Journal of mother and child最新文献

COVID-19 infection started in China in December 2019 and was declared a global pandemic of international concern by the WHO in March 2020. With rapid spread of infection worldwide, health systems and health care programs came to a standstill, leaving essential services such as antenatal care and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comprehensive care for children and pregnant women completely devastated. Furthermore, due to lockdowns, children and pregnant women living with HIV were forced to stay at home with no access to health facilities, loss of follow-up, and discontinuation of antiretroviral drugs therapy. The present review briefs concerning the impact of COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS pandemics on children and pregnant women worldwide.

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the novel corona virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS Cov-2). Physiological changes occurring during pregnancy can have a positive or negative effect on the disease progression. The objective of the study was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 compared to pregnant women without COVID-19 and to determine its influence on the healthcare system.

Material and methods: This was a retrospective analytical study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India, over 3 months, from 1 September 2020 until 30 November 2020. Results were compared in both groups.

Results: Three hundred and three (303) women delivered, out of whom 92 were COVID-19 positive. Incidence of COVID-19 positivity was 30.3% with 93.47% asymptomatic patients. The majority of the patients were 26-35years of age. Average gestational age at delivery for both groups was 37-40 weeks. COVID-19 positivity was seen more in primigravidas than in multigravidas. Comorbidities such as GDM/type 2 DM, PIH, PROM, APH and jaundice were similar in both groups and statistically non-significant, whereas association of anaemia and hypothyroidism were statistically significant (p<0.05) in the positive group. A single maternal death was reported in the positive group. There was an increase in Caesarean section (p=0.002) with higher incidence of preterm births and lowbirth weights in the positive group. Only 3 babies tested positive for COVID-19, so vertical transmission probability was low. Overall, all babies were healthy and the majority of women were discharged without any complications.

Conclusion: There was no significant effect of the infection on maternal and fetal outcomes, but further studies and long-term follow-up is needed to look for any delayed effects on the babies and mothers.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at markedly increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). DS is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 affecting approximately 1 in 732 newborns in the USA. ALL is the most common cancer in children and constitutes approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children under the age of 15. Different protocols for treatment and management of paediatric ALL are available; however, DS children with ALL (DS-ALL) have increased risk of therapy-related toxicity compared to those without DS. Herein, we summarize the available literature on inherited predisposition for ALL, and possibilities for molecular therapy and treatment for DS-ALL patients.

Background: Self-medication is an important health and social issue, especially for women due to critical periods such as pregnancy and lactation. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the use of nonprescribed medications by lactating mothers visiting health centers affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman from October to December 2020. The research population included all lactating women who visited health centers affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences to receive health services. The data in this study were collected using a checklist.

Results: A total of 228 mothers who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A total of 221 mothers (97.0%) received nonprescribed medications (377 drugs in total). Among 377 nonprescribed medications, 279 drugs (74.0%) could be used while breastfeeding. The three most commonly used nonprescribed medications were acetaminophen tablets (84 [22.3%]), gelofen compound (51 [13.5%]), and adult cold medications. The majority of the mothers, 153 (40.6%), chose nonprescribed medications based on pharmacy staff recommendations. The COVID-19 outbreak was the most common reason for using 246 (65.3%) nonprescribed drugs. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mothers' education and the accuracy of their information about the side effects of nonprescribed medications use.

Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication by lactating women during the COVID-19 pandemic was very high. A significant percentage of the mothers did not have correct information about the adverse effect of arbitrary use of nonprescribed drugs on their babies.

Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the specific characteristics of the immunized children during a 15-year period and the readmissions to hospital due to potential infections of the respiratory tract.

Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the period from October 2008 to March 2022. The test group consists of 222 infants who met the strict criteria for immunization.

Results: The study observed 222 infants who were immunized with palivizumab during the 14-year period. 124 (55.9%) infants were preterm (< 32 weeks) and 69 (31.1%) were infants with congenital heart defects, whereas 29 (13.1%) exhibited other individual risk factors. 38 (17.1%) were re-admitted to the pulmonary ward. Upon re-admission, a quick test to diagnose for RSV infections was conducted and only one infant tested positive.

