Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000020
A. Borg, E. Brabant, M. Schmitt
Turner’s syndrome (TS) is a relatively common chromosomal abnormality frequently associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, such as a bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta, as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies have shown that these patients have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, there is at least the theoretical potential that well-established treatments that are intended to address the short stature and hormonal deficiencies in these patients may negatively influence their cardiovascular risk profile. Further, the congenital structural abnormalities commonly found in TS, and long-term complications associated with them, warrant regular monitoring utilizing various cardiovascular imaging modalities to determine the need for timely surgical intervention. In this review, we summarize the main features of this syndrome, with emphasis on issues that impact the management, diagnostic work up, and monitoring of cardiovascular problems in adult patients with TS.
{"title":"Cardiovascular aspects in the diagnosis and management of Turner’s syndrome","authors":"A. Borg, E. Brabant, M. Schmitt","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000020","url":null,"abstract":"Turner’s syndrome (TS) is a relatively common chromosomal abnormality frequently associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, such as a bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta, as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies have shown that these patients have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, there is at least the theoretical potential that well-established treatments that are intended to address the short stature and hormonal deficiencies in these patients may negatively influence their cardiovascular risk profile. Further, the congenital structural abnormalities commonly found in TS, and long-term complications associated with them, warrant regular monitoring utilizing various cardiovascular imaging modalities to determine the need for timely surgical intervention. In this review, we summarize the main features of this syndrome, with emphasis on issues that impact the management, diagnostic work up, and monitoring of cardiovascular problems in adult patients with TS.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"60 1","pages":"45–58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86900708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000015
Innocent Monya-Tambi, R. Castillo, Asma Syed
Cardiac arrhythmias may be caused by hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, with or without underlying cardiovascular disease. It may be difficult to establish a relationship between hypoglycemia alone and cardiac arrhythmia, especially in elderly diabetic patients, because of the presence of multiple comorbidities. We report a case of an elderly patient with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, who presented with delirium secondary to severe hypoglycemia along with prolonged QTc interval and ventricular premature beats, which resolved after correction of hypoglycemia.
{"title":"QTc prolongation and ventricular premature complexes secondary to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient","authors":"Innocent Monya-Tambi, R. Castillo, Asma Syed","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000015","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac arrhythmias may be caused by hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, with or without underlying cardiovascular disease. It may be difficult to establish a relationship between hypoglycemia alone and cardiac arrhythmia, especially in elderly diabetic patients, because of the presence of multiple comorbidities. We report a case of an elderly patient with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, who presented with delirium secondary to severe hypoglycemia along with prolonged QTc interval and ventricular premature beats, which resolved after correction of hypoglycemia.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"10 1","pages":"79–81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75354739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000024
M. Rademaker, C. Charles, M. Richards
The use of animal models has been crucial to our understanding of the causation, progression and therapeutic management of disease. The rapid ventricular pacing model of heart failure (HF) in sheep closely replicates the haemodynamic, endocrine and metabolic characteristics of severe human HF, and has been utilized extensively in the study of key and newly discovered hormones implicated in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The large body size and blood volume of the sheep enable comprehensive instrumentation to provide diverse and multiple haemodynamic measurements and allow repeated blood and urine sampling – all of which are vital in capturing an integrated picture of the biological effects of HF and determining intersystem inter-relationships. This review focuses on the urocortin peptides as an example showing the range of studies carried out in this ovine model to help elucidate the pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential of a hormone in HF.
