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Preface. 前言。
Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.2174/187447371001180611082005
R. Dinis-Oliveira
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引用次数: 0
Meet Our Editor-in-Chief 认识我们的总编辑
Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.2174/187447371001180611081833
R. Dinis-Oliveira
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引用次数: 0
Proceeding of the 8th Alcohol Hangover Research Group Meeting. 第八届酒精宿醉研究小组会议纪要。
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874473709666161229121527
M. Mackus, S. Adams, A. Barzilay, S. Benson, Lauren E. Blau, J. Iversen, Sean J Johnson, A. Keshavarzian, A. Scholey, Gordon S Smith, Constantine J. Trela, V. Vatsalya, J. Verster
Alcohol hangover is one of the most commonly experienced consequences of alcohol consumption. An alcohol hangover develops as the blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) approaches zero, and is characterized by a general feeling of misery. More insight into the pathology of an alcohol hangover needs to be gained, in order to enhance the understanding of the area, and as a potential contribution to the innovation of a preventative or hangover curing treatment. The Alcohol Hangover Research Group (AHRG) was founded to support the area of alcohol hangover. This proceeding describes the latest findings in the area of alcohol hangovers, and future research plans, discussed at the 8th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, held on June 25, 2016, New Orleans, USA. Novel insight in potential causes, consequences, and treatment of alcohol hangover were revealed during the meeting, as well as further research plans to examine biomarkers of recent alcohol consumption, immune functioning, alcohol metabolism, and potential treatments.
酒精宿醉是酒精消费最常见的后果之一。当血液酒精浓度(BAC)接近零时,酒精宿醉就会出现,其特征是普遍的痛苦感。为了加强对这一领域的理解,需要对酒精宿醉的病理有更多的了解,并为预防或治疗宿醉的创新做出潜在的贡献。酒精宿醉研究小组(AHRG)的成立是为了支持酒精宿醉领域的研究。本文描述了2016年6月25日在美国新奥尔良举行的第八届酒精宿醉研究小组会议上讨论的酒精宿醉领域的最新发现和未来的研究计划。会议期间揭示了关于酒精宿醉的潜在原因、后果和治疗的新见解,以及进一步研究计划,以检查近期饮酒、免疫功能、酒精代谢和潜在治疗的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 10
A Review of the Physiological Factors Associated with Alcohol Hangover. 与酒精宿醉相关的生理因素综述。
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170207152933
C. Tipple, S. Benson, A. Scholey
Alcohol hangovers are a commonly experienced consequence of drinking and are frequently associated with worsened mood and cognitive functioning. The physiological changes that occur with an alcohol-induced hangover state are largely unknown. This review focuses on key physiological factors of an alcohol-induced hangover, more specifically, oxidative stress, hormonal fluctuations, dehydration and changes to the immune system. The role of sleep disturbances and headaches will also be briefly discussed. Increased understanding of the relationship between the physiological factors and symptoms of a hangover is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of an alcohol-induced hangover and potentially identify a treatment. The direct effects of the physiological factors occurring during an alcoholinduced hangover state should be further assessed under laboratory settings.
