Cogent mental health最新文献

Youth experience a high burden of distress, yet little is known about how unmet mental health needs and barriers to seeking services vary across different subgroups. This study explored how unmet needs and barriers to seeking support varied by sociodemographic characteristics and distress. Using data from the 2023 Ontario Student Health and Drug Survey (OSDUHS), logistic regression models and interaction terms examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, distress, unmet need and barriers among students in grades 7 through 12. Approximately one-third of students reported needing but not seeking support. Unmet need was more common among females, secondary students and those with higher distress. The most frequently reported barrier was thinking they could manage it alone (67%), with significant variation in other barriers by gender, distress, and ethnoracial background. Youth with serious distress were more likely to report multiple barriers. Tests of the interaction between distress and ethnoracial background found that South Asian youth with low distress were at higher odds than other ethnoracial groups of endorsing the belief that help would not be effective as a reason for not seeking services. There were no significant interactions for other barriers. This study underscores the need for equity-informed, culturally responsive strategies to enhance access to mental health services.

This study extended the identity development framework using latent profile analysis of identity processes on the Dimensions of Identity Scale (DIDS) with identity distress on the Identity Distress Scale (IDS), an affective indicator of difficulties with relevant identity issues. The objective was to investigate person-centered identity functioning typically obscured in variable-centered mean level research and how these profiles associate with traditional measures of identity, mental health, and psychosocial adjustment. Participants were 412 Ecuadorian university students (median_age = 21 years; 67% female). They completed online surveys that included the DIDS, IDS and measures of psychosocial development, functional well-being, and mental health. Consistent with profiles found in the Netherlands, United States, and other countries the findings supported a five-profile model that included Troubled Diffusion (20.4%), Carefree Diffusion (5.4%), Foreclosure (11.6%), Undifferentiated (40%), and Achievement (24.5%). As expected, profile differences on ego strengths and achieved identity status provided criterion validity. Predictive validity was indicated with adjustment to university, perceived stress, optimism, agency, and psychological symptoms. Findings underscore the relevance of identity profiles among young adults in Ecuador, emphasize the importance of culture in identity development, and provide directions for further research and supportive services in relation to students' mental health and well-being.

Firearms are the leading cause of death for U.S. children under 18 years of age, driven by their use in suicide attempts. Alcohol use is a risk factor for suicide, and approximately 22% of U.S. high school students reported recent alcohol use. We used data from a population-based health survey of high school students in Colorado, weighted to be representative of public high school students, to examine the association of alcohol use and suicide risk, and access to firearms using weighted frequencies and Rao-Scott chi-square tests. One-fifth (20.3%) of the students reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days. Compared to non-drinkers, students who reported drinking in the past 30 days were significantly more likely to report that they seriously considered attempting suicide (20.4% vs 8.9%, p < 0.001), made a plan to attempt suicide (17.0% vs 7.4%, p < 0.001), had actually attempted suicide (11.1% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001) and indicated that they could obtain and be ready to fire a loaded gun, regardless of adults' permission (29.0% vs 16.9%, p < 0.001). Given the distinct and combined risks of alcohol use and firearm access, the intersection is an important point for suicide prevention. Parents and guardians of youth may constitute an important population for means safety training.

Rising rates of weapon carriage in U.S. K-12 schools threaten the safety and well-being of students, educators, and staff. Despite widespread use of security measures such as metal detectors and law enforcement presence, evidence supporting their effectiveness remains mixed. This scoping review analyzes empirical studies from 2005 to 2025 that evaluate interventions aimed at reducing weapon carriage in U.S. schools. Only two studies met inclusion criteria: one assessing the impact of random mandatory metal detector searches on weapon carriage and student safety perceptions, and another evaluating the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System (SS-ARS) for its potential to prevent firearm-related incidents. While both interventions showed limited positive outcomes, the overall evidence base is weak, and long-term effectiveness is unclear. Moreover, 'target hardening' strategies like metal detectors may negatively affect student perceptions of safety, particularly among students of color. Findings highlight the need for more holistic, evidence-based approaches that go beyond physical security. Interventions that emphasize social and emotional learning, mental health support, and positive school climate may better address the root causes of weapon carriage. Future research should focus on evaluating integrated strategies that balance physical safety with psychological well-being to create more supportive and secure school environments.

Firearm injury is the leading cause of death among youth in the US direct and indirect exposure is associated with increased mental health needs, particularly depression, yet few community-based interventions led by credible messengers exist to address co-occurring violence and depression among youth. This paper describes a pilot study to adapt a digital intervention for youth exposed to firearm violence. iDOVE3.0 was adapted from an evidence-based emergency department intervention for youth (ages 13-17) into a community setting (defined as a community-based organization outside an institutional setting) in Indianapolis, Indiana. This single-arm pilot study aimed to recruit 20 youth between September 1, 2024 and December 31, 2025. Participant recruitment is ongoing, and to-date we have screened 16 youth for mild to moderate depression and violence exposure and enrolled five youth. Violence patterns and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow-up at 2, 4 and 8 months. This descriptive study offers insights into the adaptation of a clinical intervention and implementation process into a community setting. Understanding how digital-based interventions can expand community violence interventions and how credible messengers can improve the acceptability of digital interventions are promising approaches to address co-occurring depression and violence among youth in need. Future studies will examine feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy among the pilot study cohort.

