Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1321687
Lara Ferrero Gómez, H. D. R. Rocha, Ignacio Gil Torró, Irene Serafín Pérez, Deinilson Conselheiro Mendes, Keily Silva, D. Monteiro, Jailson P. Tavares Dos Reis, Silvânia Veiga Leal, Luis F. Vitória Soulé, Jailton C. Fortes, Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça, Eva Caballero Mendez, Basilio Valladares Hernández
Cabo Verde, an island country in West Africa, has been affected since human colonization by epidemics of vector-borne diseases with major epidemics of dengue and zika in recent years. Although there is a national program for integrated vector control, innovative strategies that reinforce routine activities and strengthen vector control are necessary to prevent the emergence or reemergence of arboviruses and new epidemics of dengue and zika. Insecticide paints are evidenced as new technologies for the formulation of insecticides in a more residual and safe way. The TINTAEDES project aimed to assess the efficacy, acceptability, and operational deployment of an insecticide paint for Aedes control.Laboratory and small-scale field trials were conducted, assessing mortality through World Health Organization cone bioassays. A community-based intervention study in the neighborhoods of Várzea and Tira Chapéu in the city of Praia, Cabo Verde, was developed. The intervention is a paint self-application model by homeowners and neighborhood volunteers. The intervention was evaluated based on entomological indicators and the responses given by the residents of the painted houses to a questionnaire on the knowledge, satisfaction, and safety of insecticidal paints. A transfluthrin-based insecticide paint was effective against wild Ae. aegypti for one year in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. Residents largely perceived a reduction in mosquito presence in the treated houses (98%).Insecticide paints are presented as an effective innovation strategy for mosquito control, which could be implemented as a reinforcement of the measures carried out by the vector control program in the city of Praia and throughout the country.
{"title":"Insecticide paints: a new community strategy for controlling dengue and zika mosquito vectors in Cabo Verde","authors":"Lara Ferrero Gómez, H. D. R. Rocha, Ignacio Gil Torró, Irene Serafín Pérez, Deinilson Conselheiro Mendes, Keily Silva, D. Monteiro, Jailson P. Tavares Dos Reis, Silvânia Veiga Leal, Luis F. Vitória Soulé, Jailton C. Fortes, Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça, Eva Caballero Mendez, Basilio Valladares Hernández","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1321687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1321687","url":null,"abstract":"Cabo Verde, an island country in West Africa, has been affected since human colonization by epidemics of vector-borne diseases with major epidemics of dengue and zika in recent years. Although there is a national program for integrated vector control, innovative strategies that reinforce routine activities and strengthen vector control are necessary to prevent the emergence or reemergence of arboviruses and new epidemics of dengue and zika. Insecticide paints are evidenced as new technologies for the formulation of insecticides in a more residual and safe way. The TINTAEDES project aimed to assess the efficacy, acceptability, and operational deployment of an insecticide paint for Aedes control.Laboratory and small-scale field trials were conducted, assessing mortality through World Health Organization cone bioassays. A community-based intervention study in the neighborhoods of Várzea and Tira Chapéu in the city of Praia, Cabo Verde, was developed. The intervention is a paint self-application model by homeowners and neighborhood volunteers. The intervention was evaluated based on entomological indicators and the responses given by the residents of the painted houses to a questionnaire on the knowledge, satisfaction, and safety of insecticidal paints. A transfluthrin-based insecticide paint was effective against wild Ae. aegypti for one year in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. Residents largely perceived a reduction in mosquito presence in the treated houses (98%).Insecticide paints are presented as an effective innovation strategy for mosquito control, which could be implemented as a reinforcement of the measures carried out by the vector control program in the city of Praia and throughout the country.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"129 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1308129
Erin Q. Rogers, Sepo Mwangelwa, Chishiba Kabengele, W. Kilembe, B. Vwalika, M. Inambao, Kawela Mumba, Chama Chanda, W. E. Secor, Vernon Musale, Constance Himukumbwa, Rachel Parker, A. Tichacek, Katiana Bougouma, Susan Allen, K. Wall
The World Health Organization estimates that 56 million women and girls live with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) in sub-Saharan Africa. FGS is often confused with symptoms of other genital abnormalities, and gold standard diagnosis with colposcopy is infeasible in most health facilities. Schistosomiasis haematobium is endemic in Zambia, yet routine screening or diagnostic efforts for FGS remain unavailable. Our study aimed to develop and pilot test a feasible FGS screening algorithm to implement in Zambian government clinics.We recruited 499 women from a longitudinal cohort of HIV-negative adult women in Lusaka and Ndola, Zambia. We used demographic, risk factor, and symptom data collected from standardized surveys, gynecological exams, and laboratory tests to develop a screening algorithm for FGS among a derivation cohort (n=349). After cross-validation