Exercise, sport, & movement最新文献

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A Novel Custom Cycle Ergometer Protocol to Determine V̇O2max: Validation with ACSM’s Cycle Ergometry Metabolic Equation 一种新的自定义循环测功仪方案来确定V * O2max:用ACSM的循环测功代谢方程验证

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000013

Dianne M. Lankford, Donald M. Cummings

ABSTRACT Introduction Protocols for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max ) on a cycle ergometer should be easily administered while maximizing physiological efficiency and minimizing premature local muscle fatigue for individuals of variable fitness levels. Current protocols typically increase workload by adding resistance to the flywheel; however, increasing pedal rate later in the test, rather than resistance, may provide increased physiological efficiency, yielding a more valid determination of V̇O 2max . Purpose The purpose of this study was to design and validate a novel V̇O 2max cycle ergometer protocol that can be used for measuring and predicting submaximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ) and V̇O 2max during exercise testing in healthy, asymptomatic adults. Methods Subjects ( n = 60, 19–60 yr old) performed a V̇O 2max test using the new cycle ergometer protocol. Workload increases were based on predetermined incremental target heart rates (ITHR) using heart rate reserve. Stages commenced at a workload of 150 kg · m · min −1 (0.5 kg, 50 rpm) and increased every 2 min by adding 0.5 or 1.0 kg resistance based on ITHR. When an ITHR representing ≥60% heart rate reserve was achieved, workloads increased by 10 rpm for subsequent stages. Pearson’s r was used to examine relationships between predicted (American College of Sports Medicine cycle equation) and measured V̇O 2 at workload intensities representing moderate, vigorous, and maximal exercise. Bland–Altman plots were used to display predicted and measured V̇O 2 at all exercise intensities and heart rate values at maximal exercise. Results There was a strong and statistically significant correlation between predicted and measured V̇O 2 at moderate ( r = 0.92, P < 0.001), vigorous ( r = 0.94, P < 0.001), and maximal ( r = 0.90, P < 0.001) exercise intensities. All subjects reached ≥90% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. Conclusion This novel cycle ergometer protocol was demonstrated to be a viable tool to predict and/or measure submaximal V̇O 2 and V̇O 2max in a population of healthy, asymptomatic adults.

摘要:对于不同健康水平的个体，在最大限度提高生理效率和最大限度减少局部过早肌肉疲劳的同时，应方便地使用循环计力器上的最大耗氧量(V O 2max)测定方案。目前的协议通常通过增加飞轮的阻力来增加工作量;然而，在测试后期增加踏板速率，而不是阻力，可能会提供更高的生理效率，从而产生更有效的v_o2max测定。本研究的目的是设计并验证一种新的V O 2max循环测力仪方案，该方案可用于测量和预测健康无症状成人运动试验期间的亚最大耗氧量(V O 2)和V O 2max。方法受试者60例，年龄19 ~ 60岁，采用新的循环劳力计方案进行v_o2max测试。工作量增加是基于使用心率储备的预定增量目标心率(ITHR)。阶段开始时工作负荷为150 kg·m·min - 1 (0.5 kg, 50 rpm)，并根据ITHR每2分钟增加0.5或1.0 kg阻力。当ITHR达到≥60%的心率储备时，后续阶段的工作量增加10 rpm。Pearson’s r用于检验在负荷强度下预测(美国运动医学学院周期方程)和测量的V²O之间的关系，分别代表中度、剧烈和最大的运动。Bland-Altman图用于显示在所有运动强度下预测和测量的V²和最大运动时的心率值。结果预测值与实测值之间存在较强的统计学相关性(r = 0.92, P <0.001)，有力(r = 0.94, P <0.001)，最大值(r = 0.90, P <0.001)运动强度。所有受试者达到≥90%的年龄预测最大心率。结论:在健康无症状成人人群中，这种新型循环测力仪方案被证明是一种预测和/或测量亚最大V氧饱和度和V氧饱和度的可行工具。

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引用次数: 0

It’s a Balancing Act! Menopausal Symptoms in Competitive Weightlifters 这是一种平衡行为!举重运动员的更年期症状