Emerging evidence suggests a complex, potentially reciprocal relationship between social media use, poor sleep, and disordered eating, each associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes. This mini-narrative review synthesizes recent findings on the bidirectional links between: 1) poor sleep and disordered eating, 2) social media use and poor sleep, and 3) social media use and disordered eating. It also explores their combined interplay and outlines possible underlying mechanisms across biological, psychological, and sociocultural domains. Despite some novel findings, the temporal and reciprocal nature of their relationships remains underexplored and requires further empirical research. This review highlights the urgent need for prospective, ecologically valid research that addresses these domains and interconnections, particularly among youth and emerging adults who may be particularly vulnerable to their cumulative effects. A deeper understanding of this interplay may be critical for advancing preventive and therapeutic efforts and developing transdiagnostic clinical strategies and public health guidelines that reflect the integrated nature of digital engagement, sleep health, and appearance and eating-related stimuli.

This study explores the lived experiences of pellet gun victimization among individuals in Kashmir using a phenomenological approach. Ten participants directly exposed to pellet gun violence were interviewed. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used for data analysis. Physical injuries led to severe emotional dysregulation, including irritability, aggression, and frustration. Victims reported disrupted eating patterns and psychological trauma. Their self-identity was deeply affected, marked by role reversal, temporal disconnection, guilt, and worthlessness. Economic struggles emerged as a major challenge. Academically, vision loss and trauma-induced distress resulted in diminished motivation and uncertainty about continuing education. Socially, many victims faced victim-blaming, though parental support served as a crucial resilience factor. Spiritual beliefs and religious practices, like prayer, helped individuals cope, avoid self-harm, and stay resilient during hardship. The study highlights the need for trauma-informed interventions, social inclusion programs, and faith-based approaches to support survivors of pellet gun.

Sexual assaults have multiple-interrelated consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, insomnia and recurrent nightmares. Although these symptoms may co-vary, they often require distinct clinical attention. Treating each disorder in a sequential way may be beneficial, but no evidence supports the choice of one sequence over another. Allowing participants to choose the order of treatment may increase engagement and reduce attrition. This study explores the efficacy of a sequential intervention combining three cognitive-behaviour treatment (CBT) protocols (for PTSD, insomnia and recurrent nightmares) allowing participants to choose the order. The aims of the study were to document the overall intervention efficacy and to evaluate the differential outcome of the chosen sequences. Fourteen participants suffering from PTSD, comorbid insomnia disorder and recurrent nightmares were recruited. Results showed decreases in PTSD, insomnia, depression and anxiety symptoms and nightmare distress after the intervention. Participants targeting PTSD first did not seem to benefit more from the intervention than those targeting sleep difficulties first. All participants who completed the intervention were in PTSD remission at post-treatment, and 90% at 12-month follow-up. These exploratory findings support the feasibility of sequentially addressing PTSD, insomnia and nightmares, and provide evidence for selecting treatment sequence according to patient preferences.

Adults with ADHD face many challenges in their daily lives. Daily life can be made easier by learning from others or developing one's own strategies. The healthcare services can provide information and interventions, but we know little about what the adults with ADHD themselves say they need, and in which ways they are involved in their care. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences adults with ADHD have of being involved in their care. Fifteen semi structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed with qualitative latent content analysis that revealed one major theme: "Becoming someone like anyone else" and three sub-themes "Being connected", "Finding a place in companionship" and "Pathways to participation in care". The findings of this study emphasize that adults with ADHD express a desire to be involved in the care and treatment for their ADHD if a sense of security and their information needs are met. This involvement becomes part of what leads them towards a more self-sufficient state where they can feel like anyone else and gain more strategies to manage their daily lives.

While the effect of climate change on the environment, economy, and chronic health is increasingly evident, its impact on everyday wellbeing remains relatively less understood. This study investigated how environmental, governmental, and commute-related stressors relate to everyday wellbeing. We hypothesized that the presence of these daily stressors would be linked to experiences of higher negative affect. To capture individuals' daily experiences in an ecologically valid manner, experience sampling methodology was adopted. Over the course of a day, participants were randomly prompted once within every hour (a total of 10 prompts) to report their negative affect and encounters with specified daily stressors. The environmental, governmental, and commute-related stressors were linked to higher negative affect. Environmental stressors were uniquely associated with worse daily wellbeing after accounting for health stressors. Environmental stressors also interacted with other governmental stressors. Particularly, the experience of both environmental and governmental stressors was cumulatively associated with significantly higher negative affect, compared to either one of these stressors being absent. These findings highlight the connection between environmental stressors with governmental and health stressors and the daily toll these stressors can have on individuals' everyday wellbeing. This work emphasizes the importance of addressing complex stressors relevant to climate change vulnerabilities.