using 5-fold iterative resampling, the algorithm was applied in a holdout sample of the cohort (n=150). The prevalence of FGS (ascertained by expert review) was 23.4% in the study population. The screening algorithm included childhood and travel exposure to rivers and streams; testing positive for visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid; hematuria; reporting less than the median average age at sexual debut (<17 years); when asked what diseases can be transmitted via freshwater exposure, reporting ‘none’; being born outside of Lusaka or Copperbelt Province; and reporting occupation as ‘Housekeeper’. The screening algorithm had reasonable discrimination in the derivation cohort (area under the curve [AUC]=0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.79, p-value<0.001). Using a score cut off ≥ 2 the risk algorithm in the derivation cohort had 77% sensitivity, 48% specificity, 35% positive predictive value, and 85% negative predictive value.Given the prevalence of FGS and associated morbidities, improved screening for FGS is imperative. We developed a simple screening algorithm to improve the diagnosis and treatment of FGS among adult women in Zambian government clinics.
{"title":"Developing and validating a screening tool for female genital schistosomiasis in urban Zambia","authors":"Erin Q. Rogers, Sepo Mwangelwa, Chishiba Kabengele, W. Kilembe, B. Vwalika, M. Inambao, Kawela Mumba, Chama Chanda, W. E. Secor, Vernon Musale, Constance Himukumbwa, Rachel Parker, A. Tichacek, Katiana Bougouma, Susan Allen, K. Wall","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2023.1308129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2023.1308129","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization estimates that 56 million women and girls live with female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) in sub-Saharan Africa. FGS is often confused with symptoms of other genital abnormalities, and gold standard diagnosis with colposcopy is infeasible in most health facilities. Schistosomiasis haematobium is endemic in Zambia, yet routine screening or diagnostic efforts for FGS remain unavailable. Our study aimed to develop and pilot test a feasible FGS screening algorithm to implement in Zambian government clinics.We recruited 499 women from a longitudinal cohort of HIV-negative adult women in Lusaka and Ndola, Zambia. We used demographic, risk factor, and symptom data collected from standardized surveys, gynecological exams, and laboratory tests to develop a screening algorithm for FGS among a derivation cohort (n=349). After cross-validation using 5-fold iterative resampling, the algorithm was applied in a holdout sample of the cohort (n=150). The prevalence of FGS (ascertained by expert review) was 23.4% in the study population. The screening algorithm included childhood and travel exposure to rivers and streams; testing positive for visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid; hematuria; reporting less than the median average age at sexual debut (<17 years); when asked what diseases can be transmitted via freshwater exposure, reporting ‘none’; being born outside of Lusaka or Copperbelt Province; and reporting occupation as ‘Housekeeper’. The screening algorithm had reasonable discrimination in the derivation cohort (area under the curve [AUC]=0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.79, p-value<0.001). Using a score cut off ≥ 2 the risk algorithm in the derivation cohort had 77% sensitivity, 48% specificity, 35% positive predictive value, and 85% negative predictive value.Given the prevalence of FGS and associated morbidities, improved screening for FGS is imperative. We developed a simple screening algorithm to improve the diagnosis and treatment of FGS among adult women in Zambian government clinics.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"57 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926
Benedetta Rossi, B. Formenti, C. Cerini, Nerisia Tique, Rafaela da Celma Cossa, Federica Boniotti, Bruno Comini, L. Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli
Floods, and cyclones are occurring with increasing frequency and intensity worldwide due to global warming. Mozambique is very susceptible to these extreme events due to its geographical location. In the last ten years, four of the most severe extreme climatic events have been observed in this country, leading to widespread destruction of infrastructure and the displacement of inhabitants. Cyclones Dineo in 2017, Idai and Kenneth in 2019 and recently Freddy in 2023 affected in total over two million people impacting food and water security, causing cholera outbreaks and damage to health facilities. The mobile health units, known as Brigadas Móveis (BM), are crucial to the Mozambican health system as they provide people in the most remote areas with vaccinations, and antimalarials, and other interventions. The BM activities in five districts of Inhambane province in the south of Mozambique are run by the NGO Medicus Mundi Italia in collaboration with the local health authorities. Cyclone Freddy flooded the province of Inhambane, affecting road accessibility and the BM’s planned operations in all five districts with a loss of 37.8% of BM outreach activities. The temporary absence of the BM service resulted in rural communities having no access to health care, including routine vaccine administration. Adaptation strategies need to be implemented to address the healthcare challenges associated with extreme climate events. As described in our experience in Inhambane, BM restored outreach activities immediately after the cyclone, improving access to care after challenging situations.