酒精宿醉是一种常见的饮酒后果,通常与情绪和认知功能恶化有关。酒精引起的宿醉状态的生理变化在很大程度上是未知的。这篇综述的重点是酒精引起的宿醉的关键生理因素,更具体地说,氧化应激,激素波动,脱水和免疫系统的变化。睡眠障碍和头痛的作用也将简要讨论。需要增加对生理因素和宿醉症状之间关系的理解,以进一步阐明酒精引起的宿醉的机制并确定潜在的治疗方法。在酒精引起的宿醉状态中发生的生理因素的直接影响应在实验室环境下进一步评估。
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引用次数: 29
Midazolam Plus Haloperidol as Adjuvant Analgesics to Morphine in Opium Dependent Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 咪达唑仑加氟哌啶醇作为鸦片依赖患者吗啡辅助镇痛药:一项随机临床试验。
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170106122455
M. Afzalimoghaddam, Maryam Edalatifard, A. Nejati, M. Momeni, N. Isavi, E. Karimialavijeh
BACKGROUNDTolerance to opioids among opium-dependent patients creates obstacles for proper pain management of these patients in the emergency department (ED). The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of intramuscular (IM) haloperidol plus midazolam on morphine analgesia among opium-dependent patients.METHODSOpium-dependent adults who were admitted to the ED for new-onset severe pain in the limbs or abdomen (within 24 hours of admission and a pain score of over six, using a numerical rating scale [NRS]) were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A received morphine 0.05 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and a mixture of midazolam 2.5 mg and haloperidol 2.5 mg (diluted in 5 cc of distilled water, IM); group B received morphine 0.05 mg/kg IV and distilled water 5 cc, IM. Measured outcomes were related to: 1) pain intensity; 2) total doses of morphine; 3) changes in hemodynamic status and level of consciousness of patients. NRS scores (zero to 10) before and one, three and six hours following intervention, as well as total doses of morphine, were recorded.RESULTSWe recruited 68 males (78.16%) and 19 females (21.83%). The mean age was 38.28±6.59 years. The pain score in group A declined more rapidly over six hours than that in group B. Moreover, as compared to group B, the amount of morphine use decreased significantly in group A.CONCLUSIONBased on the present data, adding haloperidol plus midazolam to morphine for pain management improved pain scores and lowered morphine consumption among opium-dependent patients.
背景:阿片类药物依赖患者对阿片类药物的耐受性对急诊科(ED)这些患者的适当疼痛管理造成了障碍。本研究的目的是探讨肌注氟哌啶醇联合咪达唑仑对鸦片依赖患者吗啡镇痛的疗效。方法招募因新发肢体或腹部剧烈疼痛(入院24小时内疼痛评分超过6分,采用数值评定量表[NRS])而入院的吗啡依赖成人。参与者被随机分为两组。A组患者静脉注射吗啡0.05 mg/kg,咪达唑仑2.5 mg与氟哌啶醇2.5 mg混合(用5cc蒸馏水稀释,IM);B组给予吗啡0.05 mg/kg IV,蒸馏水5 cc, IM。测量结果与:1)疼痛强度相关;2)吗啡总剂量;3)患者血流动力学状态及意识水平的改变。记录干预前和干预后1小时、3小时和6小时的NRS评分(0 - 10),以及吗啡的总剂量。结果男性68例(78.16%),女性19例(21.83%)。平均年龄38.28±6.59岁。A组疼痛评分在6 h内下降速度快于B组,且与B组相比,A组吗啡用量明显下降。结论在吗啡治疗中加入氟哌啶醇加咪达唑仑可改善阿片依赖患者的疼痛评分,降低吗啡用量。
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引用次数: 4
Cultivating a Trauma Awareness Culture in the Addictions. 在成瘾中培养创伤意识文化。
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170111102835
E. Missouridou
BACKGROUNDResearch evidence points to the high prevalence of trauma exposure and post traumatic stress among addicted individuals, their families and the professionals responsible for their treatment.