The color of human eyes is often the same as the iris of the eye, which itself consists of two parts: the anterior layer of iris stroma and the posterior layer or posterior pigment epithelium. Based on experiments, it is believed that iris color is determined based on four factors: pigment granules in the posterior pigment epithelium, pigment concentration in iris stromal melanocytes, melanin pigments in iris melanocytes, and the scattering and absorption of light from the extracellular matrix properties of the stroma. Becomes. In general, melanocytes in the iris stroma have a greater effect on iris color. These types of cells contain a biopolymeric and inert substance called melanin, which itself has two types: brown-black or Eumelanin and red-yellow or Pheomelanin.
{"title":"The Effect of Various Genetic Diseases and Eye Surgeries on Iris Discoloration","authors":"A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/120","url":null,"abstract":"The color of human eyes is often the same as the iris of the eye, which itself consists of two parts: the anterior layer of iris stroma and the posterior layer or posterior pigment epithelium. Based on experiments, it is believed that iris color is determined based on four factors: pigment granules in the posterior pigment epithelium, pigment concentration in iris stromal melanocytes, melanin pigments in iris melanocytes, and the scattering and absorption of light from the extracellular matrix properties of the stroma. Becomes. In general, melanocytes in the iris stroma have a greater effect on iris color. These types of cells contain a biopolymeric and inert substance called melanin, which itself has two types: brown-black or Eumelanin and red-yellow or Pheomelanin.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44471988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review involved Dendrimer in pharmaceutical applications. Dendrimers are the most important medical nano-polymers in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology, which have been used in many pharmaceutical applications. Many technical applications of many biological elements such as proteins, viruses, or bacteria, including applications of chromatography, optical information technology, sensors, stimulation and drug delivery, require immobilization or immobilization of these biologicals. Here, carbon nanotubes, gold particles and synthetic polymers can be used for such purposes. Here we note that this immobilization process can be achieved mostly through adsorption or chemical bonding or to a lesser extent by incorporating these elements as guests in the host matrices. We also note that in the case of guest and host systems, an optimal method for immobilizing the bio-elements as well as incorporating them into a serial structure based on the nanoscale must be established to facilitate the interactions of the bio-nano-elements within their own environment. This is due to the large number of synthetic or natural polymers available and the advanced and developed methods for processing such systems for nanofibers, rods or tubes etc., this makes the polymers a good base for immobilizing different biomaterials.
{"title":"Review on Applications of Dendrimer-Chemical Compounds in Pharmaceutical and Industrial Fields","authors":"Nagham Mahmood Aljamali","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/115","url":null,"abstract":"This review involved Dendrimer in pharmaceutical applications. Dendrimers are the most important medical nano-polymers in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology, which have been used in many pharmaceutical applications. Many technical applications of many biological elements such as proteins, viruses, or bacteria, including applications of chromatography, optical information technology, sensors, stimulation and drug delivery, require immobilization or immobilization of these biologicals. Here, carbon nanotubes, gold particles and synthetic polymers can be used for such purposes. Here we note that this immobilization process can be achieved mostly through adsorption or chemical bonding or to a lesser extent by incorporating these elements as guests in the host matrices. We also note that in the case of guest and host systems, an optimal method for immobilizing the bio-elements as well as incorporating them into a serial structure based on the nanoscale must be established to facilitate the interactions of the bio-nano-elements within their own environment. This is due to the large number of synthetic or natural polymers available and the advanced and developed methods for processing such systems for nanofibers, rods or tubes etc., this makes the polymers a good base for immobilizing different biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Up till now, many different techniques have been used for the treatmentof 1st carpometacarpal (cmc) joint arthritis. Here we present a new combination of well- known techniques and surgical approaches that gave excellent results in a five year follow up.
{"title":"A new combination of surgical techniques for the treatment of 1st carpometacarpal joint arthritis","authors":"Konstantinos C Xarchas","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/117","url":null,"abstract":"Up till now, many different techniques have been used for the treatmentof 1st carpometacarpal (cmc) joint arthritis. Here we present a new combination of well- known techniques and surgical approaches that gave excellent results in a five year follow up.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of fracture toughness, hardness and microstructure of ceramic-modified versus resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. For fracture toughness, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a stainless-steel split mold (25mm length, 2.5mm thickness and 5mm width). Fracture toughness was measured using Lloyd universal testing machine with cross head speed 2 mm/min. For hardness testing, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a disc-shaped stainless-steel mold (5mm diameter and 2mm height). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Hardness was measured using Vickers micro hardness tester with 50 g load. The microstructure of both materials was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results of this study showed there wasn’t significant difference between both materials in fracture toughness. The hardness of ceramic-modified glass ionomer was higher than that of the resin-modified type. The addition of ceramic filler to the glass ionomer didn’t improve its fracture toughness. The microstructure of resin-modified glass ionomer showed tight packing between the matrix and the resin filler, while the ceramic-modified glass ionomer showed separated matrix from the ceramic filler.