{"title":"Addressing health care disruption in rural Mozambique due to extreme climate events: mobile units tackling cyclones, vaccine-preventable diseases, and beyond","authors":"Benedetta Rossi, B. Formenti, C. Cerini, Nerisia Tique, Rafaela da Celma Cossa, Federica Boniotti, Bruno Comini, L. Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926","url":null,"abstract":"Floods, and cyclones are occurring with increasing frequency and intensity worldwide due to global warming. Mozambique is very susceptible to these extreme events due to its geographical location. In the last ten years, four of the most severe extreme climatic events have been observed in this country, leading to widespread destruction of infrastructure and the displacement of inhabitants. Cyclones Dineo in 2017, Idai and Kenneth in 2019 and recently Freddy in 2023 affected in total over two million people impacting food and water security, causing cholera outbreaks and damage to health facilities. The mobile health units, known as Brigadas Móveis (BM), are crucial to the Mozambican health system as they provide people in the most remote areas with vaccinations, and antimalarials, and other interventions. The BM activities in five districts of Inhambane province in the south of Mozambique are run by the NGO Medicus Mundi Italia in collaboration with the local health authorities. Cyclone Freddy flooded the province of Inhambane, affecting road accessibility and the BM’s planned operations in all five districts with a loss of 37.8% of BM outreach activities. The temporary absence of the BM service resulted in rural communities having no access to health care, including routine vaccine administration. Adaptation strategies need to be implemented to address the healthcare challenges associated with extreme climate events. As described in our experience in Inhambane, BM restored outreach activities immediately after the cyclone, improving access to care after challenging situations.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"59 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926
Benedetta Rossi, B. Formenti, C. Cerini, Nerisia Tique, Rafaela da Celma Cossa, Federica Boniotti, Bruno Comini, L. Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli
Floods, and cyclones are occurring with increasing frequency and intensity worldwide due to global warming. Mozambique is very susceptible to these extreme events due to its geographical location. In the last ten years, four of the most severe extreme climatic events have been observed in this country, leading to widespread destruction of infrastructure and the displacement of inhabitants. Cyclones Dineo in 2017, Idai and Kenneth in 2019 and recently Freddy in 2023 affected in total over two million people impacting food and water security, causing cholera outbreaks and damage to health facilities. The mobile health units, known as Brigadas Móveis (BM), are crucial to the Mozambican health system as they provide people in the most remote areas with vaccinations, and antimalarials, and other interventions. The BM activities in five districts of Inhambane province in the south of Mozambique are run by the NGO Medicus Mundi Italia in collaboration with the local health authorities. Cyclone Freddy flooded the province of Inhambane, affecting road accessibility and the BM’s planned operations in all five districts with a loss of 37.8% of BM outreach activities. The temporary absence of the BM service resulted in rural communities having no access to health care, including routine vaccine administration. Adaptation strategies need to be implemented to address the healthcare challenges associated with extreme climate events. As described in our experience in Inhambane, BM restored outreach activities immediately after the cyclone, improving access to care after challenging situations.