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000012

M. Huebner, Wenjuan Ma

Athletes may be unprepared for the onset and duration of menopausal symptoms and how they affect training and competition goals. There are inconsistent results about physical activity and menopausal symptoms, and guidance for athletes is lacking. We aimed to study the reciprocal association of performance and weekly hours of weightlifting training with menopausal symptoms. Women reported the frequency of weightlifting training and additional physical activities, heaviest weight lifted, and menopausal symptoms using the validated Menopausal Rating Scale. An online survey was distributed by national governing bodies in 30 countries to female master weightlifters (ages 30 to 79 yr) in May 2022. Simultaneous equation models were used to provide reliable estimates in the presence of contemporaneous effects. Participants included 868 women, 178 postmenopausal. The proportions of moderate or more severe somato-vegetative symptoms and psychological symptoms were 25.7% and 46.5%, respectively. Better performance, defined as weight lifted relative to age and body weight, was associated with a lower score of menopausal symptoms (−0.51, P < 0.001); worse menopausal symptoms were associated with lower performance (−1.22 for somato-vegetative, −2.19 for psychological; P < 0.001). More hours of weightlifting training were associated with worse menopausal symptoms, whereas more hours of other physical activities were associated with worse somato-vegetative but not with psychological symptoms. Instrumental variables in the model were joint pain and protein tracking. The majority tracked their daily protein intake (62.8%) with a median of 1.9 g·kg−1 body mass. Somato-vegetative symptoms were less prevalent in weightlifters than in the general population. There is simultaneous feedback between sport performance and severity of menopausal symptoms. Athletes must balance training intensity and menopausal symptoms to achieve training goals.

运动员可能对更年期症状的发作和持续时间以及它们如何影响训练和比赛目标没有做好准备。关于体育活动和更年期症状的结果不一致，缺乏对运动员的指导。我们旨在研究举重训练的表现和每周训练时间与更年期症状的相互关系。女性使用经验证的更年期评定量表报告了举重训练和额外体育活动的频率、最重的举重和更年期症状。2022年5月，30个国家的国家管理机构向女性举重大师（年龄在30至79岁之间）分发了一份在线调查。联立方程模型用于在存在同期效应的情况下提供可靠的估计。参与者包括868名妇女，178名绝经后妇女。中度或重度躯体-植物症状和心理症状的比例分别为25.7%和46.5%。表现较好（定义为体重相对于年龄和体重的增加）与更年期症状得分较低有关（-0.51，P<0.001）；更年期症状越差，表现越差（躯体-植物人为-1.22，心理为-2.19；P<0.001）。举重训练时间越多，更年期症状越严重，而其他体育活动时间越多，躯体-植物人越差，但与心理症状无关。模型中的仪器变量是关节疼痛和蛋白质跟踪。大多数人跟踪他们的每日蛋白质摄入量（62.8%），平均体重为1.9 g·kg−1。与普通人群相比，举重运动员的体细胞-植物症状不那么普遍。运动表现和更年期症状的严重程度之间同时存在反馈。运动员必须平衡训练强度和更年期症状才能达到训练目标。

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引用次数: 0

Sex Differences in Marathon Running: Physiology and Participation 马拉松跑中的性别差异：生理学与参与

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000010

Rachel A. Nesburg, Azara P. Mason, Brynn Fitzsimmons, S. K. Hunter

引用次数: 0

The Acute Effects of Exercise on Saliva-Derived Regional Mitochondrial DNA from Trained Runners 运动对训练跑步者唾液来源的区域线粒体DNA的急性影响

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000009

M. McGlynn, Alejandro M. Rosales, Christopher W. Collins, D. Slivka

引用次数: 0

Short-Term Effects of an American Football Game on Cognitive Function, Memory, and Brain Functional Connectivity 美式橄榄球比赛对认知功能、记忆和脑功能连通性的短期影响

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000006

Roee Amedi, J. Hoffman, I. Ostfeld, Amit Zamir, I. Tavor, Niv Tik, D. Barazany, T. Fonville, M. Horstemeyer, Y. Gepner

引用次数: 0

Tracking Body Composition Change with Weight Loss by BIA and DXA in Female Adolescent Runners: A Validation Study 用BIA和DXA追踪青春期女性跑步者体重减轻时身体成分的变化:一项验证研究

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000003

Eriko Uchiyama, N. Kinoshita, K. Okuyama

引用次数: 0

Recovery from COVID-19 in Adult Recreational Athletes: A Survey of American Triathletes 成年休闲运动员从新冠肺炎中康复：对美国三项全能运动员的调查

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000005

Allison N. Schroeder, A. Getzin, L. Creswell, C. Asplund

引用次数: 0

The Health Benefits of Resistance Exercise: Beyond Hypertrophy and Big Weights 阻力运动的健康益处:超越肥大和大重量

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000001

Sidney Abou Sawan, E. Nunes, C. Lim, James McKendry, Stuart M Phillips

引用次数: 13

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise on Nonexercise Physical Activity. 急性一次有氧或阻力运动对非运动性身体活动的影响。

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000004

Jason V Thomas, Selene Y Tobin, Mark Garrett Mifflin, Ryan D Burns, Ryan R Bailey, Sarah A Purcell, Edward L Melanson, Marc-Andre Cornier, Tanya M Halliday

Introduction/purpose: A reduction in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA) after exercise may reduce the effectiveness of exercise interventions on weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. Aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) may have different effects on NEPA. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a single bout of AEx or REx on NEPA and sedentary behavior in inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Adults with overweight or obesity (n = 24; 50% male; age, 34.5 ± 1.5 yr; body mass index, 28.5 ± 0.9 kg·m^-2) not meeting current physical activity guidelines completed a single 45-min bout of AEx, REx, or a sedentary control on different days in random order. After each condition, participants' NEPA was recorded for 84 h by accelerometer. Time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity; steps; metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours; and sit-to-stand transitions were calculated using activity count data.