{"title":"Fracture Toughness, Hardness, and Microstructure of Ceramic Modified Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials","authors":"Ibrahim M. Hamouda","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/110","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was evaluation and comparison of fracture toughness, hardness and microstructure of ceramic-modified versus resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. For fracture toughness, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a stainless-steel split mold (25mm length, 2.5mm thickness and 5mm width). Fracture toughness was measured using Lloyd universal testing machine with cross head speed 2 mm/min. For hardness testing, 20 specimens from both materials were fabricated in a disc-shaped stainless-steel mold (5mm diameter and 2mm height). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Hardness was measured using Vickers micro hardness tester with 50 g load. The microstructure of both materials was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results of this study showed there wasn’t significant difference between both materials in fracture toughness. The hardness of ceramic-modified glass ionomer was higher than that of the resin-modified type. The addition of ceramic filler to the glass ionomer didn’t improve its fracture toughness. The microstructure of resin-modified glass ionomer showed tight packing between the matrix and the resin filler, while the ceramic-modified glass ionomer showed separated matrix from the ceramic filler.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47518245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Speech is a brain function that includes virtual, mobile and sensory part for the understanding and the production of spoken and written language. The aim of this study was to present the adaptation of the diagnostic tool Examining for aphasia – 4th edition (EFA -4) in the Greek language. In dementia and especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the speech and language disorders are the main diagnostic features, along with the worsening impairment of memory. The diagnostic tool EFA-4 is a standardized, reliable and valid measure of speech and language disorders. The test was administered to 50 adults separately. The sample selection, although it had uniformity in age, was regardless of origin, marital status and socioeconomic status. According to the results of the research, the EFA-4 is perceived to be particularly useful in the setting of language deficits of the patients with AD, who participated in the survey.
{"title":"Application of the Diagnostic Tool Efa-4 in Dementia","authors":"Erkotidou Sofia","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/112","url":null,"abstract":"Speech is a brain function that includes virtual, mobile and sensory part for the understanding and the production of spoken and written language. The aim of this study was to present the adaptation of the diagnostic tool Examining for aphasia – 4th edition (EFA -4) in the Greek language. In dementia and especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the speech and language disorders are the main diagnostic features, along with the worsening impairment of memory. The diagnostic tool EFA-4 is a standardized, reliable and valid measure of speech and language disorders. The test was administered to 50 adults separately. The sample selection, although it had uniformity in age, was regardless of origin, marital status and socioeconomic status. According to the results of the research, the EFA-4 is perceived to be particularly useful in the setting of language deficits of the patients with AD, who participated in the survey.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42581056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current informational review or survey addresses the risk factors for increasing the risk of developing malignance, tumors have several causes that lead to the occurrence of a tumor. There are a group of interrelated factors, including the genetic factor, the hormonal factor, environmental factors, social biology, and physiology of organs, which can affect its development, in addition to other risk factors, such as: disorders of breast proliferation that are related to the development of Breast malignance, especially if the biopsy shows A typical hyperplasia. However, 70% of malignance patients cannot identify risk factors. Advanced-stage malignance s can erode the skin to cause open sores (ulcers), but they are not necessarily painful. Women with non-healing wounds in the breast should have a biopsy. Breast malignance may spread to other places in the body and lead to other symptoms. The most common first site of spread is often the lymph nodes under the arm, although malignance -carrying lymph nodes may be imperceptible. Over time, malignance cells may spread to other organs, including the lungs, liver, brain and bones. Once in these places, new symptoms related to the malignance, such as bone pain or headaches, may develop.
