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Pulmonary embolism: Thrombus-in-transit 肺栓塞过境血栓
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2024.100071
Natalie T. Truong , Patrick B. Hinfey

Background

Point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography can be useful in diagnosing a pulmonary embolism in patients with hemodynamic instability and facilitate with their management in the emergency department.

Case report

A 64 year-old man presented to the ED with several days of worsening exertional dyspnea associated with left-sided chest pain who was hemodynamically unstable. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed a clot in the right atrium, which led to further assessment of the right heart function to detect signs of acute right heart strain when a pulmonary embolism is highly suspected.

Why should an emergency physician be aware of this?

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was utilized to evaluate characteristic findings that will predict a higher risk of deterioration from a pulmonary embolism. Rarely, a mobile clot can be seen within the right atrium which is highly specific for imminent pulmonary embolism and is associated with higher risk of decompensation. Bedside transthoracic echocardiogram allowed for rapid diagnostic assessment that guided decision making and early management of pulmonary embolism, which can improve the patient's outcome.

背景 护理点经胸超声心动图有助于诊断血流动力学不稳定患者的肺动脉栓塞,并有助于急诊科对其进行处理。病例报告 一位 64 岁的男性因数天加重的劳累性呼吸困难伴左侧胸痛到急诊科就诊,他的血流动力学不稳定。床旁超声检查发现右心房有血块,因此需要进一步评估右心功能,以便在高度怀疑肺栓塞时检测急性右心劳损的迹象。在极少数情况下,右心房内可以看到移动的血块,这是即将发生肺栓塞的高度特异性表现,与较高的失代偿风险相关。床边经胸超声心动图可进行快速诊断评估,为肺栓塞的决策和早期治疗提供指导,从而改善患者的预后。
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引用次数: 0
Association between emergency department computed tomography utilization rate and patient satisfaction: A clinician level analysis across a regional healthcare system 急诊科计算机断层扫描使用率与患者满意度之间的关系:一个地区医疗系统的临床医生层面分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2024.100075
Katherine A. Pollard , Thomas Lardaro , Carl Pafford , Julia Vaizer , Christian C. Strachan , Steven K. Roumpf , Megan R. Crittendon , Karen N. Crevier , Benton R. Hunter

Background

Computed Tomography (CT) use is common during emergency department (ED) visits, and ED clinicians may order CTs for myriad reasons, including desire to improve patient satisfaction.

Objectives

To determine if greater CT use by ED clinicians is associated with increased average patient satisfaction scores for those providers.

Methods

The study took part across 15 non-pediatric hospitals in a regional healthcare system. We compared clinician CT use rate for adult patients discharged from the ED with Net Promotor Score (NPS) for that clinician. NPS is a patient satisfaction metric with a possible range of scores from −100 to +100. We included ED clinicians (physicians and non-physician providers (NPPs)) with at least 500 adult patient encounters resulting in ED discharge from July 2020 through June 2022. We assessed for an association between CT use and clinician NPS using univariate and multivariate regression models.

Results

Across the 15 hospitals, 166 physicians and 74 NPPs were included in the study. The median CT rate was 25.7 ​% (range 7.1 ​%–48.9 ​%). In both models, there was a statistical association between CT utilization and NPS such that every absolute increase in CT use by 10 ​% resulted in a 3-point improvement in provider NPS on the 200-point scale. When examined in a sensitivity analysis, none of the hospitals individually showed this same association.

Conclusions

We found a 26 ​% rate of CT use by clinicians for adults discharged from the ED, with wide variation in utilization between clinicians. There was a small and inconsistent association between CT utilization and clinician specific NPS scores.

背景计算机断层扫描(CT)的使用在急诊科(ED)就诊过程中很常见,急诊科临床医生可能会出于各种原因(包括希望提高患者满意度)而使用 CT。我们比较了临床医生对急诊室出院的成人患者使用 CT 的比例与该临床医生的净促进得分(NPS)。NPS 是一项患者满意度指标,评分范围从 -100 到 +100。我们纳入了 2020 年 7 月至 2022 年 6 月期间至少接诊 500 名成人患者并导致急诊室出院的急诊室临床医生(医生和非医生医疗服务提供者 (NPP))。我们使用单变量和多变量回归模型评估了 CT 使用与临床医生 NPS 之间的关联。CT 使用率的中位数为 25.7%(范围为 7.1%-48.9%)。在两个模型中,CT 使用率和 NPS 之间都存在统计学关联,CT 使用率每绝对增加 10%,医疗服务提供者的 NPS(200 分制)就会提高 3 分。结论我们发现临床医生对急诊室出院的成人使用 CT 的比例为 26%,不同临床医生之间的使用率差异很大。CT使用率与临床医生特定的 NPS 评分之间存在微小且不一致的关联。
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引用次数: 0
Successful use of haemato-polyvalent anti-venom cross-neutralisation in the clinical management of Rhabdophis subminiatus (Rhabdophis keelback) envenomation 成功使用血液多价抗蛇毒交叉中和疗法对亚小型横纹肌蛇(龙骨蛇)中毒进行临床治疗
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2024.100074
Abhay Kant, Mingwei Ng, Ming Jing Elizabeth Tan, Ponampalam R
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引用次数: 0
A woman with right upper extremity paralysis 一名右上肢瘫痪的妇女
Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100070
T Andrew Windsor , Jade J. Wong-You-Cheong , Daniel B. Gingold , J David Gatz
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引用次数: 0
Reconsidering conservative treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothoraces: A case report 重新考虑原发性自发性气胸的保守治疗:病例报告
Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100063
Khalid Zahalka , Tabea Haas-Heger , Ben Balogun-Ojuri

