Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.3389/frans.2024.1421463
Maryam K. Ghassemi, V. Hurlet, J. Crommen, A. Servais, Marianne Fillet
Phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides have drawn more and more attention lately due to their great therapeutic potential. The presence of one (or several) phosphorothioate moiety (ies) improves pharmacokinetic properties but at the same time creates an additional chiral center for each phosphorothioate linkage, and thus diastereomers. It is therefore important to develop analytical strategies to monitor individual species to enable more in-depth investigations. In this study, a PVA coated capillary with a background electrolyte made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethanolamine was used. A design of experimental approach provides the optimal conditions for the separation of the eight isobaric diastereomers bearing one phosphorothioate linkage (Mix 1), and the separation of the 12 isobaric diastereomers of a mixture made of oligonucleotides with two phosphorothioate linkages (Mix 2). Remarkably, full separation in Mix 1 could be achieved using a combination of a cationic cyclodextrin (2-hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino) propyl-γ-CD chloride, and an anionic cyclodextrin (carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt), while a second cationic cyclodextrin (2-hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino) propyl-β-CD chloride) was required for Mix 2, providing additional selectivity.
{"title":"Separation of isobaric phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in capillary electrophoresis: study of the influence of cationic cyclodextrins on chemo and stereoselectivity","authors":"Maryam K. Ghassemi, V. Hurlet, J. Crommen, A. Servais, Marianne Fillet","doi":"10.3389/frans.2024.1421463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2024.1421463","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides have drawn more and more attention lately due to their great therapeutic potential. The presence of one (or several) phosphorothioate moiety (ies) improves pharmacokinetic properties but at the same time creates an additional chiral center for each phosphorothioate linkage, and thus diastereomers. It is therefore important to develop analytical strategies to monitor individual species to enable more in-depth investigations. In this study, a PVA coated capillary with a background electrolyte made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethanolamine was used. A design of experimental approach provides the optimal conditions for the separation of the eight isobaric diastereomers bearing one phosphorothioate linkage (Mix 1), and the separation of the 12 isobaric diastereomers of a mixture made of oligonucleotides with two phosphorothioate linkages (Mix 2). Remarkably, full separation in Mix 1 could be achieved using a combination of a cationic cyclodextrin (2-hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino) propyl-γ-CD chloride, and an anionic cyclodextrin (carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt), while a second cationic cyclodextrin (2-hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino) propyl-β-CD chloride) was required for Mix 2, providing additional selectivity.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3389/frans.2024.1367448
Yolanda Picó, A. Ginebreda, M. Carrascal, Joaquín Abián, Damià Barceló
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) aims to understand a population’s consumption habits, exposure to chemicals, and the prevalence of specific diseases or pathogens. This is achieved by the chemical or biological/genomic determination of biomarkers (e.g., excreted metabolic products), which are in urban wastewater generated by that population. WBE has been mostly linked to the determination of small molecules of human origin using liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this Perspective, we provide a state-of-the-art and critical evaluation of further developments in the information achieved by determining small molecules as well as the most promising analytical techniques to enlarge the information obtained. By simultaneously monitoring small and large molecules we can comprehensively trace the population’s health by their consumption of prescribed pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, as well as by the amount of excreted macromolecule biomarkers such as peptides and proteins. Moreover, species-specific protein sequences allow us to monitor animal populations reflecting farming and slaughterhouse activities (poultry, pigs…) or pest occurrences (rats). To this end, the capability of proteomic studies using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted and compared in the context of other advances in the broader field of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