{"title":"Sheep for the study of the urocortins and other hormones","authors":"M. Rademaker, C. Charles, M. Richards","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000024","url":null,"abstract":"The use of animal models has been crucial to our understanding of the causation, progression and therapeutic management of disease. The rapid ventricular pacing model of heart failure (HF) in sheep closely replicates the haemodynamic, endocrine and metabolic characteristics of severe human HF, and has been utilized extensively in the study of key and newly discovered hormones implicated in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The large body size and blood volume of the sheep enable comprehensive instrumentation to provide diverse and multiple haemodynamic measurements and allow repeated blood and urine sampling – all of which are vital in capturing an integrated picture of the biological effects of HF and determining intersystem inter-relationships. This review focuses on the urocortin peptides as an example showing the range of studies carried out in this ovine model to help elucidate the pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential of a hormone in HF.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"89 1","pages":"39–43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73179012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000026
M. Oyama
Animal models of disease provide the basis for important scientific inquiry of proof of concept, drug safety and efficacy, and exploration of the mechanistic and pathophysiological aspects of disease. Animals with either induced cardiac disease or spontaneously occurring cardiac disease are test beds for new cardiovascular therapies or interventions. Biomarkers in animal models can help characterize disease, stratify risk of morbidity and mortality, and serve as surrogate endpoints. Biomarkers identify important similarities and differences between the animal model and the human condition. The future of biomarkers and animal models includes cross-organ investigation using multiorgan multimarker panels. Industry will use animal models and biomarkers to help shorten the time from drug discovery to market. Biomarker development has outpaced their acceptance in clinical use and carefully designed clinical studies are needed to achieve their maximum potential. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:27–31 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
疾病的动物模型为概念证明、药物安全性和有效性以及疾病的机制和病理生理方面的探索提供了重要的科学研究基础。患有诱发性心脏病或自发性心脏病的动物是新的心血管治疗或干预措施的试验台。动物模型中的生物标志物可以帮助表征疾病，分层发病率和死亡率风险，并作为替代终点。生物标志物识别动物模型和人类状况之间的重要相似性和差异性。生物标志物和动物模型的未来包括使用多器官多标志物小组进行跨器官研究。业界将使用动物模型和生物标志物来帮助缩短从药物发现到市场的时间。生物标志物的发展已经超过了它们在临床应用中的接受程度，需要精心设计的临床研究来实现它们的最大潜力。心血管内分泌3:27-31 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | lipincott Williams & Wilkins。
{"title":"New cardiovascular biomarkers in animal models: what can be expected in the coming years?","authors":"M. Oyama","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000026","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models of disease provide the basis for important scientific inquiry of proof of concept, drug safety and efficacy, and exploration of the mechanistic and pathophysiological aspects of disease. Animals with either induced cardiac disease or spontaneously occurring cardiac disease are test beds for new cardiovascular therapies or interventions. Biomarkers in animal models can help characterize disease, stratify risk of morbidity and mortality, and serve as surrogate endpoints. Biomarkers identify important similarities and differences between the animal model and the human condition. The future of biomarkers and animal models includes cross-organ investigation using multiorgan multimarker panels. Industry will use animal models and biomarkers to help shorten the time from drug discovery to market. Biomarker development has outpaced their acceptance in clinical use and carefully designed clinical studies are needed to achieve their maximum potential. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:27–31 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"44 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84783438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000022
I. Hunter, D. Terzic, N. E. Zois, L. Olsen, J. Goetze
Human heart failure remains a challenging illness despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure patients. There is a need for further improvement of our understanding of the failing myocardium and its molecular deterioration. Porcine models provide an important research tool in this respect as molecular changes can be examined in detail, which is simply not feasible in human patients. However, the human heart failure syndrome is based on symptoms and signs, where pig models mostly mimic the myocardial damage, but without decisive data on clinical presentation and, therefore, a heart failure diagnosis. In perspective, pig models are in need of some verification in terms of the clinical definition of the experimental condition. After all, humans are not pigs, pigs are not humans, and the difference between the species needs to be better understood before pig models can fully be used to elucidate the human heart failure syndrome. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:15–18 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
尽管在心力衰竭患者的诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但人类心力衰竭仍然是一种具有挑战性的疾病。有必要进一步提高我们对衰竭心肌及其分子退化的认识。猪模型在这方面提供了一个重要的研究工具，因为可以详细检查分子变化，这在人类患者中根本是不可行的。然而，人类心力衰竭综合征是基于症状和体征，猪模型大多模仿心肌损伤，但没有临床表现的决定性数据，因此，心衰诊断。从角度来看，猪模型在实验条件的临床定义方面需要一些验证。毕竟，人不是猪，猪也不是人，在猪模型可以充分用于阐明人类心力衰竭综合征之前，需要更好地了解物种之间的差异。心血管内分泌3:15-18 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
{"title":"Pig models for the human heart failure syndrome","authors":"I. Hunter, D. Terzic, N. E. Zois, L. Olsen, J. Goetze","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000022","url":null,"abstract":"Human heart failure remains a challenging illness despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure patients. There is a need for further improvement of our understanding of the failing myocardium and its molecular deterioration. Porcine models provide an important research tool in this respect as molecular changes can be examined in detail, which is simply not feasible in human patients. However, the human heart failure syndrome is based on symptoms and signs, where pig models mostly mimic the myocardial damage, but without decisive data on clinical presentation and, therefore, a heart failure diagnosis. In perspective, pig models are in need of some verification in terms of the clinical definition of the experimental condition. After all, humans are not pigs, pigs are not humans, and the difference between the species needs to be better understood before pig models can fully be used to elucidate the human heart failure syndrome. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:15–18 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"22 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85179182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000027
J. Häggström, I. Ljungvall, K. Höglund
Rodents are frequently used to study aspects of cardiovascular endocrinology. The present review focuses on opportunities offered by naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats, that is larger animal models. In particular, the benefits of using these species include the possibility of studying the same types of naturally occurring diseases as those occurring in humans, and carrying out studies in genetically similar individuals (i.e. breeds) sharing the same environment as humans. Recent findings in neuroendocrine hormones, that is natriuretic peptides, components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and endothelin-1, in dogs and cats are reviewed in this article. As in humans, all these hormones have been evaluated as cardiovascular biomarkers in dogs and cats, and natriuretic peptides have shown promise in the diagnosis, staging and prognostication of heart disease. However, components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and endothelin-1 appear to be more useful as functional biomarkers for monitoring compensatory responses to naturally occurring heart diseases and their treatments.
