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Conserving Nervous Energy. 节约神经能量。
Pub Date : 1918-10-01
Edwin F Bowers
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引用次数: 0
Personals
Pub Date : 1918-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/000313135300300111
Renée Lepreau
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引用次数: 5
Military Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases. 军队性病预防。
Pub Date : 1918-10-01
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引用次数: 0
Military Personals. 军事人物。
Pub Date : 1918-10-01
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引用次数: 0
Civil Practice. 公民实践。
Pub Date : 1918-10-01
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引用次数: 0
Personals. 人物。
Pub Date : 1918-10-01
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引用次数: 0
Air Space 空气的空间
Pub Date : 1918-10-01 DOI: 10.1163/2213-2996_flg_1000000557
Andrew Wingfield
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引用次数: 4
Typhus Fever 斑疹伤寒
Pub Date : 1918-09-01 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1923.tb64818.x
A. L. Lincecum
cells of the growth proper and, indeed, I think it likely that the two varieties represent different evolutionary phasesin the developmentof primitive mesoblasticcells, such cells being capableof developing through fibroblasts to white fibrous tissue on the one hand and through endothelial cells to the formation of blood vessels and spaceson the other. The walls of these vessels are so thin that rupture readily takesplace and the red cells insinuatethemselves betweenthe strandsconstituting the growth. In parts of the growth, especiallywhere myxomatouschangesare present,quite large heemorrhagesare to be seen. I amdoubtful whether, in some instanceswhere red cells are seen separatingindividual spindle cells, it might not be that the spindle cells are invading the blood as happensfor instancein the organizationof a thrombosedhremorrhoid. I am the more inclined to think that this may be so, becausethere are in places among the red blood cells not only spindle cells correspondingto fibroblasts, but also young, thin-walled blood capillaries. If this theory be correct, it would seem that these spindle cells can on occasion forego their purposelessproliferation and carry out the functions which cells of such a type are wont to -perform in health. Regarded from this point of view these portions of the tumour are analogous to young granulationtissue invading blood clot. In addition to the types of blood vesselsalreadydescribed thereis still anothervariety (FigureV.). At first sight this type appearsto be a very thick-walled vessel surrounded by a clear zone of degeneratetissue which takes . on a faint cytoplasmic stain. Closer examination shows that the lining layer is composedof cells shl1ilar to those consituting the thin-walled blood vessels elsewhere and that what appearsto be a thick vessel wall is really a sheathof tumour cells. Why the sheathends abruptly at the edge of the clear zone and why there is a clear zone is obscure. In some instancesthe clear zone extends to the actual single layer of cells forming the wall of the vessel,so that degenerationfrom inanition scarcelyseems an adequateexplanation. _ Many of the thin-walled vesselsin parts of the tumour are almost filled with leucocytes mainly polymorphonuclear cells (Figure I). The fact that the patient had a well marked leucocytosisis interesting in this regard. No satisfactoryexplanationof the leucocytosisis apparent; If the new growth were responsible, it might have accountedfor the leucocytosisin one of two ways: (c) As the result of necrosis with secondarysuppuration in the tumour leading to stimulation of the leucoblastic marrow. (b) By the formation of leucocyteslocally in the tumour. With regard to the former of these two alternativesit must be statedthat grosssuppurationwas not observedin the tumour. The secondof these alternativesis at least worthy of consideration,for it is now widely acceptedthat hrematopoiesisis not a function of bone marrow only. Unfortunately no blood films were
事实上,我认为这两种细胞很可能代表了原始中胚层细胞发育的不同进化阶段,这些细胞一方面能够发育成纤维细胞到白色纤维组织,另一方面能够发育成内皮细胞到血管和空间的形成。这些血管的壁很薄,很容易破裂,红细胞在构成生长的两条链之间游走。在生长的部分,特别是出现黏液瘤变化的地方,可以看到相当大的出血。我怀疑,在某些情况下,红细胞从单个梭形细胞中分离出来,这可能不是梭形细胞侵入血液,例如在血栓形成的痔疮组织中。我更倾向于认为这可能是真的,因为在红细胞中不仅有与成纤维细胞相对应的梭形细胞,而且还有年轻的薄壁毛细血管。如果这一理论是正确的,那么这些梭形细胞似乎可以偶尔放弃它们的无目的增殖,并执行这种类型的细胞在健康时通常执行的功能。从这个角度来看,肿瘤的这些部分类似于侵入血凝块的年轻肉芽组织。除了已经描述的血管类型之外,还有另一种类型(图5)。乍一看,这种类型似乎是一个非常厚的血管,周围是一个清晰的退行性组织区。在微弱的细胞质染色上。更仔细的检查表明,内膜层是由细胞组成的,这些细胞与其他地方薄壁血管的细胞组成的细胞相似,而看起来很厚的血管壁实际上是肿瘤细胞的鞘层。为何鞘突会在透明带的边缘终止,以及为何会有透明带,目前还不清楚。在某些情况下,透明区延伸到形成血管壁的实际单层细胞,因此,由空洞引起的变性似乎很难得到充分的解释。_肿瘤部分的许多薄壁血管几乎充满了白细胞,主要是多形核细胞(图1)。在这方面,患者有明显的白细胞增多的事实很有趣。对白细胞增多没有满意的解释;如果新生长的肿瘤起作用,它可能以以下两种方式之一解释白细胞增多症:(c)由于肿瘤坏死伴继发性化脓,导致白细胞骨髓受到刺激。(b)肿瘤局部形成白细胞。关于这两种选择的前一种,必须声明在肿瘤中未观察到明显的化脓。第二种选择至少是值得考虑的,因为现在人们普遍认为造血不仅仅是骨髓的功能。不幸的是,没有从新鲜状态下的标本中提取血膜,尽管在某些地方有一些暗示,但组织学图片显示没有令人信服的证据表明肿瘤中正在活跃的血液形成。•IReUiews。
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引用次数: 0
Water Filtration. 水过滤。
Pub Date : 1918-09-01
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引用次数: 0
Post Bellum Problems. 战后问题。
Pub Date : 1918-09-01
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引用次数: 0
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Buffalo medical journal
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