{"title":"Simultaneous determination of small molecules and proteins in wastewater-based epidemiology","authors":"Yolanda Picó, A. Ginebreda, M. Carrascal, Joaquín Abián, Damià Barceló","doi":"10.3389/frans.2024.1367448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2024.1367448","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) aims to understand a population’s consumption habits, exposure to chemicals, and the prevalence of specific diseases or pathogens. This is achieved by the chemical or biological/genomic determination of biomarkers (e.g., excreted metabolic products), which are in urban wastewater generated by that population. WBE has been mostly linked to the determination of small molecules of human origin using liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In this Perspective, we provide a state-of-the-art and critical evaluation of further developments in the information achieved by determining small molecules as well as the most promising analytical techniques to enlarge the information obtained. By simultaneously monitoring small and large molecules we can comprehensively trace the population’s health by their consumption of prescribed pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs, as well as by the amount of excreted macromolecule biomarkers such as peptides and proteins. Moreover, species-specific protein sequences allow us to monitor animal populations reflecting farming and slaughterhouse activities (poultry, pigs…) or pest occurrences (rats). To this end, the capability of proteomic studies using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry is highlighted and compared in the context of other advances in the broader field of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/frans.2024.1393222
Frank Westad, G. R. Flåten
This perspective article reviews how the chemometrics community approached non-linear methods in the early years. In addition to the basic chemometric methods, some methods that fall under the term “machine learning” are also mentioned. Thereafter, types of non-linearity are briefly presented, followed by discussions on important aspects of modeling related to non-linear data. Lastly, a simulated data set with non-linear properties is analyzed for quantitative prediction and batch monitoring. The conclusion is that the latent variable methods to a large extent handle non-linearities by adding more linear combinations of the original variables. Nevertheless, with strong non-linearities between the X and Y space, non-linear methods such as Support Vector Machines might improve prediction performance at the cost of interpretability into both the sample and variable space. Applying multiple local models can improve performance compared to a single global model, of both linear and non-linear nature. When non-linear methods are applied, the need for conservative model validation is even more important. Another approach is pre-processing of the data which can make the data more linear before the actual modeling and prediction phase.
这篇视角文章回顾了早年化学计量学界是如何处理非线性方法的。除了基本的化学计量学方法外，还提到了一些属于 "机器学习 "范畴的方法。随后，简要介绍了非线性的类型，并讨论了与非线性数据相关的建模的重要方面。最后，分析了具有非线性特性的模拟数据集，以进行定量预测和批量监控。结论是，潜变量方法在很大程度上是通过增加原始变量的线性组合来处理非线性问题的。然而，如果 X 和 Y 空间之间存在很强的非线性，支持向量机等非线性方法可能会提高预测性能，但代价是样本和变量空间的可解释性。与单一的全局模型相比，应用多个局部模型（包括线性和非线性模型）可以提高性能。当采用非线性方法时，保守的模型验证就显得更加重要。另一种方法是在实际建模和预测阶段之前对数据进行预处理，使数据更加线性。
{"title":"A retrospective view on non-linear methods in chemometrics, and future directions","authors":"Frank Westad, G. R. Flåten","doi":"10.3389/frans.2024.1393222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2024.1393222","url":null,"abstract":"This perspective article reviews how the chemometrics community approached non-linear methods in the early years. In addition to the basic chemometric methods, some methods that fall under the term “machine learning” are also mentioned. Thereafter, types of non-linearity are briefly presented, followed by discussions on important aspects of modeling related to non-linear data. Lastly, a simulated data set with non-linear properties is analyzed for quantitative prediction and batch monitoring. The conclusion is that the latent variable methods to a large extent handle non-linearities by adding more linear combinations of the original variables. Nevertheless, with strong non-linearities between the X and Y space, non-linear methods such as Support Vector Machines might improve prediction performance at the cost of interpretability into both the sample and variable space. Applying multiple local models can improve performance compared to a single global model, of both linear and non-linear nature. When non-linear methods are applied, the need for conservative model validation is even more important. Another approach is pre-processing of the data which can make the data more linear before the actual modeling and prediction phase.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical method used for various purposes such as drug development, quality assurance, food inspection, and monitoring of pollutants in the environment. In recent years, with the active development of antibodies and nucleic acid-based drugs, impurities with various modifications are produced. These can lead to a decrease in drug stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy, making it crucial to differentiate these impurities. Previously, attempts have been made to estimate the monoisotopic mass and ion amounts in the spectrum generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). However, conventional methods could not explicitly estimate the number of constituents, and discrete state evaluations, such as the probability that the number of constituents is k or k+1, were not possible. We propose a method where, for each possible number of constituents in the sample, mass spectrometry is modeled using parameters like monoisotopic mass and ion counts. Using Simulated Annealing, NUTS, and stochastic variational inference, we determine the parameters for each constituent number model and the maximum posterior probability. Finally, by comparing the maximum posterior probabilities between models, we select the optimal number of constituents and estimate the monoisotopic mass and ion counts under that scenario.
