Pub Date : 1995-05-01DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00545
A. Fry, R. Staron, C. James, R. S. Hikida, F. Hagerman
Mammalian skeletal muscle expresses at least two isoforms of the cytoskeletal protein titin (connectin; MW approximately 3000 kDa). These isoforms are associated with different passive force curves, and thus may affect physical performance. To study the distribution of titin and its possible influence on performance in humans, muscle biopsies were obtained from 15 males (mean +/- SE; age = 25.4 +/- 2.9 years, height = 177.7 +/- 1.8 cm, weight = 76.5 +/- 2.2 kg). Two biopsies were obtained on separate occasions from both the right and left vastus lateralis, and one biopsy each from the lateral head of the right gastrocnemius and the right soleus, with all biopsies handled identically. Fibre type analyses were performed via mATPase histochemistry. Expression of titin and myosin heavy chain isoforms were determined by SDS-PAGE. Titin bands in the resulting gels were highly repeatable and were verified by migration patterns, as well as Western blot analysis. Two groups of subjects were identified: group 1 (n = 10) expressed only one titin isoform (titin-1) in all biopsies, and group 2 (n = 5) expressed two titin isoforms (titin-1 and titin-2) in all biopsies. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups were observed for percentage fibre types, percentage fibre type areas, fibre type cross-sectional areas, and percentage myosin heavy chain expression when comparing individual muscles, sampling times or bilateral comparisons. This is the first report of differential titin isoform expression in healthy, mature human skeletal muscle, but it is not clear why this occurs or what influence this may have on performance.
{"title":"Differential titin isoform expression in human skeletal muscle.","authors":"A. Fry, R. Staron, C. James, R. S. Hikida, F. Hagerman","doi":"10.1249/00005768-199505001-00545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00545","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian skeletal muscle expresses at least two isoforms of the cytoskeletal protein titin (connectin; MW approximately 3000 kDa). These isoforms are associated with different passive force curves, and thus may affect physical performance. To study the distribution of titin and its possible influence on performance in humans, muscle biopsies were obtained from 15 males (mean +/- SE; age = 25.4 +/- 2.9 years, height = 177.7 +/- 1.8 cm, weight = 76.5 +/- 2.2 kg). Two biopsies were obtained on separate occasions from both the right and left vastus lateralis, and one biopsy each from the lateral head of the right gastrocnemius and the right soleus, with all biopsies handled identically. Fibre type analyses were performed via mATPase histochemistry. Expression of titin and myosin heavy chain isoforms were determined by SDS-PAGE. Titin bands in the resulting gels were highly repeatable and were verified by migration patterns, as well as Western blot analysis. Two groups of subjects were identified: group 1 (n = 10) expressed only one titin isoform (titin-1) in all biopsies, and group 2 (n = 5) expressed two titin isoforms (titin-1 and titin-2) in all biopsies. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups were observed for percentage fibre types, percentage fibre type areas, fibre type cross-sectional areas, and percentage myosin heavy chain expression when comparing individual muscles, sampling times or bilateral comparisons. This is the first report of differential titin isoform expression in healthy, mature human skeletal muscle, but it is not clear why this occurs or what influence this may have on performance.","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84745517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9781315244426-49
T. Regan
Animals have occupied a precarious, often changing position in the major moral traditions of Western thought. Viewed as reincarnations of human souls in Eastern thought, they have been denied not only souls but awareness in others. And while some theories argue that we have duties directly to sentient animals, others maintain that all our duties involving these animals are indirect duties to humanity. The implications of these approaches for animal experimentation will be explained, as will the fundamental difference between the philosophy of animal rights, on the one hand, and these traditional approaches, on the other. That philosophy is categorically abolitionist in its implications concerning the harmful use of animals in science, whereas the traditional approaches are reformist at best.