{"title":"Risk Factors for Increasing of the Cancer Developing","authors":"Nagham M Aljamali","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/114","url":null,"abstract":"The current informational review or survey addresses the risk factors for increasing the risk of developing malignance, tumors have several causes that lead to the occurrence of a tumor. There are a group of interrelated factors, including the genetic factor, the hormonal factor, environmental factors, social biology, and physiology of organs, which can affect its development, in addition to other risk factors, such as: disorders of breast proliferation that are related to the development of Breast malignance, especially if the biopsy shows A typical hyperplasia. However, 70% of malignance patients cannot identify risk factors. Advanced-stage malignance s can erode the skin to cause open sores (ulcers), but they are not necessarily painful. Women with non-healing wounds in the breast should have a biopsy. Breast malignance may spread to other places in the body and lead to other symptoms. The most common first site of spread is often the lymph nodes under the arm, although malignance -carrying lymph nodes may be imperceptible. Over time, malignance cells may spread to other organs, including the lungs, liver, brain and bones. Once in these places, new symptoms related to the malignance, such as bone pain or headaches, may develop.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47522642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The setback of microbial resistance is growing and the use of antimicrobial drugs in the future is still uncertain. Infectious diseases are accountable for millions of global deaths annually. Therefore, necessary steps need to be taken to reduce this problem. In the present study, crude extracts of leaves, bark and resins of Cedrus deodara in methanol was investigated for secondary metabolites (flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids) and antibacterial effect of Cedrus deodara was evaluated on multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard. The methanolic extracts of leaves of C. deodara tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins and terpenoids. The Bark was tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins but resins was tested positive for terpenoids. Leaves of C. deodara showed zone of inhibition with all the five strains of microorganisms, which were used. C. deodara resin methanolic extract showed maximum zone of inhibition with Bacillus subtilis which are 25 ± 0.1 mm and bark showed maximum zone of inhibition with Staphylococcus aureus 21 ± 0.6 mm. The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. Time-kill curve showed a fast and sharp antimicrobial activity. Based on the research experiments, it was identified, that the methanol extract of Cedrus deodara exhibited quite high antimicrobial activity as well as secondary metabolites and this quality together with lots of other values must be considered in green landscape planning of contemporary urban environment and for the other purposes too.
{"title":"Deodar Cedar (Cedrus Deodara): Efficacy for Potential of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity","authors":"V. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/111","url":null,"abstract":"The setback of microbial resistance is growing and the use of antimicrobial drugs in the future is still uncertain. Infectious diseases are accountable for millions of global deaths annually. Therefore, necessary steps need to be taken to reduce this problem. In the present study, crude extracts of leaves, bark and resins of Cedrus deodara in methanol was investigated for secondary metabolites (flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids) and antibacterial effect of Cedrus deodara was evaluated on multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard. The methanolic extracts of leaves of C. deodara tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins and terpenoids. The Bark was tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins but resins was tested positive for terpenoids. Leaves of C. deodara showed zone of inhibition with all the five strains of microorganisms, which were used. C. deodara resin methanolic extract showed maximum zone of inhibition with Bacillus subtilis which are 25 ± 0.1 mm and bark showed maximum zone of inhibition with Staphylococcus aureus 21 ± 0.6 mm. The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. Time-kill curve showed a fast and sharp antimicrobial activity. Based on the research experiments, it was identified, that the methanol extract of Cedrus deodara exhibited quite high antimicrobial activity as well as secondary metabolites and this quality together with lots of other values must be considered in green landscape planning of contemporary urban environment and for the other purposes too.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The type and nature of food affect the increase or decrease in the risk of developing cancerous tumors and the speed of their spread, as the type of food has a significant impact on increasing the risk of cancer.About a third of deaths from cancer are attributed to tobacco use, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and lack of physical activity. Cancer-causing infections, such as hepatitis and HPV, are responsible for 30% of cancer cases in low- and lower-middle-income countries. It is common for late-stage cancer symptoms to be unavailable for diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Universal treatment is reported to be available in more than 90% of high-income countries, but only less than 15% of low-income countries. In 2019, only 1 in 3 countries reported high-quality data on cancer rates. Cancer is a general term that includes a wide range of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. A hallmark of cancer is the rapid generation of abnormal cells that grow outside their usual boundaries and can then invade neighboring parts of the body and spread to other parts of the body. The last operation is called metastasis, and metastases are the most important cause of death from cancer. Currently, between 30% and 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by avoiding disease risk factors and implementing existing, evidence-based strategies for prevention. The burden of cancer can also be reduced by detecting the disease early and providing patients with adequate treatment and care, knowing that the chances of recovery from many types of cancer increase if they are diagnosed early and treated appropriately.