{"title":"Addressing health care disruption in rural Mozambique due to extreme climate events: mobile units tackling cyclones, vaccine-preventable diseases, and beyond","authors":"Benedetta Rossi, B. Formenti, C. Cerini, Nerisia Tique, Rafaela da Celma Cossa, Federica Boniotti, Bruno Comini, L. Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1328926","url":null,"abstract":"Floods, and cyclones are occurring with increasing frequency and intensity worldwide due to global warming. Mozambique is very susceptible to these extreme events due to its geographical location. In the last ten years, four of the most severe extreme climatic events have been observed in this country, leading to widespread destruction of infrastructure and the displacement of inhabitants. Cyclones Dineo in 2017, Idai and Kenneth in 2019 and recently Freddy in 2023 affected in total over two million people impacting food and water security, causing cholera outbreaks and damage to health facilities. The mobile health units, known as Brigadas Móveis (BM), are crucial to the Mozambican health system as they provide people in the most remote areas with vaccinations, and antimalarials, and other interventions. The BM activities in five districts of Inhambane province in the south of Mozambique are run by the NGO Medicus Mundi Italia in collaboration with the local health authorities. Cyclone Freddy flooded the province of Inhambane, affecting road accessibility and the BM’s planned operations in all five districts with a loss of 37.8% of BM outreach activities. The temporary absence of the BM service resulted in rural communities having no access to health care, including routine vaccine administration. Adaptation strategies need to be implemented to address the healthcare challenges associated with extreme climate events. As described in our experience in Inhambane, BM restored outreach activities immediately after the cyclone, improving access to care after challenging situations.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379
U. Kibwana, J. Manyahi, S. Moyo, Bjørn Blomberg, Adam P. Roberts, N. Langeland, S. Mshana
Enterococci are becoming clinically more important especially among immunocompromised patients. Of concern are vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) which have both intrinsic and acquired forms of resistance. This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. and characterize VRE isolate obtained from HIV-infected patient using whole genome sequencing (WGS).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 57 enterococci isolates by both the disk diffusion method and Epsilometer test (E-Test). WGS was performed on VRE isolate determined by E-test.Out of the 57 enterococci isolates; 58% (33/57) were E. faecalis, 39% (22/57) E. faecium and 4% (2/57) were E. gallinarum. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed in E. faecalis isolates. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance was observed towards quinupristin-dalfopristin (56%, 32/57), followed by ciprofloxacin (28%), tigecycline (18%), daptomycin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%), ampicillin and teicoplanin (2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11% (6/57) of the isolates. Vancomycin resistance and high-level gentamycin resistance (HLGR) were observed in one E. faecium and one E. faecalis isolates respectively. The VRE was typed as ST80, carried vanA and other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and ampicillin. Furthermore, the isolate had chromosomal mutations responsible for quinolone (gyrA (p.S83I) and parC (p.S80I) and ampicillin (pbp5) resistance.The detection of VRE, HLGR and MDR in the study settings underscores the sustained surveillance of VRE in high-risk groups and institution of infection control measures for prompt identification and isolation of carriers to prevent the spread of VRE in the community and hospital settings.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species and molecular characterization of Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium from the fecal samples of newly diagnosed adult HIV patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"U. Kibwana, J. Manyahi, S. Moyo, Bjørn Blomberg, Adam P. Roberts, N. Langeland, S. Mshana","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379","url":null,"abstract":"Enterococci are becoming clinically more important especially among immunocompromised patients. Of concern are vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) which have both intrinsic and acquired forms of resistance. This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. and characterize VRE isolate obtained from HIV-infected patient using whole genome sequencing (WGS).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 57 enterococci isolates by both the disk diffusion method and Epsilometer test (E-Test). WGS was performed on VRE isolate determined by E-test.Out of the 57 enterococci isolates; 58% (33/57) were E. faecalis, 39% (22/57) E. faecium and 4% (2/57) were E. gallinarum. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed in E. faecalis isolates. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance was observed towards quinupristin-dalfopristin (56%, 32/57), followed by ciprofloxacin (28%), tigecycline (18%), daptomycin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%), ampicillin and teicoplanin (2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11% (6/57) of the isolates. Vancomycin resistance and high-level gentamycin resistance (HLGR) were observed in one E. faecium and one E. faecalis isolates respectively. The VRE was typed as ST80, carried vanA and other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and ampicillin. Furthermore, the isolate had chromosomal mutations responsible for quinolone (gyrA (p.S83I) and parC (p.S80I) and ampicillin (pbp5) resistance.The detection of VRE, HLGR and MDR in the study settings underscores the sustained surveillance of VRE in high-risk groups and institution of infection control measures for prompt identification and isolation of carriers to prevent the spread of VRE in the community and hospital settings.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532
Hombamane Christelle Simfele, G. Katawa, K. Arndts, C. N. Tchopba, O. M. Amessoudji, E. P. Tchadie, S. Karou, Y. Ameyapoh, Achim Hoerauf, M. Kolou, Laura E Layland-Heni, M. Ritter
The world health organization (WHO) introduced the mass drug administration (MDA) strategy in order to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni in endemic areas. However, this strategy is not implemented in adult population in Togo. Thus, the question arose if the present MDA strategy contributes to the reduction of transmission rates. The present study aimed to monitor the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni among adult’s, between 2017 and 2022, in the central region of Togo.Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in six villages in the central region of Togo in 2017 and 2022. Stool samples were collected from adults over the age of 18 years. To assess STHs and S. mansoni infections, real-time multiplex qPCR and Kato-Katz techniques were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21 and GraphPad PRISM version 9.2.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 210 and 289 individuals were recruited in 2017 and 2022, respectively. We detected significant increase in the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni from 7.61% to 24.56% (p=0.0008) and from 27.62% to 46.36% (p=0.0014) by Kato-Katz and RT-qPCR, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale infection was the highest with an increase from 7.14% to 23.53% by Kato-Katz and 9.09% to 40.0% by RT-qPCR.The prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni increased in the adult population in the central region of Togo from 2017 to 2022, despite the implementation of MDA in school-aged children. Hence, there is an urgent need to include adult individuals and adapt the MDA programme in the central region of Togo.
