{"title":"The Dublin Declaration of Scientists on the Societal Role of Livestock.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/af/vfad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 2","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10105840/pdf/vfad013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9440230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Dairy help solve the malnutrition crisis in developing countries?","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/af/vfad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/7e/vfad006.PMC9947322.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural policies are increasingly being asked to do more to address the extensive global burden of undernutrition (Ruel and Alderman, 2013). Undernutrition in early childhood is particularly costly because of its lifelong consequences: poor health, inferior educational outcomes, and lower wages and productivity in adulthood (Black et al., 2013). But to be effective, nutrition-smart agricultural interventions need to produce meaningful dietary improvements very early in life when economically disadvantaged infants and young children are exposed to rising nutrient requirements that are not met by adequate nutrient intake, absorption, and utilization. The intake problem stems from low-quality diets and poor feeding practices, while absorption and utilization problems arise from repeated as well as chronic infections, particularly of the gut. One area within agriculture with tremendous potential to influence early childhood nutrition is the dairy sector. Dairy products have a range of nutritional and physical characteristics that make them an almost ideal complementary food. Undernourished children in poor countries are often deficient in foods rich in high-quality proteins comprised of essential amino acids that constitute the building blocks for linear growth and cognitive development (Semba, 2016). Dairy has a higher digestibility-corrected amino acid score than any other food (1.21) and is particularly efficacious at closing amino acid gaps in the monotonous diets prevalent in Africa and Asia (FAO, 2013), and in poorer populations more exposed to infections (Semba, 2016). Dairy is unique in stimulating plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a growth hormone that acts to increase the uptake of amino acids (FAO, 2013). Dairy is also dense in calories, fat, and various micronutrients (vitamin A and B12), as well as being exceptionally rich in calcium (which contributes to bone length and strength), potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus (Dror and Allen, 2014). Finally, the sheer density of multiple macroand micronutrients in dairy products—as well as their taste, and familiar texture and consistency—makes them almost ideal for infants and young children with small stomachs incapable of consuming large quantities of nutrient-sparse foods so common in diets of poorer households. Consistent with the biological importance of milk for nutrition, a diverse and growing body of evidence links dairy consumption to faster growth in early childhood. A public health-nutrition literature has engaged in efficacy and programmatic trials of dairy products on growth in different stages of childhood, and across diverse populations. It finds significant impacts of dairy on child growth (de Beer, 2012; Dror and Allen, 2014). An extensive literature from economic history argues that production of milk—as well as genetic markers of lactose tolerance (Grasgruber et al., 2014)—explains differences in adult height across countries and ethnic groups. In agricultural
{"title":"Can dairy help solve the malnutrition crisis in developing countries? An economic analysis.","authors":"Derek Headey","doi":"10.1093/af/vfac083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac083","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural policies are increasingly being asked to do more to address the extensive global burden of undernutrition (Ruel and Alderman, 2013). Undernutrition in early childhood is particularly costly because of its lifelong consequences: poor health, inferior educational outcomes, and lower wages and productivity in adulthood (Black et al., 2013). But to be effective, nutrition-smart agricultural interventions need to produce meaningful dietary improvements very early in life when economically disadvantaged infants and young children are exposed to rising nutrient requirements that are not met by adequate nutrient intake, absorption, and utilization. The intake problem stems from low-quality diets and poor feeding practices, while absorption and utilization problems arise from repeated as well as chronic infections, particularly of the gut. One area within agriculture with tremendous potential to influence early childhood nutrition is the dairy sector. Dairy products have a range of nutritional and physical characteristics that make them an almost ideal complementary food. Undernourished children in poor countries are often deficient in foods rich in high-quality proteins comprised of essential amino acids that constitute the building blocks for linear growth and cognitive development (Semba, 2016). Dairy has a higher digestibility-corrected amino acid score than any other food (1.21) and is particularly efficacious at closing amino acid gaps in the monotonous diets prevalent in Africa and Asia (FAO, 2013), and in poorer populations more exposed to infections (Semba, 2016). Dairy is unique