质谱（MS）是一种功能强大的分析方法，可用于药物开发、质量保证、食品检验和环境污染物监测等多种用途。近年来，随着抗体和核酸类药物的积极开发，产生了各种修饰的杂质。这些杂质会导致药物稳定性、药代动力学和药效降低，因此区分这些杂质至关重要。以前，人们曾尝试估算电喷雾离子化（ESI）产生的光谱中的单异位质量和离子数量。但是，传统方法无法明确估计成分的数量，也无法进行离散状态评估，例如成分数量为 k 或 k+1 的概率。我们提出了一种方法，即针对样品中每种可能的成分数量，使用单异位质量和离子计数等参数建立质谱模型。利用模拟退火、NUTS 和随机变异推理，我们确定了每个成分数模型的参数和最大后验概率。最后，通过比较不同模型的最大后验概率，我们选择了最佳成分数，并估算了该方案下的单异位质量和离子计数。
{"title":"A Bayesian approach for constituent estimation in nucleic acid mixture models","authors":"Taichi Tomono, Satoshi Hara, Yusuke Nakai, Kazuma Takahara, Junko Iida, Takashi Washio","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1301602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1301602","url":null,"abstract":"Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical method used for various purposes such as drug development, quality assurance, food inspection, and monitoring of pollutants in the environment. In recent years, with the active development of antibodies and nucleic acid-based drugs, impurities with various modifications are produced. These can lead to a decrease in drug stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy, making it crucial to differentiate these impurities. Previously, attempts have been made to estimate the monoisotopic mass and ion amounts in the spectrum generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). However, conventional methods could not explicitly estimate the number of constituents, and discrete state evaluations, such as the probability that the number of constituents is k or k+1, were not possible. We propose a method where, for each possible number of constituents in the sample, mass spectrometry is modeled using parameters like monoisotopic mass and ion counts. Using Simulated Annealing, NUTS, and stochastic variational inference, we determine the parameters for each constituent number model and the maximum posterior probability. Finally, by comparing the maximum posterior probabilities between models, we select the optimal number of constituents and estimate the monoisotopic mass and ion counts under that scenario.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.3389/frans.2023.1278170
Kim K. Hixson, Amit Dhingra, F. Dini‐Andreote, M. Doktycz, T. Tschaplinski, L. Paša-Tolić
{"title":"Editorial: Plant-microbe omics","authors":"Kim K. Hixson, Amit Dhingra, F. Dini‐Andreote, M. Doktycz, T. Tschaplinski, L. Paša-Tolić","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1278170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1278170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139287462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.3389/frans.2023.1258558
Manivannan Madhu, S. Santhoshkumar, Wei-Bin Tseng, Wei-Lung Tseng
Ratiometric strategy are an invaluable method that helps to detect and quantify analytes. This approach relies on measuring changes in the ratio of two or more signals to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the results. Ratiometric strategies are widely used in a variety of fields including biomedical, environmental monitoring and food safety. It is particularly popular when traditional single-signal based detection methods are not feasible, especially when interfering substances severely affect the detection. In addition, ratiometric methods have the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of analyte detection, leading to better results in a variety of complex environments. The article provides a comprehensive review of ratiometric strategy, focusing on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for the visual detection of analytes. This paper also discusses the design of ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probes for biomedical imaging, the synthesis of ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for the imaging of intracellular analytes, the development of ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for detection of electroactive species, and the use of isotopically-labeled internal standards in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for ratiometric analysis. The article not only discusses each technique in detail, including its principles, advantages, potential applications, and limitations, but also highlights recent advances in each method and possible future directions.