{"title":"Is a mass drug administration deworming programme for school-aged children enough to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni in adults: a cross-sectional study from Togo","authors":"Hombamane Christelle Simfele, G. Katawa, K. Arndts, C. N. Tchopba, O. M. Amessoudji, E. P. Tchadie, S. Karou, Y. Ameyapoh, Achim Hoerauf, M. Kolou, Laura E Layland-Heni, M. Ritter","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532","url":null,"abstract":"The world health organization (WHO) introduced the mass drug administration (MDA) strategy in order to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni in endemic areas. However, this strategy is not implemented in adult population in Togo. Thus, the question arose if the present MDA strategy contributes to the reduction of transmission rates. The present study aimed to monitor the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni among adult’s, between 2017 and 2022, in the central region of Togo.Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in six villages in the central region of Togo in 2017 and 2022. Stool samples were collected from adults over the age of 18 years. To assess STHs and S. mansoni infections, real-time multiplex qPCR and Kato-Katz techniques were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21 and GraphPad PRISM version 9.2.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 210 and 289 individuals were recruited in 2017 and 2022, respectively. We detected significant increase in the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni from 7.61% to 24.56% (p=0.0008) and from 27.62% to 46.36% (p=0.0014) by Kato-Katz and RT-qPCR, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale infection was the highest with an increase from 7.14% to 23.53% by Kato-Katz and 9.09% to 40.0% by RT-qPCR.The prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni increased in the adult population in the central region of Togo from 2017 to 2022, despite the implementation of MDA in school-aged children. Hence, there is an urgent need to include adult individuals and adapt the MDA programme in the central region of Togo.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532
Hombamane Christelle Simfele, G. Katawa, K. Arndts, C. N. Tchopba, O. M. Amessoudji, E. P. Tchadie, S. Karou, Y. Ameyapoh, Achim Hoerauf, M. Kolou, Laura E Layland-Heni, M. Ritter
The world health organization (WHO) introduced the mass drug administration (MDA) strategy in order to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni in endemic areas. However, this strategy is not implemented in adult population in Togo. Thus, the question arose if the present MDA strategy contributes to the reduction of transmission rates. The present study aimed to monitor the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni among adult’s, between 2017 and 2022, in the central region of Togo.Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in six villages in the central region of Togo in 2017 and 2022. Stool samples were collected from adults over the age of 18 years. To assess STHs and S. mansoni infections, real-time multiplex qPCR and Kato-Katz techniques were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21 and GraphPad PRISM version 9.2.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 210 and 289 individuals were recruited in 2017 and 2022, respectively. We detected significant increase in the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni from 7.61% to 24.56% (p=0.0008) and from 27.62% to 46.36% (p=0.0014) by Kato-Katz and RT-qPCR, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale infection was the highest with an increase from 7.14% to 23.53% by Kato-Katz and 9.09% to 40.0% by RT-qPCR.The prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni increased in the adult population in the central region of Togo from 2017 to 2022, despite the implementation of MDA in school-aged children. Hence, there is an urgent need to include adult individuals and adapt the MDA programme in the central region of Togo.