{"title":"Relationship between Food Type and Increased Risk of Cancer","authors":"Nagham M Aljamali","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/113","url":null,"abstract":"The type and nature of food affect the increase or decrease in the risk of developing cancerous tumors and the speed of their spread, as the type of food has a significant impact on increasing the risk of cancer.About a third of deaths from cancer are attributed to tobacco use, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and lack of physical activity. Cancer-causing infections, such as hepatitis and HPV, are responsible for 30% of cancer cases in low- and lower-middle-income countries. It is common for late-stage cancer symptoms to be unavailable for diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Universal treatment is reported to be available in more than 90% of high-income countries, but only less than 15% of low-income countries. In 2019, only 1 in 3 countries reported high-quality data on cancer rates. Cancer is a general term that includes a wide range of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. A hallmark of cancer is the rapid generation of abnormal cells that grow outside their usual boundaries and can then invade neighboring parts of the body and spread to other parts of the body. The last operation is called metastasis, and metastases are the most important cause of death from cancer. Currently, between 30% and 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by avoiding disease risk factors and implementing existing, evidence-based strategies for prevention. The burden of cancer can also be reduced by detecting the disease early and providing patients with adequate treatment and care, knowing that the chances of recovery from many types of cancer increase if they are diagnosed early and treated appropriately.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45847711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pregnancy is associated with series of biochemical changes such as changes in cardiovascular markers. These changes may contribute to risk of developing cardiovascular disease among this group of people. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating changes in cardiovascular biochemical markers in pregnancy. This research was a cross-sectional study with 150 female subjects divided into three groups; control (non-pregnant women), 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester. Each of the group had 50 subjects each. Subjects were selected randomly from Rivers State University and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood was collected using venipuncture technique (WHO, 2010). The collected blood was carefully dispensed into plain vacutainer tubes and assayed for uric acid, Apo A1 and B, CRP, TG, HDL and TC while VLDL and LDL were calculated. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.2.263. ANOVA results revealed that there were significant differences in TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, CRP, ApoA1, and ApoB levels among non-pregnant, 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups of normotensive pregnant women (P<0.05) except for uric acid (UA) that showed no significant difference. Post hoc analysis revealed significant difference in studied parameters between groups except in HDL, TG and VLDL in non-pregnant and 2nd trimester group while UA remained non-significant between compared groups. This study has shown that pregnancy causes significant changes in cardiovascular risk markers in healthy pregnant women.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cardiovascular Markers in Normotensive Pregnant Women","authors":"O. Akinfolarin, Bartimaeus, E.S, Akinfolarin O.M.","doi":"10.31579/2690-8816/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8816/107","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is associated with series of biochemical changes such as changes in cardiovascular markers. These changes may contribute to risk of developing cardiovascular disease among this group of people. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating changes in cardiovascular biochemical markers in pregnancy. This research was a cross-sectional study with 150 female subjects divided into three groups; control (non-pregnant women), 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester. Each of the group had 50 subjects each. Subjects were selected randomly from Rivers State University and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood was collected using venipuncture technique (WHO, 2010). The collected blood was carefully dispensed into plain vacutainer tubes and assayed for uric acid, Apo A1 and B, CRP, TG, HDL and TC while VLDL and LDL were calculated. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.2.263. ANOVA results revealed that there were significant differences in TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, CRP, ApoA1, and ApoB levels among non-pregnant, 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups of normotensive pregnant women (P<0.05) except for uric acid (UA) that showed no significant difference. Post hoc analysis revealed significant difference in studied parameters between groups except in HDL, TG and VLDL in non-pregnant and 2nd trimester group while UA remained non-significant between compared groups. This study has shown that pregnancy causes significant changes in cardiovascular risk markers in healthy pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The introduction of coronavirus (CoV) shocked our planet in December 2019, resulting in over five million deaths worldwide over the previous two years [1]. Physical and social separation is required as a precautionary step for this infectious and transmissible pandemic. There are several mutant variations of the original SARS-CoV-2. Because of its striking similarities to SARS-CoV, the new coronavirus was first termed SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), but was later designated Coronavirus Disease-19, or COVID-19
{"title":"Covid-19 Vaccine Efficacy on Omicron Variant","authors":"Sadique Hussain","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/109","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of coronavirus (CoV) shocked our planet in December 2019, resulting in over five million deaths worldwide over the previous two years [1]. Physical and social separation is required as a precautionary step for this infectious and transmissible pandemic. There are several mutant variations of the original SARS-CoV-2. Because of its striking similarities to SARS-CoV, the new coronavirus was first termed SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), but was later designated Coronavirus Disease-19, or COVID-19","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43274375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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