{"title":"Cardiovascular endocrinology in naturally occurring canine and feline models","authors":"J. Häggström, I. Ljungvall, K. Höglund","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are frequently used to study aspects of cardiovascular endocrinology. The present review focuses on opportunities offered by naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats, that is larger animal models. In particular, the benefits of using these species include the possibility of studying the same types of naturally occurring diseases as those occurring in humans, and carrying out studies in genetically similar individuals (i.e. breeds) sharing the same environment as humans. Recent findings in neuroendocrine hormones, that is natriuretic peptides, components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and endothelin-1, in dogs and cats are reviewed in this article. As in humans, all these hormones have been evaluated as cardiovascular biomarkers in dogs and cats, and natriuretic peptides have shown promise in the diagnosis, staging and prognostication of heart disease. However, components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and endothelin-1 appear to be more useful as functional biomarkers for monitoring compensatory responses to naturally occurring heart diseases and their treatments.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"77 1 1","pages":"32–38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83433454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000025
D. Burley, Justin S. Bice, G. Baxter
Natriuretic peptides play a major role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and much of our knowledge on this stems from animal studies looking into the genetic knockout or overexpression of natriuretic peptides or their biological target, the natriuretic peptide receptor. Genetic perturbation of the natriuretic peptide system in rodents causes systemic hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. Moreover, animal models of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenously administered natriuretic peptides in treating human acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. In this review, we hope to highlight the importance of animal models in helping us understand the biological function and consequence of the natriuretic peptide system in cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Natriuretic peptides in animal models of cardiovascular disease","authors":"D. Burley, Justin S. Bice, G. Baxter","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000025","url":null,"abstract":"Natriuretic peptides play a major role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and much of our knowledge on this stems from animal studies looking into the genetic knockout or overexpression of natriuretic peptides or their biological target, the natriuretic peptide receptor. Genetic perturbation of the natriuretic peptide system in rodents causes systemic hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. Moreover, animal models of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenously administered natriuretic peptides in treating human acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. In this review, we hope to highlight the importance of animal models in helping us understand the biological function and consequence of the natriuretic peptide system in cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":"19–26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81055582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000021
J. Henriksen
Introduction The English physiologist, Ernest Henry Starling (1866–1927) (Fig. 1) in 1896, provided a quantitative explanation of the transcapillary transport of fluid. Six years later, he discovered the first hormone and introduced the concept of hormones in 1905, and at the time of the First World War, he formulated the fundamental law on the mechanical effect of the mammalian heart [1–3]. The transcapillary fluid transport, the hormone concept and the law of the heart all bear witness to a remarkable individual with an ability to interpret experimental data comprehensively and critically. All physicians today are trained in this fundamental physiological knowledge as a matter of course, but Starling’s numerous publications from 1890 to 1928 contributed considerably towards the transition of circulatory physiology from a qualitative discipline to a quantitative science. The present paper deals with Starling’s achievements in cardiovascular physiology and endocrinology.