{"title":"Maximizing analytical precision: exploring the advantages of ratiometric strategy in fluorescence, Raman, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry detection","authors":"Manivannan Madhu, S. Santhoshkumar, Wei-Bin Tseng, Wei-Lung Tseng","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1258558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1258558","url":null,"abstract":"Ratiometric strategy are an invaluable method that helps to detect and quantify analytes. This approach relies on measuring changes in the ratio of two or more signals to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the results. Ratiometric strategies are widely used in a variety of fields including biomedical, environmental monitoring and food safety. It is particularly popular when traditional single-signal based detection methods are not feasible, especially when interfering substances severely affect the detection. In addition, ratiometric methods have the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of analyte detection, leading to better results in a variety of complex environments. The article provides a comprehensive review of ratiometric strategy, focusing on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes for the visual detection of analytes. This paper also discusses the design of ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probes for biomedical imaging, the synthesis of ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for the imaging of intracellular analytes, the development of ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for detection of electroactive species, and the use of isotopically-labeled internal standards in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for ratiometric analysis. The article not only discusses each technique in detail, including its principles, advantages, potential applications, and limitations, but also highlights recent advances in each method and possible future directions.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135817738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.3389/frans.2023.1205583
Seanna L. Hewitt, R. Ghogare, William Troxel, Elvir Tenic, Daylen Isaac, A. Dhingra
We characterized the effects of crop residue derived biochar on tomato growth, soil microbial diversity, and rhizosphere-level gene expression responses in an organic production system. Shoot fresh biomass and fruit yield were assessed at the end of the growing cycle. The corresponding transcriptomic response of the roots, the soil microbial community profiles, and the active transcripts within the communities were quantified using a metatranscriptomic approach at four different developmental stages of the plant. Biochar treatment did not impact shoot biomass or fruit production; however, metatranscriptome analysis revealed that the gene expression activity of the tomato rhizosphere changes over time in response to the biochar treatment, with a number of bacteria with known benefits to soil health and plant growth displaying increased gene expression (e.g., Rhizobiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Sphingomonadaceae). Streptomycetaceae were expressed at the highest levels in the rhizosphere. Biochar seemed to attenuate the expression of this bacteria by the end of the time course, possibly due to the rise in competition for resources driven by the increased activity of other beneficial microbes. Notably, pathogenic fungi in the soil displayed generally reduced expression in the biochar-amended rhizosphere in comparison with the control. In addition to the assessment of the rhizosphere microbiome, transcriptome analysis and gene ontology analysis of tomato roots revealed functional enrichment of genes associated with nitrogen metabolic processes, regulation of metabolic processes, and production of organic compounds in the biochar treated rhizosphere. Together, these results suggest that biochar amendment enhances gene expression of beneficial soil microbes, and also impacts gene expression in the plant roots, which may in turn lead to improvements in soil and plant health. The results of this study provide foundations and a methodology for using metatranscriptomic approaches to investigate the impacts of biochar or other soil amendments in different crops, varying soil types, and with greater experimental complexity. The findings of such investigations will inform the development of biochar-based soil amendment strategies to enhance soil fertility and crop health in a wide range of production systems.