{"title":"The rights of humans and other animals.","authors":"T. Regan","doi":"10.4324/9781315244426-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315244426-49","url":null,"abstract":"Animals have occupied a precarious, often changing position in the major moral traditions of Western thought. Viewed as reincarnations of human souls in Eastern thought, they have been denied not only souls but awareness in others. And while some theories argue that we have duties directly to sentient animals, others maintain that all our duties involving these animals are indirect duties to humanity. The implications of these approaches for animal experimentation will be explained, as will the fundamental difference between the philosophy of animal rights, on the one hand, and these traditional approaches, on the other. That philosophy is categorically abolitionist in its implications concerning the harmful use of animals in science, whereas the traditional approaches are reformist at best.","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88354896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of knowledge of metabolic integration to the problem of metabolic limitations in middle distance and marathon running.","authors":"Newsholme Ea","doi":"10.1159/000416276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000416276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84015816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the mechanism of barbiturate action on potassium channels in the nerve membrane.","authors":"P Arhem, H Kristbjarnarson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13562433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00098
E. Nygaard, M. Houston, Y. Suzuki, K. Jørgensen, B. Saltin
This study was undertaken to determine whether skeletal muscle fibre characteristics could be demonstrated to be of significance for muscle function in voluntary contraction in man. 4 male and 4 female adult subjects were studied. During elbow flexion force and velocity was measured at the hand with the forearm in a 100 degree position. A motor-driven heavy flywheel guaranteed a constant velocity or movement at the time of measurement. Force was registered by a straingauge dynamometer, and velocity by two sets of photocells. Cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle was determined by computerized tomography scanning. Muscle fibre composition and fibre cross-sectional areas were assessed histochemically on needle biopsy samples obtained superficially from the brachial biceps muscle, the more superficial of the two large elbow flexor muscles. At contraction velocities from 2 to 7 radians per second (rad/s) a close relationship existed between the relative force output and the relative area of fast-twitch fibers (p less than 0.01). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force averaged 189 N (120 to 309 N), and showed a close relationship with total cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle. The specific tension (maximal isometric tension) of the muscle averaged 33 N/cm2 with no demonstrable difference between subjects of widely different fibre compositions, suggesting that maximal tetanic tension is similar in fast- and slow-twitch fibres in man.
{"title":"Morphology of the brachial biceps muscle and elbow flexion in man.","authors":"E. Nygaard, M. Houston, Y. Suzuki, K. Jørgensen, B. Saltin","doi":"10.1249/00005768-198101320-00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198101320-00098","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to determine whether skeletal muscle fibre characteristics could be demonstrated to be of significance for muscle function in voluntary contraction in man. 4 male and 4 female adult subjects were studied. During elbow flexion force and velocity was measured at the hand with the forearm in a 100 degree position. A motor-driven heavy flywheel guaranteed a constant velocity or movement at the time of measurement. Force was registered by a straingauge dynamometer, and velocity by two sets of photocells. Cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle was determined by computerized tomography scanning. Muscle fibre composition and fibre cross-sectional areas were assessed histochemically on needle biopsy samples obtained superficially from the brachial biceps muscle, the more superficial of the two large elbow flexor muscles. At contraction velocities from 2 to 7 radians per second (rad/s) a close relationship existed between the relative force output and the relative area of fast-twitch fibers (p less than 0.01). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force averaged 189 N (120 to 309 N), and showed a close relationship with total cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle. The specific tension (maximal isometric tension) of the muscle averaged 33 N/cm2 with no demonstrable difference between subjects of widely different fibre compositions, suggesting that maximal tetanic tension is similar in fast- and slow-twitch fibres in man.","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75541394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-10-01DOI: 10.1097/00132586-198210000-00011
C. Carlsson, M. Keykhah, Deborah S. Smith, J. Harp
{"title":"Influence of high dose fentanyl on cerebral blood flow and metabolism.","authors":"C. Carlsson, M. Keykhah, Deborah S. Smith, J. Harp","doi":"10.1097/00132586-198210000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198210000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86140882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts from the Scandinavian Physiological Society meeting in Oslo 2-3 November 1979.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17169912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0419-0_2
J. McCord, K. Wong, Stokes Sh, W. F. Petrone, D. English
{"title":"Free Radicals as Mediators of Tissue Injury","authors":"J. McCord, K. Wong, Stokes Sh, W. F. Petrone, D. English","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4612-0419-0_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0419-0_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83003039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts from meeting of the Scandinavian Physiological Society in Odense 3--4 November 1978.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7160,"journal":{"name":"Acta physiologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11625281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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