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this review is to enhance understanding of the continuing effects of trauma and its impact on the lives of people with addiction problems as well as on the professionals who strive to provide support and care for them.METHODReview of twenty eight articles on traumatic experiences in individuals and families facing addiction problems as well as on traumatic stress in addiction professionals. Eligibility criteria were: publication in a peer-reviewed journal dating from 1990 to present; articles written in the English language; quantitative or qualitative design aiming to explore the lived experience of trauma and the recovery process from it.RESULTSIt is argued that for service providers to be able to help patients restore purpose and meaning in the recovery process, it is important to be aware of the trauma dynamics implicated in the long history of the addiction problems. Professionals' difficulty to process their emotions may lead to disengagement or overinvolvement and the adoption of maladaptive roles. Strong and unexpected emotional reactions in the professional may be a clue to the presence of masked trauma.CONCLUSIONOngoing training on trauma dynamics, self-care and clinical supervision may deepen professionals' understanding of the impact of trauma on their work culture and protect them from the risk of secondary traumatic stress.
研究证据表明,在成瘾者、他们的家庭和负责治疗的专业人员中,创伤暴露和创伤后应激的患病率很高。目的:本综述的目的是加强对创伤的持续影响及其对成瘾问题患者生活的影响的理解,以及对努力为他们提供支持和照顾的专业人员的影响。方法回顾28篇关于个人和家庭面对成瘾问题的创伤经历以及成瘾专业人员的创伤应激的文章。入选标准为:1990年至今在同行评议期刊上发表;用英语写的文章;定量或定性设计,旨在探索创伤的生活经历和从中恢复的过程。结果认为,服务提供者要想帮助患者在康复过程中恢复目标和意义,了解长期成瘾问题中涉及的创伤动态是很重要的。专业人员难以处理自己的情绪可能导致脱离或过度投入和采用不适应的角色。专业人士强烈而意外的情绪反应可能是隐藏创伤存在的线索。结论持续的创伤动力学、自我护理和临床监督培训可以加深专业人员对创伤对其工作文化影响的理解,并保护他们免受继发性创伤应激的风险。
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引用次数: 4
Development of a Definition for the Alcohol Hangover: Consumer Descriptions and Expert Consensus. 酒精宿醉定义的发展:消费者描述和专家共识。
Pub Date : 2017-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170216125822
M. van Schrojenstein Lantman, A. J. van de Loo, M. Mackus, J. Verster
Up to now, there is no adequate definition of the alcohol hangover. The purpose of the current study was to develop a useful definition, and consensus among those who will use it in scientific publications. A survey was conducted among N=1099 social drinkers who recently had a hangover. They were asked to provide their definition of the alcohol hangover. Text mining and content analysis revealed 3 potential definitions. These were submitted to members of the Alcohol Hangover Research Group, who were asked to give their expert opinion on the proposed definitions. Taking into account their comments and suggestions, the following definition for the alcohol hangover was formulated: "The alcohol hangover refers to the combination of mental and physical symptoms, experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration approaches zero."
到目前为止,对酒精宿醉还没有一个充分的定义。当前研究的目的是制定一个有用的定义,并在那些将在科学出版物中使用它的人之间达成共识。一项调查在N=1099名最近宿醉的社交饮酒者中进行。他们被要求给出他们对酒精宿醉的定义。文本挖掘和内容分析揭示了3种潜在的定义。这些被提交给酒精宿醉研究小组的成员,他们被要求对拟议的定义给出他们的专家意见。考虑到他们的意见和建议,对酒精宿醉的定义如下:“酒精宿醉是指在一次大量饮酒后的第二天出现的精神和身体症状的结合,从血液酒精浓度接近零开始。”
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引用次数: 81
Withdrawn: The Behavioral Profile of methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (PVP) - A Systematic Review. 撤回:亚甲二氧基吡咯戊酮(MDPV)和α-吡咯烷酮(PVP)的行为特征--系统综述。
Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170321122226
Cornel N Stanciu, Thomas M Penders, Samantha A Gnanasegaram, Elvin Pirapakaran, Juvraj S Padda, Jeeven S Padda