Results: The conclusion of our 14-year study is that palivizumab prophylaxis has truly proven itself effective for infants at risk in our region during the research time period. Over the years, the immunization season has not changed and the number of doses hasremained the same, as have the indications for immunization. What has changed, however, is an increase in the number of immunized infants without a significant increase in the number of re-admissions to hospital on account of respiratory disorders.

Background/aim: This study aims to assess and compare personality disorders and psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) in mothers of children with ADHD and anxiety disorders aged 2-16 years living in Iran.

Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were 168 mothers (100 with children having ADHD and 68 with children having anxiety disorders). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used for assessing personality disorders, depression and anxiety in mothers. Collected data were analysed in SPSS software.

Results: Of 168 mothers, only 100 completed the questionnaires completely (68 having children with ADHD and 32 with anxious children). Of 100 mothers, 61 had personality disorders, where 21 had children with anxiety disorders and 40 had children with ADHD. The most common personality disorder was depressive personality disorder (n = 27) followed by compulsive personality disorder (n = 15). No antisocial, borderline and paranoid personality disorders were observed in mothers. Based on DASS-21, 72 mothers had depression, and 84 had anxiety. Based on the SCL-90-R, 86 had depression, and 81 had anxiety. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups of mothers in terms of personality disorders, depression and anxiety.

Conclusion: Prevalence of depression, anxiety and personality disorders in mothers of children with anxiety disorders and ADHD in Iran is high, and there is no difference between them. It is recommended that psychiatric and psychological counseling be provided for these mothers.

Background: Admission cardiotocography (CTG) used for fetal heart rate monitoring is an easy, cost-effective, non-invasive screening method for fetal well-being.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of admission CTG in predicting fetal hypoxia in term antenatal women during labour ward admission and to correlate the results with perinatal and maternal outcomes.

Material and methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the rural tertiary centre in Northern India over one year on 100 term antenatal women admitted to the labour ward in the first stage of labour. Participants were subjected to admission CTG for 20 minutes, and the pattern of fetal heart rate (reactive, suspicious, ominous) was recorded. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were assessed based on the fetal heart rate pattern on the admission CTG.

Results: Of 100 term antenatal women, 51 were low-risk and 49 were high-risk cases. In the low-risk group, 92.16% had reactive traces, 3.92% suspicious and 3.92% ominous traces on admission CTG, whereas, in the high-risk group, 40.81% had reactive, 32.65% suspicious and 26.54% ominous tracing (p < 0.0001). The most common mode of delivery in both groups with ominous tracing was cesarean section (p = 0.0001). Abnormal CTG was significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including poor one-minute Apgar scores (p < 0.05), need for resuscitation and NICU admission (p < 0.05). The specificity and negative predictive value of admission CTG in low- and high-risk groups were 97.9% and 93.6%, and 85.0% and 85.0%, respectively.

Conclusion: Admission CTG is an effective, inexpensive, non-invasive technique to detect fetal hypoxia in low-and high-risk pregnancies in developing countries with an increased workload.

Background: During the last decades a considerable increase in biological and psychosocial approaches have occurred so as to enhance the study of prenatal period. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Greek version of Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) in assessing pregnancy-related stress.

Material and methods: The study group consisted of 135 first-time expectant women with good knowledge of the Greek language, low-risk pregnancies and a gestational age of ≥24 weeks. Questionnaires containing the POQ scale questions in addition to other questions and scaleswere distributed in printed and digital format at private gynecological clinics. The collected data were analysed using the SPSS software.

Results: The POQ scale score showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8), while the factor analysis showed a major factor with an eigenvalue of 4.17 and an overall interpreted factor variance of 41%. The sample showed moderate intensity values on the scale. We observed that pregnancy-related characteristics affected the scale, while no significant correlations with demographic variables were recorded.

Conclusion: The results of the reliability and factor analyses evaluating the scale structure indicated that the tool performed well in Greek, had a compact structure with satisfying reliability, and is suitable for use in the Greek pregnant population. However, additional research is warranted to investigate the effect of various additional factors on the scale.