Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.26.428343
E. L. D. de Larrea-Mancera, Markus Philipp, T. Stavropoulos, A. Carrillo, S. Cheung, Tess K. Koerner, Michelle R. Molis, F. Gallun, A. Seitz
Understanding speech in the presence of acoustical competition is a major complaint of those with hearing difficulties. Here, a novel perceptual learning game was tested for its effectiveness in reducing difficulties with hearing speech in competition. The game was designed to train a mixture of auditory processing skills thought to underlie speech in competition, such as spectral-temporal processing, sound localization, and auditory working memory. Training on these skills occurred both in quiet and in competition with noise. Thirty college-aged participants without any known hearing difficulties were assigned either to this mixed-training condition or an active control consisting of frequency discrimination training within the same gamified setting. To assess training effectiveness, tests of speech in competition (primary outcome), as well as basic supra-threshold auditory processing and cognitive processing abilities (secondary outcomes) were administered before and after training. Results suggest modest improvements on speech in competition tests in the mixed-training compared to the frequency-discrimination control condition (Cohen’s d = 0.68). While the sample is small, and in normally hearing individuals, these data suggest promise of future study in populations with hearing difficulties.
在声学竞赛中理解语音是听力困难者的主要抱怨。在这里，测试了一种新颖的感知学习游戏在减少比赛中听力困难方面的有效性。该游戏旨在训练被认为是比赛中语音基础的听觉处理技能，如频谱时间处理、声音定位和听觉工作记忆。这些技能的训练既在安静中进行，也在与噪音的竞争中进行。30名没有任何已知听力困难的大学年龄参与者被分配到这种混合训练条件下，或者在同一游戏化环境中进行由频率辨别训练组成的主动控制。为了评估训练的有效性，在训练前后进行了比赛中的言语测试（主要结果）以及基本的超阈值听觉处理和认知处理能力测试（次要结果）。结果表明，与频率辨别控制条件相比，在混合训练的竞争测试中，言语有适度的改善（Cohen’s d = 0.68）。虽然样本很小，而且在听力正常的个体中，这些数据表明未来有可能在听力困难人群中进行研究。
{"title":"Training with an auditory perceptual learning game transfers to speech in competition","authors":"E. L. D. de Larrea-Mancera, Markus Philipp, T. Stavropoulos, A. Carrillo, S. Cheung, Tess K. Koerner, Michelle R. Molis, F. Gallun, A. Seitz","doi":"10.1101/2021.01.26.428343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.26.428343","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding speech in the presence of acoustical competition is a major complaint of those with hearing difficulties. Here, a novel perceptual learning game was tested for its effectiveness in reducing difficulties with hearing speech in competition. The game was designed to train a mixture of auditory processing skills thought to underlie speech in competition, such as spectral-temporal processing, sound localization, and auditory working memory. Training on these skills occurred both in quiet and in competition with noise. Thirty college-aged participants without any known hearing difficulties were assigned either to this mixed-training condition or an active control consisting of frequency discrimination training within the same gamified setting. To assess training effectiveness, tests of speech in competition (primary outcome), as well as basic supra-threshold auditory processing and cognitive processing abilities (secondary outcomes) were administered before and after training. Results suggest modest improvements on speech in competition tests in the mixed-training compared to the frequency-discrimination control condition (Cohen’s d = 0.68). While the sample is small, and in normally hearing individuals, these data suggest promise of future study in populations with hearing difficulties.","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46130093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00198-w
Michael F. S. Baranski
{"title":"No State Effects of Brief Mindfulness Meditation on the Executive Functions of Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating","authors":"Michael F. S. Baranski","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00198-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00198-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"311 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00198-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00201-4
O. Vartanian, Tonya Stokes-Hendriks, Kristen King, Emma J. Rice, S. Forbes
{"title":"3D Multiple Object Tracking or Adaptive Dual n-back Training Boosts Simple Verbal Working Memory Span but Not Multitasking Performance in Military Participants","authors":"O. Vartanian, Tonya Stokes-Hendriks, Kristen King, Emma J. Rice, S. Forbes","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00201-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00201-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"280 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00201-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53192985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-28DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00202-3
Barbara Studer-Luethi, B. Meier
{"title":"Is Training with the N-Back Task More Effective Than with Other Tasks? N-Back vs. Dichotic Listening vs. Simple Listening","authors":"Barbara Studer-Luethi, B. Meier","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00202-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00202-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"434 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00202-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01Epub Date: 2020-04-21DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00170-8
Anna Wexler, Ashwini Nagappan, Deena Kopyto, Rebekah Choi