The article entitled, “The Behavioral Profile of Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and α–pyrrolidinopentiophenone (PVP) - A Systematic Review”, submitted in Current Drug AbuseReviews (CDAR) by Dr. Cornel N Stanciu has been withdrawn from the journal in accordancewith BSP Editorial Policies.

根据 BSP 编辑政策,Cornel N Stanciu 博士在《当前药物滥用评论》(CDAR)上提交的题为 "亚甲二氧基吡咯戊酮(MDPV)和α-吡咯烷酮(PVP)的行为特征 - 系统综述 "的文章已从该杂志上撤回。
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引用次数: 0
Cannabis: An Overview of its Adverse Acute and Chronic Effects and its Implications. 大麻:概述其不利的急性和慢性影响及其影响。
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170712113042
Talitha C Ford, Amie C Hayley, Luke A Downey, Andrew C Parrott

In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalise its use. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be harmful to several aspects of psychological and physical health, such as mood states, psychiatric outcomes, neurocognition, driving and general health. Furthermore, cannabis is highly addictive, and the adverse effects of withdrawal can lead to regular use. These in turn have adverse implications for public safety and health expenditure. Although the cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to have positive health outcomes with its antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, high-potency cannabis is particularly damaging due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), low CDB concentration. It is this high-potency substance that is readily available recreationally. While pharmaceutical initiatives continue to investigate the medical benefits of CDB, "medicinal cannabis" still contains damaging levels of THC. Altogether, we argue there is insufficient evidence to support the safety of cannabis and its subsequent legalisation for recreational use. Furthermore, its use for medicinal purposes should be done with care. We argue that the public conversation for the legalisation of cannabis must include scientific evidence for its adverse effects.

在许多社区,大麻被认为是一种低风险药物,导致政治游说使其使用合法化。急性和慢性使用大麻已被证明对心理和身体健康的几个方面有害,例如情绪状态、精神结果、神经认知、驾驶和一般健康。此外,大麻很容易上瘾,戒断的不良影响可能导致经常使用。这反过来又对公共安全和卫生支出产生不利影响。虽然大麻素大麻二酚(CBD)已被证明具有抗氧化、抗惊厥、抗炎和神经保护特性,具有积极的健康效果,但由于其四氢大麻酚(THC)含量高,CDB浓度低,因此高效大麻具有特别的破坏性。正是这种高效的物质很容易在娱乐中获得。虽然制药方面的倡议继续调查CDB的医疗效益,但“药用大麻”仍然含有有害的四氢大麻酚。总之,我们认为没有足够的证据支持大麻的安全性及其随后的娱乐用途合法化。此外,其用于医疗目的应谨慎进行。我们认为,公众对大麻合法化的讨论必须包括其不利影响的科学证据。
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引用次数: 51
Proceeding of the 9th Alcohol Hangover Research Group Meeting. 第九届酒精宿醉研究小组会议纪要。
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711666180105111616
Agnese Merlo, Sally Adams, Sarah Benson, Lydia Devenney, Craig Gunn, Jacqueline Iversen, Sean J Johnson, Marlou Mackus, Andrew Scholey, Ann-Katrin Stock, Aurora J A E van de Loo, Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman, Livia J F Wilod Versprille, Joris C Verster

Background: Alcohol hangover is a common occurrence among individuals who have experienced an episode of heavy alcohol consumption the previous night. Until now defined as the general feeling of misery that develops once the Blood Alcohol Concentration approaches zero. Despite its prevalence and several related adverse consequences, insufficient research has been conducted with regards to this matter and further understanding of the pathology of alcohol hangover is necessary. During the 9th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, held on April 29th 2017, Utrecht, The Netherlands, numerous aspects of alcohol hangover were presented and many advances with regards to determinants, biological and cognitive consequences and potential treatment have been presented.

Conclusion: Precisely, a definition of alcohol hangover has been established and wider understandings of biological and cognitive effects, alcohol metabolism, immune functioning and potential treatment of alcohol hangover were presented and discussed. Further research and development are necessary to attain a wider understanding of the pathology of alcohol hangover.

背景:酒精宿醉通常发生在前一晚大量饮酒的人群中。直到现在才定义为一旦血液酒精浓度接近零就会产生的痛苦感。尽管酒精宿醉很普遍,并有一些相关的不良后果,但关于这一问题的研究还不够,进一步了解酒精宿醉的病理是必要的。2017年4月29日,在荷兰乌得勒支举行的第九届酒精宿醉研究小组会议上,提出了酒精宿醉的许多方面,并提出了有关决定因素、生物和认知后果以及潜在治疗的许多进展。结论:准确地说,酒精宿醉的定义已经建立,并对酒精宿醉的生物学和认知效应、酒精代谢、免疫功能和潜在治疗方法有了更广泛的了解。进一步的研究和发展是必要的,以获得更广泛的了解酒精宿醉的病理。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Current drug abuse reviews
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