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Structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. 铜绿假单胞菌肌苷5′-单磷酸脱氢酶的结构。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-03-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-22 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309113002352
Vincenzo A Rao, Sharon M Shepherd, Richard Owen, William N Hunter

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) represents a potential antimicrobial drug target. The crystal structure of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMPDH has been determined to a resolution of 2.25 Å. The structure is a homotetramer of subunits dominated by a (β/α)8-barrel fold, consistent with other known structures of IMPDH. Also in common with previous work, the cystathionine β-synthase domains, residues 92-204, are not present in the model owing to disorder. However, unlike the majority of available structures, clearly defined electron density exists for a loop that creates part of the active site. This loop, composed of residues 297-315, links α8 and β9 and carries the catalytic Cys304. P. aeruginosa IMPDH shares a high level of sequence identity with bacterial and protozoan homologues, with residues involved in binding substrate and the NAD+ cofactor being conserved. Specific differences that have been proven to contribute to selectivity against the human enzyme in a study of Cryptosporidium parvum IMPDH are also conserved, highlighting the potential value of IMPDH as a drug target.

肌苷5'-单磷酸脱氢酶(IMPDH)是一种潜在的抗微生物药物靶点。重组铜绿假单胞菌IMPDH的晶体结构已测定到2.25的分辨率 Å。该结构是由(β/α)8桶折叠主导的亚基同源四聚体,与IMPDH的其他已知结构一致。与先前的工作相同的是,胱硫醚β-合酶结构域,残基92-204,由于紊乱而不存在于模型中。然而,与大多数可用的结构不同,对于产生部分活性位点的环,存在明确定义的电子密度。该环由残基297-315组成,连接α8和β9,并携带催化Cys304。铜绿假单胞菌IMPDH与细菌和原生动物同源物具有高水平的序列同一性,与结合底物和NAD+辅因子有关的残基是保守的。在对微小隐孢子虫IMPDH的研究中,已被证明有助于对人类酶具有选择性的特定差异也是保守的,这突出了IMPDH作为药物靶点的潜在价值。
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引用次数: 11
Some practical guidelines for UV imaging in the protein crystallization laboratory. 蛋白质结晶实验室中紫外成像的一些实用指南。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-02-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-26 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112048634
Sebastien Desbois, Shane A Seabrook, Janet Newman

High-throughput imaging of protein crystallization experiments with ultraviolet (UV) light has recently become commercially available and can enable crystallographers to differentiate between crystals of protein and those of salt, as the visualization of protein crystals is based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Unfortunately, UV imaging is not a panacea, as some protein crystals will not fluoresce under UV excitation and some salt crystals are UV-fluorescently active. As a new technology, there is little experience within the general community on how to use this technology effectively and what caveats to look out for. Here, an attempt is made to identify some of the common problems that may arise using UV-imaging technology by examining test proteins, common crystallization reagents and a range of proteins by assessing their UV-Vis absorbance spectra. Some pointers are offered as to which systems may not be appropriate for this methodology.

利用紫外(UV)光进行蛋白质结晶实验的高通量成像最近已经商品化,并且可以使晶体学家区分蛋白质晶体和盐晶体,因为蛋白质晶体的可视化是基于固有色氨酸荧光的。不幸的是,紫外线成像并不是万能的,因为一些蛋白质晶体在紫外线激发下不会发出荧光,而一些盐晶体则具有紫外线荧光活性。作为一项新技术,在如何有效地使用这项技术以及需要注意的事项方面,一般社区的经验很少。在这里,尝试通过检查测试蛋白质,常见的结晶试剂和一系列蛋白质,通过评估它们的紫外-可见吸收光谱,来确定使用紫外成像技术可能出现的一些常见问题。本文提供了一些提示,说明哪些系统可能不适合这种方法。
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引用次数: 32
Crystallization and preliminary structure determination of the transfer protein TraM from the Gram-positive conjugative plasmid pIP501. 革兰氏阳性结合质粒pIP501转移蛋白TraM的结晶及初步结构测定。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-02-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-31 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309113000134
Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr, Lukas Grumet, Tea Pavkov-Keller, Ruth Birner-Gruenberger, Elisabeth Grohmann, Walter Keller