Background

Interventional management for primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSPs) appears to have become the norm, with conservative management having been pushed into the background over the past few decades. In the UK, management of PSPs is guided by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines. While original guidance, dating back to 2011, favoured interventional management, the newly released updated BTS algorithm has given the conservative approach greater visibility.

Case report

A teenager presented to the Emergency Department after having developed sudden onset chest discomfort. A chest x-ray confirmed a PSP. He was admitted and initially treated conservatively. After 24 hours of observation, a chest drain was inserted on the basis of a lack of radiologic improvement. On discharge after chest drain removal, he was found to have a recurrence of his pneumothorax when reviewed at the outpatient respiratory clinic. He was again managed conservatively, this time successfully.

Why should the emergency physician be aware of this?

This case raised several questions regarding the management of stable patients presenting with PSP. The body of evidence supporting conservative management as a safe and feasible option has been growing. It is therefore important for physicians to reconsider its role and value. While the newly released BTS guidelines are a step in the right direction, there are a number of important questions to address in order to both effectively guide emergency physicians and for conservative management to be used in a more standardised and routine way.

背景原发性自发性气胸(PSPs)的介入治疗似乎已成为一种常态,而保守治疗在过去几十年中已被推到了风口浪尖。在英国,PSP 的治疗遵循英国胸科学会 (BTS) 指南。病例报告一名青少年在突发胸部不适后到急诊科就诊。胸部 X 光检查证实他患有 PSP。他被收治入院,起初接受保守治疗。经过 24 小时的观察后,由于放射学症状没有改善,医生为他插入了胸腔引流管。拔除胸腔引流管后出院,在呼吸科门诊复查时发现他的气胸复发。为什么急诊医生应该注意这一点?这个病例提出了几个关于如何治疗病情稳定的 PSP 患者的问题。越来越多的证据表明,保守治疗是一种安全可行的选择。因此,医生必须重新考虑保守治疗的作用和价值。虽然新发布的 BTS 指南是朝着正确方向迈出的一步,但仍有许多重要问题需要解决,以便为急诊医生提供有效指导,并使保守治疗更加标准化和常规化。
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引用次数: 0
Sternomanubrial septic arthritis following minor chest trauma 胸骨管脓毒性关节炎继发于轻微的胸部创伤
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100055
Ami Schattner , Ina Dubin , Livnat Uliel
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引用次数: 0
Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca nerve block gelatin model 超声引导髂筋膜神经阻滞明胶模型
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100066
Mary Rometti, Ashley Keifer, Grant Wei, Christopher Bryczkowski

Background

Patients with hip fractures frequently present to the emergency department (ED). Traditional methods of pain control often include the use of opioid pain medication. Fascia iliaca nerve blocks offer an alternative method to acute pain management in the ED for hip fractures. At the time of this publication, there are no readily available, cost-effective gelatin models of the surrounding fascia iliaca anatomy.

Objectives

The objective was to design an accurate and cost-effective model to simulate fascia iliaca nerve block models for training emergency medicine clinicians.

Discussion

A gelatin model was created to simulate the anatomy of the inguinal region in order to perform a fascia iliaca block. This fascia iliaca nerve block model aided in training of residents and attendings to become familiar with the anatomy and techniques necessary to perform this nerve block. Clinicians were able to practice ultrasound guided in-plane approach into the fascia iliaca space where they could then hydrodissect and distill anesthetic. Each model could be used several times allowing trainees multiple attempts.

Conclusion

A method to create a fascia iliaca nerve block model using readily available supplies was designed to aid training of emergency medicine clinicians. We hope to improve the technique and clinician comfort-level when performing the fascia iliaca nerve block using this model.