{"title":"Is a mass drug administration deworming programme for school-aged children enough to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni in adults: a cross-sectional study from Togo","authors":"Hombamane Christelle Simfele, G. Katawa, K. Arndts, C. N. Tchopba, O. M. Amessoudji, E. P. Tchadie, S. Karou, Y. Ameyapoh, Achim Hoerauf, M. Kolou, Laura E Layland-Heni, M. Ritter","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1283532","url":null,"abstract":"The world health organization (WHO) introduced the mass drug administration (MDA) strategy in order to reduce the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni in endemic areas. However, this strategy is not implemented in adult population in Togo. Thus, the question arose if the present MDA strategy contributes to the reduction of transmission rates. The present study aimed to monitor the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni among adult’s, between 2017 and 2022, in the central region of Togo.Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in six villages in the central region of Togo in 2017 and 2022. Stool samples were collected from adults over the age of 18 years. To assess STHs and S. mansoni infections, real-time multiplex qPCR and Kato-Katz techniques were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21 and GraphPad PRISM version 9.2.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 210 and 289 individuals were recruited in 2017 and 2022, respectively. We detected significant increase in the prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni from 7.61% to 24.56% (p=0.0008) and from 27.62% to 46.36% (p=0.0014) by Kato-Katz and RT-qPCR, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale infection was the highest with an increase from 7.14% to 23.53% by Kato-Katz and 9.09% to 40.0% by RT-qPCR.The prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni increased in the adult population in the central region of Togo from 2017 to 2022, despite the implementation of MDA in school-aged children. Hence, there is an urgent need to include adult individuals and adapt the MDA programme in the central region of Togo.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"186 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435
Rebecca Ker Loh, Tyrone Ren Hao Tan, Huiqing Yeo, Tze Xuan Yeoh, T. T. M. Lee, S. N. Kutty, Nalini Puniamoorthy
Mosquitoes (Family: Culicidae) are dominant vectors of pathogens, and their surveillance has been incorporated into major disease control programs worldwide. However, routine, species-level identification of mosquitoes is often a bottleneck for management, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms and DNA metabarcoding can revolutionize this process. MinION nanopore technologies promise on-site sequencing and rapid sample processing rates ideal for time-sensitive biosurveillance. Here, we benchmark the results of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION against the Illumina MiSeq platform, which is known for its higher sequencing accuracy. We used metazoan COI mini-barcode primers to carry out DNA metabarcoding of mosquito bulk samples caught during a real vector survey, then compared the mosquito species profiles recovered on each sequencing platform. We also tested the influence of using different trap lures, storage methods, and pooling different specimen body parts on the number of species recovered. We report that mosquito species-level identifications were highly congruent between MinION and Illumina (93% overlap). We also find that CO2 gas cylinders outperformed biogenic CO2 sources significantly, by two-fold. Notably, we demonstrated the feasibility of detecting zoonotic reservoirs and pathogen signals from mosquito bulk samples. We present the first use of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION for vector surveillance and discuss future applications.
蚊子（科：Culicidae）是病原体的主要传播媒介，对它们的监测已被纳入全球主要疾病控制计划。然而，蚊子的常规物种级鉴定往往是管理的瓶颈，而下一代测序（NGS）平台和 DNA 代谢编码可彻底改变这一过程。MinION 纳米孔技术有望实现现场测序和快速样本处理，是时间敏感型生物监测的理想选择。在这里，我们将 MinION 上的 DNA 元条码结果与 Illumina MiSeq 平台进行了比较，后者以其更高的测序准确性而著称。我们使用中生代COI迷你条码引物对实际病媒调查中捕获的大量蚊子样本进行了DNA元标码，然后比较了每个测序平台上回收的蚊子物种图谱。我们还测试了使用不同的诱捕诱饵、储存方法和汇集不同的样本身体部位对回收物种数量的影响。我们发现 MinION 和 Illumina 的蚊子物种鉴定结果高度一致（重叠率高达 93%）。我们还发现，二氧化碳气瓶的性能明显优于生物源二氧化碳，高出两倍。值得注意的是，我们证明了从蚊子大量样本中检测人畜共患病库和病原体信号的可行性。我们首次在 MinION 上将 DNA 代谢编码用于病媒监测，并讨论了未来的应用。