The major means of horizontal gene spread (e.g. of antibiotic resistance) is conjugative plasmid transfer. It presents a serious threat especially for hospitalized and immuno-suppressed patients, as it can lead to the accelerated spread of bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistances. Detailed information about the process is available only for bacteria of Gram-negative (G-) origin and little is known about the corresponding mechanisms in Gram-positive (G+) bacteria. Here we present the purification, biophysical characterization, crystallization and preliminary structure determination of the TraM C-terminal domain (TraMΔ, comprising residues 190-322 of the full-length protein), a putative transfer protein from the G+ conjugative model plasmid pIP501. The crystals diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution and belonged to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 39.21, b = 54.98, c = 93.47 Å, α = 89.91, β = 86.44, γ = 78.63° and six molecules per asymmetric unit. The preliminary structure was solved by selenomethionine single-wavelength anomalous diffraction.

水平基因传播(例如抗生素耐药性)的主要手段是偶联质粒转移。它对住院和免疫抑制的患者构成了严重威胁,因为它会导致具有多种抗生素耐药性的细菌加速传播。有关该过程的详细信息仅适用于革兰氏阴性(G-)来源的细菌,而对革兰氏阳性(G+)细菌的相应机制知之甚少。在这里,我们介绍了TraM C-末端结构域(TraMΔ,包括全长蛋白的残基190-322)的纯化、生物物理表征、结晶和初步结构测定,TraMΔ是G+偶联模型质粒pIP501的假定转移蛋白。晶体衍射至2.5Å分辨率,属于空间群P1,晶胞参数a=39.21,b=54.98,c=93.47Å,α=89.91,β=86.44,γ=78.63°,每个不对称单元有6个分子。硒代蛋氨酸单波长反常衍射解决了初步结构。
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引用次数: 7
Expectation bias and information content. 期望偏差与信息内容。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-02-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-19 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309113001486
Zbigniew Dauter, Manfred S Weiss, Howard Einspahr, Edward N Baker
Editorial.
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引用次数: 4
The AEROPATH project targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa: crystallographic studies for assessment of potential targets in early-stage drug discovery. 针对铜绿假单胞菌的 AEROPATH 项目:用于评估早期药物发现潜在目标的晶体学研究。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-12-25 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112044739
Lucille Moynie, Robert Schnell, Stephen A McMahon, Tatyana Sandalova, Wassila Abdelli Boulkerou, Jason W Schmidberger, Magnus Alphey, Cyprian Cukier, Fraser Duthie, Jolanta Kopec, Huanting Liu, Agata Jacewicz, William N Hunter, James H Naismith, Gunter Schneider

Bacterial infections are increasingly difficult to treat owing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. A major concern is Gram-negative bacteria, for which the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs has been particularly scarce. In an effort to accelerate early steps in drug discovery, the EU-funded AEROPATH project aims to identify novel targets in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by applying a multidisciplinary approach encompassing target validation, structural characterization, assay development and hit identification from small-molecule libraries. Here, the strategies used for target selection are described and progress in protein production and structure analysis is reported. Of the 102 selected targets, 84 could be produced in soluble form and the de novo structures of 39 proteins have been determined. The crystal structures of eight of these targets, ranging from hypothetical unknown proteins to metabolic enzymes from different functional classes (PA1645, PA1648, PA2169, PA3770, PA4098, PA4485, PA4992 and PA5259), are reported here. The structural information is expected to provide a firm basis for the improvement of hit compounds identified from fragment-based and high-throughput screening campaigns.

由于抗生素耐药性的蔓延,细菌感染越来越难以治疗。革兰氏阴性细菌是一个主要问题,而新抗菌药物的发现尤其稀少。为了加快药物发现的早期步骤,欧盟资助的 AEROPATH 项目旨在通过多学科方法,包括靶点验证、结构表征、检测开发和从小分子库中识别新靶点,来确定机会性病原体铜绿假单胞菌的新靶点。本文介绍了选择靶点的策略,并报告了蛋白质生产和结构分析方面的进展。在 102 个选定的靶标中,84 个可以生产出可溶性形式,39 个蛋白质的全新结构已经确定。本文报告了其中 8 个靶标的晶体结构,这些靶标包括从假定未知蛋白到不同功能类别的代谢酶(PA1645、PA1648、PA2169、PA3770、PA4098、PA4485、PA4992 和 PA5259)。这些结构信息有望为改进从基于片段的高通量筛选活动中发现的命中化合物提供坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Crystals on the cover 2013. 2013年封面上的水晶。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112051950
Howard Einspahr, Manfred S Weiss
Editorial.
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引用次数: 1
Complex of myoglobin with phenol bound in a proximal cavity. 肌红蛋白与苯酚结合在近端空腔中的复合物。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-19 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112045514
Xiao Huang, Chunxue Wang, Lesa R Celeste, Leslie L Lovelace, Shenfang Sun, John H Dawson, Lukasz Lebioda

Sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) has weak dehaloperoxidase activity and catalyzes the peroxidative dehalogenation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) to 2,6-dichloroquinone. Crystals of Mb and of its more active G65T variant were used to study the binding of TCP, 4-iodophenol (4-IP) and phenol. The structures of crystals soaked overnight in a 10 mM solution of phenol revealed that a phenol molecule binds in the proximal cavity, forming a hydrogen bond to the hydroxyl of Tyr146 and hydrophobic contacts which include interactions with Cβ and Cγ of the proximal histidine His93. The phenol position corresponds to the strongest xenon binding site, Xe1. It appears that the ligand enters the proximal cavity through a gate formed by the flexible loops 79-86 and 93-103. TCP and 4-IP do not bind to Mb in this manner under similar conditions; however, it appears to be likely that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which was used at a concentration of 0.8 M to facilitate 4-IP dissolution, binds in the phenol/Xe1 binding site. In this structure, a water molecule coordinated to the heme iron was replaced by an oxygen molecule, reflecting the reduction of the heme. Crystals of Mb and G65T Mb soaked for 5-10 min did not show bound phenol. Kinetic studies of TCP dechlorination showed that phenol has a dual effect: it acts as a competitive inhibitor that is likely to interfere with TCP binding at the heme edge and as a weak activator, likely through binding in the proximal cavity. The lack of phenol bound at the heme edge in the crystal structures suggests that its inhibitory binding only takes place when the heme is activated by hydrogen peroxide.

抹香鲸肌红蛋白(Mb)具有微弱的脱卤过氧化物酶活性,可催化 2,4,6- 三氯苯酚(TCP)过氧化脱卤成 2,6- 二氯苯醌。我们利用 Mb 及其活性更强的 G65T 变体的晶体来研究 TCP、4-碘苯酚 (4-IP) 和苯酚的结合情况。在 10 mM 苯酚溶液中浸泡过夜的晶体结构显示,苯酚分子结合在近端空腔中,与 Tyr146 的羟基形成氢键,并形成疏水接触,其中包括与近端组氨酸 His93 的 Cβ 和 Cγ 的相互作用。苯酚位置对应于最强的氙结合位点 Xe1。配体似乎是通过柔性环 79-86 和 93-103 形成的门进入近端空腔的。在类似条件下,TCP 和 4-IP 并不以这种方式与 Mb 结合;不过,为了便于 4-IP 溶解而使用的 0.8 M 浓度的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)很可能与苯酚/Xe1 结合位点结合。在该结构中,与血红素铁配位的水分子被氧分子取代,反映了血红素的还原。浸泡 5-10 分钟的 Mb 和 G65T Mb 晶体未显示出结合的苯酚。TCP 脱氯的动力学研究表明,苯酚具有双重作用:它既是一种竞争性抑制剂,可能会干扰 TCP 在血红素边缘的结合;又是一种弱激活剂,可能是通过在近端空腔中的结合。晶体结构中没有发现苯酚与血红素边缘结合,这表明苯酚只有在血红素被过氧化氢激活时才会产生抑制作用。
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引用次数: 0
Interactions of Mn2+ with a non-self-complementary Z-type DNA duplex. Mn2+与非自互补的z型DNA双工的相互作用。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-14 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112041759
P K Mandal, S Venkadesh, N Gautham

Crystal structures of the hexanucleotide d(CACGCG)·d(CGCGTG) were determined in two crystal lattices when different concentrations of the counterion Mn2+ were used in crystallization. The availability of Mn2+ during the crystallization process appears to play an important role in inducing different crystal packings that lead to crystals belonging to the two space groups P2(1) and P6(5). Analysis of the molecular interactions of Mn2+ with the Z-form duplexes shows direct coordination to the purine residues G and A.