Results: No differences were observed in the percent of waking time spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous activity between conditions (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in steps, MET-hours, or sit-to-stand transitions between conditions (P > 0.05). NEPA responses were variable among individuals, with approximately half of participants reducing and half increasing NEPA over the 84 h after each exercise condition.

Conclusion: NEPA was not reduced after an acute bout of AEx or REx in a sample of inactive adults with overweight or obesity.

简介/目的：运动后减少非运动性身体活动（NEPA）可能会降低运动干预对超重或肥胖成人减肥的效果。有氧运动（AEx）和阻力运动（REx）可能对NEPA有不同的影响。这一次要分析的目的是检查单次AEx或REx对超重或肥胖的不活动成年人的NEPA和久坐行为的影响。方法：超重或肥胖的成年人(n = 24；男性50%;年龄：34.5±1.5岁；体重指数（28.5±0.9 kg·m-2）不符合当前身体活动指南的患者在不同日期随机完成单次45分钟的AEx、REx或久坐对照。每组实验结束后，用加速度计记录参与者84小时的NEPA。久坐不动以及进行轻度、中度和剧烈体育活动的时间；步骤;任务代谢当量（MET）小时；根据活动计数数据计算从坐姿到站立的转变。结果：两种情况下，醒着时久坐和轻度、中度和剧烈活动的时间百分比没有差异（P < 0.05）。两组之间的步数、met小时数或从坐到站的转变均无差异（P < 0.05）。NEPA的反应因人而异，在每项运动后84小时内，大约一半的参与者减少了NEPA，一半的参与者增加了NEPA。结论：在不活动的超重或肥胖成人样本中，急性发作AEx或REx后NEPA不会减少。

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引用次数: 0

Subconcussion revealed by sound processing in the brain. 大脑声音处理显示的次脑震荡

Exercise, sport, & movement

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1249/esm.0000000000000011

Nina Kraus, Danielle Colegrove, Rembrandt Otto-Meyer, Silvia Bonacina, Trent Nicol, Jenna Cunningham, Jennifer Krizman

Introduction/purpose: We tested the hypothesis that an objective measure of auditory processing reveals a history of head trauma that does not meet the clinical definition of concussion.

Methods: Division I collegiate student-athletes (n = 709) across 19 sports were divided into groups, based on their sport, using prevailing classifications of "contact" (317 males, 212 females) and "noncontact" (58 males, 122 females). Participants were evaluated using the frequency-following response (FFR) to speech. The amplitude of FFR activity in a frequency band corresponding to the fundamental frequency (F0)-the voice pitch-of the speech stimulus, an outcome reduced in individuals with concussions, was critically examined.

Results: We found main effects of contact level and sex. The FFR-F0 was smaller in contact athletes than noncontact athletes and larger in females than males. There was a contact by sex interaction, with the FFR-F0 of males in the contact group being smaller than the three other groups. Secondary analyses found a correlation between FFR-F0 and length of participation in contact sports in male athletes.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the disruption of sensory processing in the brain can be observed in individuals without a concussion but whose sport features regular physical contact. This evidence identifies sound processing in the brain as an objective marker of subconcussion in athletes.

我们测试了一个假设，即听觉处理的客观测量揭示了头部创伤的历史，不符合脑震荡的临床定义。本研究采用“接触”(317名男性，212名女性)和“非接触”(58名男性，122名女性)的流行分类，将来自19个体育项目的709名大学生运动员分为两组。参与者使用语音频率跟随反应(FFR)进行评估。研究人员仔细检查了FFR活动在与语言刺激的基本频率(F0)——声音的音高——相对应的频段上的幅度，这是脑震荡患者的一个结果。我们发现了接触程度和性别的主要影响。接触运动员的FFR-F0比非接触运动员小，女性比男性大。接触组男性的FFR-F0小于其他三组，存在性别互动接触。二次分析发现，男性运动员的FFR-F0与接触性运动的参与时间有关。这些发现表明，大脑感觉处理的中断可以在没有脑震荡的人身上观察到，但他们的运动特征是经常有身体接触。这一证据表明，大脑中的声音处理是运动员亚脑震荡的客观标志。

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