{"title":"Metabarcoding mosquitoes: MinION sequencing of bulk samples gives accurate species profiles for vector surveillance (Culicidae)","authors":"Rebecca Ker Loh, Tyrone Ren Hao Tan, Huiqing Yeo, Tze Xuan Yeoh, T. T. M. Lee, S. N. Kutty, Nalini Puniamoorthy","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes (Family: Culicidae) are dominant vectors of pathogens, and their surveillance has been incorporated into major disease control programs worldwide. However, routine, species-level identification of mosquitoes is often a bottleneck for management, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms and DNA metabarcoding can revolutionize this process. MinION nanopore technologies promise on-site sequencing and rapid sample processing rates ideal for time-sensitive biosurveillance. Here, we benchmark the results of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION against the Illumina MiSeq platform, which is known for its higher sequencing accuracy. We used metazoan COI mini-barcode primers to carry out DNA metabarcoding of mosquito bulk samples caught during a real vector survey, then compared the mosquito species profiles recovered on each sequencing platform. We also tested the influence of using different trap lures, storage methods, and pooling different specimen body parts on the number of species recovered. We report that mosquito species-level identifications were highly congruent between MinION and Illumina (93% overlap). We also find that CO2 gas cylinders outperformed biogenic CO2 sources significantly, by two-fold. Notably, we demonstrated the feasibility of detecting zoonotic reservoirs and pathogen signals from mosquito bulk samples. We present the first use of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION for vector surveillance and discuss future applications.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"340 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379
U. Kibwana, J. Manyahi, S. Moyo, Bjørn Blomberg, Adam P. Roberts, N. Langeland, S. Mshana
Enterococci are becoming clinically more important especially among immunocompromised patients. Of concern are vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) which have both intrinsic and acquired forms of resistance. This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. and characterize VRE isolate obtained from HIV-infected patient using whole genome sequencing (WGS).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 57 enterococci isolates by both the disk diffusion method and Epsilometer test (E-Test). WGS was performed on VRE isolate determined by E-test.Out of the 57 enterococci isolates; 58% (33/57) were E. faecalis, 39% (22/57) E. faecium and 4% (2/57) were E. gallinarum. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed in E. faecalis isolates. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance was observed towards quinupristin-dalfopristin (56%, 32/57), followed by ciprofloxacin (28%), tigecycline (18%), daptomycin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%), ampicillin and teicoplanin (2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11% (6/57) of the isolates. Vancomycin resistance and high-level gentamycin resistance (HLGR) were observed in one E. faecium and one E. faecalis isolates respectively. The VRE was typed as ST80, carried vanA and other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and ampicillin. Furthermore, the isolate had chromosomal mutations responsible for quinolone (gyrA (p.S83I) and parC (p.S80I) and ampicillin (pbp5) resistance.The detection of VRE, HLGR and MDR in the study settings underscores the sustained surveillance of VRE in high-risk groups and institution of infection control measures for prompt identification and isolation of carriers to prevent the spread of VRE in the community and hospital settings.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species and molecular characterization of Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium from the fecal samples of newly diagnosed adult HIV patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"U. Kibwana, J. Manyahi, S. Moyo, Bjørn Blomberg, Adam P. Roberts, N. Langeland, S. Mshana","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1307379","url":null,"abstract":"Enterococci are becoming clinically more important especially among immunocompromised patients. Of concern are vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) which have both intrinsic and acquired forms of resistance. This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. and characterize VRE isolate obtained from HIV-infected patient using whole genome sequencing (WGS).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 57 enterococci isolates by both the disk diffusion method and Epsilometer test (E-Test). WGS was performed on VRE isolate determined by E-test.Out of the 57 enterococci isolates; 58% (33/57) were E. faecalis, 39% (22/57) E. faecium and 4% (2/57) were E. gallinarum. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed in E. faecalis isolates. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance was observed towards quinupristin-dalfopristin (56%, 32/57), followed by ciprofloxacin (28%), tigecycline (18%), daptomycin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%), ampicillin and teicoplanin (2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11% (6/57) of the isolates. Vancomycin resistance and high-level gentamycin resistance (HLGR) were observed in one E. faecium and one E. faecalis isolates respectively. The VRE was typed as ST80, carried vanA and other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and ampicillin. Furthermore, the isolate had chromosomal mutations responsible for quinolone (gyrA (p.S83I) and parC (p.S80I) and ampicillin (pbp5) resistance.The detection of VRE, HLGR and MDR in the study settings underscores the sustained surveillance of VRE in high-risk groups and institution of infection control measures for prompt identification and isolation of carriers to prevent the spread of VRE in the community and hospital settings.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"134 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435