用不同浓度的反离子Mn2+对六核苷酸d(CACGCG)·d(CGCGTG)在两个晶格中的晶体结构进行了测定。结晶过程中Mn2+的可用性似乎在诱导不同的晶体填充中起着重要作用,这些晶体填充导致属于两个空间群P2(1)和P6(5)的晶体。Mn2+与Z型双链体的分子相互作用的分析显示与嘌呤残基G和A直接配位。
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引用次数: 7
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of two hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes from Fusobacterium nucleatum. 核酸镰刀菌两种硫化氢产生酶的纯化、结晶和初步 X 射线分析。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-14 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112042546
Yuichiro Kezuka, Naoto Abe, Yasuo Yoshida, Takamasa Nonaka

Hydrogen sulfide produced by oral bacteria is responsible for oral malodour. Two homologous hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes, Fn1220 and Cdl, from Fusobacterium nucleatum (which actively produces hydrogen sulfide) were overproduced, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data were collected from the crystals using a synchrotron-radiation source. The Fn1220 crystal belonged to tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a=b=116.8, c=99.2 Å) and the Cdl crystal belonged to monoclinic space group P2(1) (unit-cell parameters a=84.9, b=70.9, c=87.6 Å, β=90.3°).

口腔细菌产生的硫化氢是口腔恶臭的罪魁祸首。我们过量生产、纯化并结晶了两种同源的硫化氢产生酶 Fn1220 和 Cdl,这两种酶来自核酸镰刀菌(核酸镰刀菌积极产生硫化氢)。利用同步辐射源收集了晶体的 X 射线衍射数据。Fn1220 晶体属于四方空间群 P4(1)2(1)2 或 P4(3)2(1)2 (单胞参数 a=b=116.8,c=99.2 Å),Cdl 晶体属于单斜空间群 P2(1)(单胞参数 a=84.9,b=70.9,c=87.6 Å,β=90.3°)。
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引用次数: 0
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the tetrapyrrole-biosynthetic enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase from Arabidopsis thaliana. 拟南芥四吡咯生物合成酶卟啉原脱氨酶的结晶和初步 X 射线表征。
IF 0.9 4区 生物学 Pub Date : 2012-12-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-14 DOI: 10.1107/S1744309112042212
A Roberts, R Gill, R J Hussey, H Mikolajek, P T Erskine, J B Cooper, S P Wood, E J T Chrystal, P M Shoolingin-Jordan

The enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD; hydroxymethylbilane synthase; EC 2.5.1.61) catalyses a key early step of the haem-biosynthesis pathway in which four molecules of the monopyrrole porphobilinogen are condensed to form a linear tetrapyrrole. The enzyme possesses a dipyrromethane cofactor which is covalently linked by a thioether bridge to an invariant cysteine residue. Since PBGD catalyses a reaction which is common to the biosynthesis of both haem and chlorophyll, structural studies of a plant PBGD enzyme offer great potential for the discovery of novel herbicides. Until recently, structural data have only been available for the Escherichia coli and human forms of the enzyme. Expression in E. coli of a codon-optimized gene for Arabidopsis thaliana PBGD has permitted for the first time the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the enzyme from a plant species at high resolution.

卟啉原脱氨酶(PBGD;羟甲基比兰合成酶;EC 2.5.1.61)催化血红素生物合成途径的早期关键步骤,在这一步骤中,四分子单吡咯卟啉原缩合成线性四吡咯。该酶具有一个二吡咯烷辅助因子,该辅助因子通过硫醚桥与一个不变的半胱氨酸残基共价连接。由于 PBGD 催化的反应与血红素和叶绿素的生物合成过程相同,因此对植物 PBGD 酶的结构研究为发现新型除草剂提供了巨大的潜力。直到最近,人们还只能获得大肠杆菌和人类形式的这种酶的结构数据。拟南芥 PBGD 的密码子优化基因在大肠杆菌中的表达首次实现了高分辨率的结晶和植物物种酶的初步 X 射线分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Acta Crystallographica Section F-structural Biology and Crystallization Communications
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