Although electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback is a technique that has been in existence for many decades, it has remained controversial, largely due to questions about efficacy. Yet neurofeedback is being widely offered to the public, often at great expense. To date, however, there has not been empirical data on which providers are utilizing neurofeedback, what they are offering it for, and how they are advertising the technique. The present study aimed to fill that gap by systematically analyzing the websites of neurofeedback practitioners in the United States. To that end, we obtained data from four directories of neurofeedback providers, extracting practitioner names, geographical locations, professional training, and website URLs. Only websites offering neurofeedback services (N=371) were included in the next step, wherein two coders independently coded the websites based on a codebook developed from preliminary analyses. We found that nearly all websites (97.0%) contained claims about at least one clinical indication, most commonly anxiety, ADHD/ADD, and depression; however, only 36.0% of providers had either a medical degree (MD) or a doctoral-level degree in psychology. The majority of websites advertised neurofeedback for cognitive (90.0%) or performance (67.9%) enhancement, and roughly three-quarters utilized language related to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In sum, there is a considerable divergence between the scientific literature on neurofeedback and the marketing of neurofeedback services to the general public, raising concerns regarding the misrepresentation of services and misleading advertising claims.
{"title":"Neuroenhancement for sale: assessing the website claims of neurofeedback providers in the United States.","authors":"Anna Wexler, Ashwini Nagappan, Deena Kopyto, Rebekah Choi","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00170-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00170-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback is a technique that has been in existence for many decades, it has remained controversial, largely due to questions about efficacy. Yet neurofeedback is being widely offered to the public, often at great expense. To date, however, there has not been empirical data on which providers are utilizing neurofeedback, what they are offering it for, and how they are advertising the technique. The present study aimed to fill that gap by systematically analyzing the websites of neurofeedback practitioners in the United States. To that end, we obtained data from four directories of neurofeedback providers, extracting practitioner names, geographical locations, professional training, and website URLs. Only websites offering neurofeedback services (N=371) were included in the next step, wherein two coders independently coded the websites based on a codebook developed from preliminary analyses. We found that nearly all websites (97.0%) contained claims about at least one clinical indication, most commonly anxiety, ADHD/ADD, and depression; however, only 36.0% of providers had either a medical degree (MD) or a doctoral-level degree in psychology. The majority of websites advertised neurofeedback for cognitive (90.0%) or performance (67.9%) enhancement, and roughly three-quarters utilized language related to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In sum, there is a considerable divergence between the scientific literature on neurofeedback and the marketing of neurofeedback services to the general public, raising concerns regarding the misrepresentation of services and misleading advertising claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00170-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39101912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00199-9
Anna M. Kelley, K. Lyle
{"title":"Repetitive Saccadic Eye Movements Enhance Eyewitness Recall in Specific-Open Questioning","authors":"Anna M. Kelley, K. Lyle","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00199-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00199-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"420 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00199-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42718626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00193-1
Frederikke Piil, J. Axelsen, W. Staiano, Ulrich Kirk
{"title":"Mindfulness Passes the Stress Test: Attenuation of Behavioral Markers of Mind Wandering During Acute Stress","authors":"Frederikke Piil, J. Axelsen, W. Staiano, Ulrich Kirk","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00193-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00193-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"155 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00193-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0
M. Roheger, A. Folkerts, F. Krohm, N. Skoetz, E. Kalbe
{"title":"Prognostic Models for Changes in Memory Performance After Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: a Systematic Review","authors":"M. Roheger, A. Folkerts, F. Krohm, N. Skoetz, E. Kalbe","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"372 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-21DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00191-3
P. T. Ørskov, A. Norup, B. Debrabant, E. Beatty
{"title":"Increasing Working Memory in Young Healthy Adults: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multifaceted Brain Training Intervention","authors":"P. T. Ørskov, A. Norup, B. Debrabant, E. Beatty","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00191-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00191-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"188 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00191-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00190-4
Madeline Haslam, D. Yaden, J. Medaglia
{"title":"Moral Framing and Mechanisms Influence Public Willingness to Optimize Cognition","authors":"Madeline Haslam, D. Yaden, J. Medaglia","doi":"10.1007/s41465-020-00190-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-020-00190-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73678,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"176 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41465-020-00190-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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