Rebecca Ker Loh, Tyrone Ren Hao Tan, Huiqing Yeo, Tze Xuan Yeoh, T. T. M. Lee, S. N. Kutty, Nalini Puniamoorthy
Mosquitoes (Family: Culicidae) are dominant vectors of pathogens, and their surveillance has been incorporated into major disease control programs worldwide. However, routine, species-level identification of mosquitoes is often a bottleneck for management, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms and DNA metabarcoding can revolutionize this process. MinION nanopore technologies promise on-site sequencing and rapid sample processing rates ideal for time-sensitive biosurveillance. Here, we benchmark the results of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION against the Illumina MiSeq platform, which is known for its higher sequencing accuracy. We used metazoan COI mini-barcode primers to carry out DNA metabarcoding of mosquito bulk samples caught during a real vector survey, then compared the mosquito species profiles recovered on each sequencing platform. We also tested the influence of using different trap lures, storage methods, and pooling different specimen body parts on the number of species recovered. We report that mosquito species-level identifications were highly congruent between MinION and Illumina (93% overlap). We also find that CO2 gas cylinders outperformed biogenic CO2 sources significantly, by two-fold. Notably, we demonstrated the feasibility of detecting zoonotic reservoirs and pathogen signals from mosquito bulk samples. We present the first use of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION for vector surveillance and discuss future applications.
蚊子（科：Culicidae）是病原体的主要传播媒介，对它们的监测已被纳入全球主要疾病控制计划。然而，蚊子的常规物种级鉴定往往是管理的瓶颈，而下一代测序（NGS）平台和 DNA 代谢编码可彻底改变这一过程。MinION 纳米孔技术有望实现现场测序和快速样本处理，是时间敏感型生物监测的理想选择。在这里，我们将 MinION 上的 DNA 元条码结果与 Illumina MiSeq 平台进行了比较，后者以其更高的测序准确性而著称。我们使用中生代COI迷你条码引物对实际病媒调查中捕获的大量蚊子样本进行了DNA元标码，然后比较了每个测序平台上回收的蚊子物种图谱。我们还测试了使用不同的诱捕诱饵、储存方法和汇集不同的样本身体部位对回收物种数量的影响。我们发现 MinION 和 Illumina 的蚊子物种鉴定结果高度一致（重叠率高达 93%）。我们还发现，二氧化碳气瓶的性能明显优于生物源二氧化碳，高出两倍。值得注意的是，我们证明了从蚊子大量样本中检测人畜共患病库和病原体信号的可行性。我们首次在 MinION 上将 DNA 代谢编码用于病媒监测，并讨论了未来的应用。
{"title":"Metabarcoding mosquitoes: MinION sequencing of bulk samples gives accurate species profiles for vector surveillance (Culicidae)","authors":"Rebecca Ker Loh, Tyrone Ren Hao Tan, Huiqing Yeo, Tze Xuan Yeoh, T. T. M. Lee, S. N. Kutty, Nalini Puniamoorthy","doi":"10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1223435","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes (Family: Culicidae) are dominant vectors of pathogens, and their surveillance has been incorporated into major disease control programs worldwide. However, routine, species-level identification of mosquitoes is often a bottleneck for management, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms and DNA metabarcoding can revolutionize this process. MinION nanopore technologies promise on-site sequencing and rapid sample processing rates ideal for time-sensitive biosurveillance. Here, we benchmark the results of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION against the Illumina MiSeq platform, which is known for its higher sequencing accuracy. We used metazoan COI mini-barcode primers to carry out DNA metabarcoding of mosquito bulk samples caught during a real vector survey, then compared the mosquito species profiles recovered on each sequencing platform. We also tested the influence of using different trap lures, storage methods, and pooling different specimen body parts on the number of species recovered. We report that mosquito species-level identifications were highly congruent between MinION and Illumina (93% overlap). We also find that CO2 gas cylinders outperformed biogenic CO2 sources significantly, by two-fold. Notably, we demonstrated the feasibility of detecting zoonotic reservoirs and pathogen signals from mosquito bulk samples. We present the first use of DNA metabarcoding on the MinION for vector surveillance and discuss future applications.","PeriodicalId":73112,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in tropical diseases","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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