1896年，英国生理学家欧内斯特·亨利·斯塔林(Ernest Henry Starling, 1866-1927)(图1)对液体的经毛细血管输送进行了定量解释。六年后，他发现了第一种激素，并于1905年引入了激素的概念，在第一次世界大战期间，他制定了哺乳动物心脏机械效应的基本定律[1-3]。经毛细血管液体运输，激素概念和心脏规律都证明了一个具有全面和批判性解释实验数据能力的卓越个体。今天所有的医生都理所当然地接受了这一基本生理知识的培训，但从1890年到1928年，斯塔林的大量出版物对循环生理学从定性学科向定量科学的转变做出了重大贡献。本文论述了斯塔林在心血管生理学和内分泌学方面的成就。
{"title":"Ernest Henry Starling: the history of cardiovascular endocrinology and the continuous need for developing animal models","authors":"J. Henriksen","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000021","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The English physiologist, Ernest Henry Starling (1866–1927) (Fig. 1) in 1896, provided a quantitative explanation of the transcapillary transport of fluid. Six years later, he discovered the first hormone and introduced the concept of hormones in 1905, and at the time of the First World War, he formulated the fundamental law on the mechanical effect of the mammalian heart [1–3]. The transcapillary fluid transport, the hormone concept and the law of the heart all bear witness to a remarkable individual with an ability to interpret experimental data comprehensively and critically. All physicians today are trained in this fundamental physiological knowledge as a matter of course, but Starling’s numerous publications from 1890 to 1928 contributed considerably towards the transition of circulatory physiology from a qualitative discipline to a quantitative science. The present paper deals with Starling’s achievements in cardiovascular physiology and endocrinology.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"7 1","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84956548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000028
Nora E. Zoisa, Henrik D. Pedersenc, Jens Häggströmd, Lisbeth H. Olsenb
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of primary mitral regurgitation in humans and the most common cardiac disease in dogs. Many similarities have been described and, therefore, the dog is considered to be a suitable natural model for MMVD in humans. Accurate identification of incipient myocardial deterioration is crucial to optimally time interventional surgery. Nonetheless, this issue is still an object of controversy. In this respect, studies of left ventricular (LV) function in dogs with MMVD could potentially be useful. The present review compares the results obtained in echocardiographic studies of LV function in humans and dogs with MMVD. Although different study designs pose a limitation and results within the two species are not entirely concordant, it appears that LV function is better preserved in small-sized and medium-sized dogs than in humans. This may limit the usefulness of dogs as a model for LV function in MMVD. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:9–14 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
二尖瓣黏液瘤病(MMVD)是人类原发性二尖瓣反流的最常见原因，也是犬类最常见的心脏疾病。已经描述了许多相似之处，因此，狗被认为是人类MMVD的合适自然模型。准确识别早期心肌恶化对介入手术的最佳时机至关重要。尽管如此，这个问题仍然是一个有争议的对象。在这方面，研究患有MMVD的狗的左心室(LV)功能可能是有用的。本综述比较了超声心动图对人类和患有MMVD的狗左室功能的研究结果。尽管不同的研究设计存在局限性，并且在两个物种中的结果并不完全一致，但似乎小型和中型犬的左室功能比人类保存得更好。这可能会限制狗作为MMVD左室功能模型的实用性。心血管内分泌:9 - 14 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | lipincott Williams & Wilkins。
{"title":"Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in mitral regurgitation: is the dog a useful model of man?","authors":"Nora E. Zoisa, Henrik D. Pedersenc, Jens Häggströmd, Lisbeth H. Olsenb","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of primary mitral regurgitation in humans and the most common cardiac disease in dogs. Many similarities have been described and, therefore, the dog is considered to be a suitable natural model for MMVD in humans. Accurate identification of incipient myocardial deterioration is crucial to optimally time interventional surgery. Nonetheless, this issue is still an object of controversy. In this respect, studies of left ventricular (LV) function in dogs with MMVD could potentially be useful. The present review compares the results obtained in echocardiographic studies of LV function in humans and dogs with MMVD. Although different study designs pose a limitation and results within the two species are not entirely concordant, it appears that LV function is better preserved in small-sized and medium-sized dogs than in humans. This may limit the usefulness of dogs as a model for LV function in MMVD. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 3:9–14 c 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"115 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83773537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000030
A. Krentz
Here I offer a few brief highlights from what was one of the most stimulating metabolism conferences I have attended in some time. Such was the range of topics, which testifies to the position insulin resistance has assumed in the pathogenesis of so many human diseases, that this report must be selective. The clinical disorders of greatest relevance from a public health perspective – that is, diabetes and cardiovascular disease – are now incorporated into the title of the conference. Other topics, such as the role of insulin resistance in cancer, lipid metabolism obesity and fatty liver disease, were also well represented over the course of the 3 days. Although some reminders of lessons from the past were included, the conference was perhaps notable above all for the plethora of new data on areas that connected molecular biology to clinical syndromes and to proven and novel therapeutic options. Discussion of the topics presented was both lively and of the highest scientific standard. As expected, more questions remain than were unequivocally answered in what was a state-of-the-art summary of this diverse and fascinating, and still largely enigmatic, topic.
{"title":"Conference report: World Congress on insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Los Angeles, 7–9 November 2013","authors":"A. Krentz","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Here I offer a few brief highlights from what was one of the most stimulating metabolism conferences I have attended in some time. Such was the range of topics, which testifies to the position insulin resistance has assumed in the pathogenesis of so many human diseases, that this report must be selective. The clinical disorders of greatest relevance from a public health perspective – that is, diabetes and cardiovascular disease – are now incorporated into the title of the conference. Other topics, such as the role of insulin resistance in cancer, lipid metabolism obesity and fatty liver disease, were also well represented over the course of the 3 days. Although some reminders of lessons from the past were included, the conference was perhaps notable above all for the plethora of new data on areas that connected molecular biology to clinical syndromes and to proven and novel therapeutic options. Discussion of the topics presented was both lively and of the highest scientific standard. As expected, more questions remain than were unequivocally answered in what was a state-of-the-art summary of this diverse and fascinating, and still largely enigmatic, topic.","PeriodicalId":72529,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular endocrinology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79237724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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