背景髋部骨折患者经常出现在急诊室(ED)。传统的疼痛控制方法通常包括使用阿片类止痛药。髂筋膜神经阻滞为髋部骨折急诊科的急性疼痛管理提供了一种替代方法。在本出版物的时间,没有现成的,成本效益的明胶模型周围髂筋膜解剖。目的设计一种准确、经济的模拟髂筋膜神经阻滞模型,为急诊临床医生培训提供依据。为了进行髂筋膜阻滞,我们制作了一个明胶模型来模拟腹股沟区域的解剖。髂筋膜神经阻滞模型有助于住院医师和主治医师的培训,使他们熟悉进行神经阻滞所需的解剖结构和技术。临床医生能够实践超声引导平面内入路进入髂筋膜间隙,在那里他们可以进行水解剖和提取麻醉剂。每个模型可以使用多次,允许学员多次尝试。结论设计了一种利用现成材料制作髂筋膜神经阻滞模型的方法,以辅助急诊医学临床医生的培训。我们希望利用该模型提高髂筋膜神经阻滞的技术水平和临床医生的舒适度。
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引用次数: 2
Aims and Scope 目标及范围
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/S2773-2320(23)00065-2
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引用次数: 0
An EM Intern's Misadventure and Lessons in Sleep and Wellness 一名电磁学实习生的不幸遭遇以及睡眠和健康方面的经验教训
Pub Date : 2023-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100059
Rebekah Riordan

Background

Burnout, mental health issues, and sleep disorders continue to be a problem among emergency medicine physicians, affecting patient care, personal well-being, and retention of the specialty.

Case report

A 35-year-old female emergency medicine intern is brought in by her assistant program directors for altered mental status and ataxia, concerning for alcohol or drug intoxication. It was noted that she was confused, oriented only to self, and seemed to be experiencing auditory hallucinations. Also noted was she was tremulous and exhibited an ataxic gait. However, lab testing was inconsistent with drug or alcohol intoxication. During her hospital admission, it was discovered she had been awake over 80 hours after gaining collateral from friends and family. With the administration of a large amount of trazodone, she eventually fell asleep and was later diagnosed with four different sleep disorders and successfully treated by sleep specialists. This case is discussed here to bring more awareness to the poor state of wellness in the emergency medicine specialty and to suggest practical ways to address these multifactorial issues.

职业倦怠、精神健康问题和睡眠障碍一直是急诊科医生面临的一个问题,影响着病人护理、个人健康和专业的保留。病例报告一名35岁的女性急诊医学实习生被她的助理项目主任带进医院,治疗精神状态改变和共济失调,涉及酒精或药物中毒。人们注意到,她很困惑,只以自我为导向,似乎正在经历幻听。同样值得注意的是,她浑身发抖,步态失调。然而,实验室检测与药物或酒精中毒不一致。在她住院期间,在得到朋友和家人的担保后,她被发现已经清醒了80多个小时。在服用了大量曲唑酮后,她终于睡着了,后来被诊断出患有四种不同的睡眠障碍,并得到了睡眠专家的成功治疗。在这里讨论这个案例,以提高对急诊医学专业健康状况不佳的认识,并提出解决这些多因素问题的实用方法。
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引用次数: 0
Pasteurella multocida epiglottitis: A case report 多杀性巴氏杆菌会厌炎1例
Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100058
Laura Sofoulis , Blake Dawson , Tuan Pham

Background

Acute epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition usually caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal species. It is rarely caused by Pasteurella multocida, which is an oropharyngeal commensal in cats and dogs, and is usually responsible for human skin infections following inoculation by bite or scratch.

Case report

We report a case of a 50-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with acute epiglottitis due to Pasteurella multocida. The patient suffered rapid deterioration and subsequent hypoxic cardiac arrest requiring advanced life support measures and intubation. She recovered well following a course of penicillin-based intravenous antibiotics and airway support in the intensive care unit. Infection was likely acquired after close contact with her pet dog.

Why an emergency physician should be aware of this

Pasteurella multocida can cause a variety of atypical infections, including acute epiglottitis, and should be considered a possible causal organism in those with a history of animal exposure. While it is important to take a careful exposure history, the nature of a patient's presentation may necessitate a reliance on collateral history when there is unexpected and rapid patient deterioration. As is demonstrated in this case, the diagnosis, management, and treatment of adult-onset epiglottitis is multidisciplinary in nature and reliant on careful patient assessment that correlates pertinent historical findings with relevant laboratory results.

背景:急性会厌炎是一种危及生命的疾病,通常由链球菌或葡萄球菌引起。它很少由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起,这是一种猫和狗的口咽共生菌,通常是在咬或抓接种后引起人类皮肤感染的原因。病例报告我们报告一例50岁的女性谁提出了急性会厌炎由于多杀性巴氏杆菌急诊科。患者病情迅速恶化,随后出现缺氧性心脏骤停,需要先进的生命支持措施和插管。她在重症监护室接受了以青霉素为基础的静脉注射抗生素和气道支持后恢复良好。感染可能是在与其宠物狗密切接触后获得的。为什么急诊医生应该注意多杀性巴氏杆菌可引起多种非典型感染,包括急性会厌炎,并且在有动物接触史的患者中应被认为是一种可能的致病微生物。虽然仔细了解暴露史很重要,但当患者出现意外和快速恶化时,患者表现的性质可能需要依赖侧枝病史。正如本例所示,成人发作的会咽炎的诊断、管理和治疗本质上是多学科的,依赖于仔细的患者评估,将相关的历史发现与相关的实验室结果联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
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JEM reports
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