochemically analyzed. Gastric tissues were also examined macroscopically. In the paw tissues of animals receiving lacidipine, malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than in the CG and AG, while total glutathione (tGSH) was higher (p<0.05). Lacidipine inhibited COX-2, but not COX-1 isoenzyme. LA, lacidipine, and aspirin inhibited inflammation and hyperalgesia at 1 and 4 hours, respectively. Lacidipine prevented aspirin-induced COX-1 inhibition and gastric ulcer formation. Lacidipine combined with aspirin may be beneficial in initiating its anti-inflammatory activity early, achieving a potent analgesic effect, and preventing aspirin-induced gastric injury.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gawędzka, J. Drąg, M. Knapik-Czajka, Małgorzata Belczyk, Angelika Szafran, Iga Szlachta
Statins are one of the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs reducing the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. They are well tolerated and have relatively few side effects which mainly affect skeletal muscle. The impact of statins on skeletal muscle functions depends on the composition of the muscle fibers type. One of the mechanisms of statin-induced myopathy is imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown.Transcription factor FoxO3a is a key factor regulating muscle protein breakdown. The activity of FoxO3a is regulated namely by phosphorylation via PI3K/Akt pathway. Active, phosphorylated Akt catalyzes the phosphorylation and thus inactivation of FoxO3a. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on FoxO3a and Akt in different skeletal muscles in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg b.w./day) or the vehicle was administered orally 21 days. FoxO3a, Akt and their phosphorylated protein levels were assayed by Western blot in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Additionally, muscle total protein level and serum CK activity were measured. In the gastrocnemius muscle atorvastatin decreased total FoxO3a and P-FoxO3a levels with no changes in Akt and P-Akt level. In contrast, in soleus muscle atorvastatin did not change the level of P-FoxO3a. However, total FoxO3a and the P-Akt level decreased. Serum CK activity did not change in both muscle under atorvastatin treatment. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that atorvastatin affects FoxO3a and Akt in a muscle type-dependent manner.
{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Type-Dependent Effect of Atorvastatin on FoxO3a and Akt in Hypercholesterolemic Rats","authors":"A. Gawędzka, J. Drąg, M. Knapik-Czajka, Małgorzata Belczyk, Angelika Szafran, Iga Szlachta","doi":"10.32383/appdr/174241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/174241","url":null,"abstract":"Statins are one of the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs reducing the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. They are well tolerated and have relatively few side effects which mainly affect skeletal muscle. The impact of statins on skeletal muscle functions depends on the composition of the muscle fibers type. One of the mechanisms of statin-induced myopathy is imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown.Transcription factor FoxO3a is a key factor regulating muscle protein breakdown. The activity of FoxO3a is regulated namely by phosphorylation via PI3K/Akt pathway. Active, phosphorylated Akt catalyzes the phosphorylation and thus inactivation of FoxO3a. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on FoxO3a and Akt in different skeletal muscles in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg b.w./day) or the vehicle was administered orally 21 days. FoxO3a, Akt and their phosphorylated protein levels were assayed by Western blot in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Additionally, muscle total protein level and serum CK activity were measured. In the gastrocnemius muscle atorvastatin decreased total FoxO3a and P-FoxO3a levels with no changes in Akt and P-Akt level. In contrast, in soleus muscle atorvastatin did not change the level of P-FoxO3a. However, total FoxO3a and the P-Akt level decreased. Serum CK activity did not change in both muscle under atorvastatin treatment. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that atorvastatin affects FoxO3a and Akt in a muscle type-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":7135,"journal":{"name":"Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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