in stimulating plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a growth hormone that acts to increase the uptake of amino acids (FAO, 2013). Dairy is also dense in calories, fat, and various micronutrients (vitamin A and B12), as well as being exceptionally rich in calcium (which contributes to bone length and strength), potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus (Dror and Allen, 2014). Finally, the sheer density of multiple macroand micronutrients in dairy products—as well as their taste, and familiar texture and consistency—makes them almost ideal for infants and young children with small stomachs incapable of consuming large quantities of nutrient-sparse foods so common in diets of poorer households. Consistent with the biological importance of milk for nutrition, a diverse and growing body of evidence links dairy consumption to faster growth in early childhood. A public health-nutrition literature has engaged in efficacy and programmatic trials of dairy products on growth in different stages of childhood, and across diverse populations. It finds significant impacts of dairy on child growth (de Beer, 2012; Dror and Allen, 2014). An extensive literature from economic history argues that production of milk—as well as genetic markers of lactose tolerance (Grasgruber et al., 2014)—explains differences in adult height across countries and ethnic groups. In agricultural","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9341376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"World Association for Animal Production (WAAP).","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/af/vfad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947316/pdf/vfad011.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 72<sup>nd</sup> EAAP Annual Meeting Will be Held in Lyon (France) from 26<sup>th</sup> August to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/af/vfad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"48-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947318/pdf/vfad010.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1985, China has been the world’s largest egg producer. In 2020, 3.3 billion layer hens were reared in China, producing 29.8 million tons of eggs (around 40% of the world’s egg production, see Figure 1; FAO, 2022). Battery cage production became common in China in the 1980s and by 2017 approximately 90% of farms used cages (IEC, 2017). Internationally, concern for animal welfare has begun to encourage a shift towards less confined housing systems, including cage-free housing for hens (with or without access to the outdoors). Any transition to cage-free systems will depend upon a variety of factors including the values of consumers and the way these eggs are marketed. The effects of this transition on hen welfare will depend on the degree to which cagefree housing methods actually benefit the birds themselves. In this paper we review the development of cage-free farming in China in relation to consumer preferences and hen welfare. Our aims are to 1) describe the history of egg production in China, including changes in cage-free production, 2) describe current consumer preferences for eggs, including attributes associated with hen housing and welfare, 3) review the link between cage-free housing and hen welfare, 4) describe approaches to help improve hen welfare on cage-free farms, and 5) identify areas for future research.
{"title":"Cage-free eggs in China.","authors":"Maria Chen, Huipin Lee, Yuchen Lin, Dan Weary","doi":"10.1093/af/vfac078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac078","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1985, China has been the world’s largest egg producer. In 2020, 3.3 billion layer hens were reared in China, producing 29.8 million tons of eggs (around 40% of the world’s egg production, see Figure 1; FAO, 2022). Battery cage production became common in China in the 1980s and by 2017 approximately 90% of farms used cages (IEC, 2017). Internationally, concern for animal welfare has begun to encourage a shift towards less confined housing systems, including cage-free housing for hens (with or without access to the outdoors). Any transition to cage-free systems will depend upon a variety of factors including the values of consumers and the way these eggs are marketed. The effects of this transition on hen welfare will depend on the degree to which cagefree housing methods actually benefit the birds themselves. In this paper we review the development of cage-free farming in China in relation to consumer preferences and hen welfare. Our aims are to 1) describe the history of egg production in China, including changes in cage-free production, 2) describe current consumer preferences for eggs, including attributes associated with hen housing and welfare, 3) review the link between cage-free housing and hen welfare, 4) describe approaches to help improve hen welfare on cage-free farms, and 5) identify areas for future research.","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Meat Science Association (AMSA).","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/af/vfad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfad007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72200,"journal":{"name":"Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9947315/pdf/vfad007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9328183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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