{"title":"Metatranscriptomic analysis of tomato rhizospheres reveals insight into plant-microbiome molecular response to biochar-amended organic soil","authors":"Seanna L. Hewitt, R. Ghogare, William Troxel, Elvir Tenic, Daylen Isaac, A. Dhingra","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1205583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1205583","url":null,"abstract":"We characterized the effects of crop residue derived biochar on tomato growth, soil microbial diversity, and rhizosphere-level gene expression responses in an organic production system. Shoot fresh biomass and fruit yield were assessed at the end of the growing cycle. The corresponding transcriptomic response of the roots, the soil microbial community profiles, and the active transcripts within the communities were quantified using a metatranscriptomic approach at four different developmental stages of the plant. Biochar treatment did not impact shoot biomass or fruit production; however, metatranscriptome analysis revealed that the gene expression activity of the tomato rhizosphere changes over time in response to the biochar treatment, with a number of bacteria with known benefits to soil health and plant growth displaying increased gene expression (e.g., Rhizobiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Sphingomonadaceae). Streptomycetaceae were expressed at the highest levels in the rhizosphere. Biochar seemed to attenuate the expression of this bacteria by the end of the time course, possibly due to the rise in competition for resources driven by the increased activity of other beneficial microbes. Notably, pathogenic fungi in the soil displayed generally reduced expression in the biochar-amended rhizosphere in comparison with the control. In addition to the assessment of the rhizosphere microbiome, transcriptome analysis and gene ontology analysis of tomato roots revealed functional enrichment of genes associated with nitrogen metabolic processes, regulation of metabolic processes, and production of organic compounds in the biochar treated rhizosphere. Together, these results suggest that biochar amendment enhances gene expression of beneficial soil microbes, and also impacts gene expression in the plant roots, which may in turn lead to improvements in soil and plant health. The results of this study provide foundations and a methodology for using metatranscriptomic approaches to investigate the impacts of biochar or other soil amendments in different crops, varying soil types, and with greater experimental complexity. The findings of such investigations will inform the development of biochar-based soil amendment strategies to enhance soil fertility and crop health in a wide range of production systems.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47220296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.3389/frans.2023.1208709
A. Simon, Lucia Lazarowski, Sarah Krichbaum, Melissa Singletary, C. Angle, Paul Waggoner, Kelly Van Arsdale, Jason Barrow
Detection dogs are trained to locate a variety of substances to provide security and protection for the public and the environment, but access to substances for training is often limited. Various training aids have been created to deliver target odors as safer or more accessible alternatives to using the actual substance material, many of which are commercially available. However, the methods used to create and validate the effectiveness of these training aids are rarely reported or available to consumers, leading to uncertainty regarding their use. There has been a recent drive in the detection canine community to create standards by which to measure the manufacture and utility of canine training aids, but little progress has been made in determining how a reliable canine training aid should be developed and which analytical measurements should be utilized. While the interest in and need for an independently evaluated training aid is clear, developers typically do not release the necessary information, whether for proprietary or other reasons. Transparent analysis and procedures would allow for direct examination of training aids using objective measures, which in turn would allow canine teams to select the best tool to achieve their mission. To this end, the current manuscript provides a stepwise method for the development and validation of a novel canine training aid, using triacetone triperoxide as an example target. This method can be applied to the creation of training aids of many different target odors, such as explosives, narcotics, chemical warfare agents, or biological diseases and viruses.
{"title":"A method for validating a non-hazardous canine training aid","authors":"A. Simon, Lucia Lazarowski, Sarah Krichbaum, Melissa Singletary, C. Angle, Paul Waggoner, Kelly Van Arsdale, Jason Barrow","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1208709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1208709","url":null,"abstract":"Detection dogs are trained to locate a variety of substances to provide security and protection for the public and the environment, but access to substances for training is often limited. Various training aids have been created to deliver target odors as safer or more accessible alternatives to using the actual substance material, many of which are commercially available. However, the methods used to create and validate the effectiveness of these training aids are rarely reported or available to consumers, leading to uncertainty regarding their use. There has been a recent drive in the detection canine community to create standards by which to measure the manufacture and utility of canine training aids, but little progress has been made in determining how a reliable canine training aid should be developed and which analytical measurements should be utilized. While the interest in and need for an independently evaluated training aid is clear, developers typically do not release the necessary information, whether for proprietary or other reasons. Transparent analysis and procedures would allow for direct examination of training aids using objective measures, which in turn would allow canine teams to select the best tool to achieve their mission. To this end, the current manuscript provides a stepwise method for the development and validation of a novel canine training aid, using triacetone triperoxide as an example target. This method can be applied to the creation of training aids of many different target odors, such as explosives, narcotics, chemical warfare agents, or biological diseases and viruses.","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.3389/frans.2023.1259466
Mowei Zhou, Nicholas B Borotto, Huilin Li, T. Pukala, Ian K. Webb
{"title":"Editorial: Emerging structural proteomics methodologies","authors":"Mowei Zhou, Nicholas B Borotto, Huilin Li, T. Pukala, Ian K. Webb","doi":"10.3389/frans.2023.1259466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2023.1259466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73063,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in analytical science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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