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The association between living arrangements and subjective health and well-being among older adults in Thailand: a special focus on skip-generation households. 泰国老年人的生活安排与主观健康和幸福之间的关系:特别关注跳代家庭。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-023
Romnalin Thonglor, Keiko Nakamura, Kaoruko Seino

Objectives: Older adults in skip-generation households (SGHs) play a valuable role in maintaining the cohesion of extended families in the absence of the middle generation. Little is known about the health and well-being of older adults in SGHs or how it varies depending on their age. This study aimed to examine 1) the association between living in SGHs and subjective health and well-being and 2) the association between subjective health and well-being of older adults in SGHs across age groups. Methods: Drawing data from the 2017 national survey of older people, older adults aged ≥60 years without disability in activities of daily living (n=38,088) were included for multiple regression analyses. Living arrangements were classified into SGHs and non-SGHs. Subjective health was evaluated based on self-rated health, whereas subjective well-being was evaluated using a happiness score. Ordinal logistic regression and linear regression models, stratified by age groups (young-old, 60-69; middle-old, 70-79; and old-old, ≥80), compared subjective health and well-being of older adults in SGHs and non-SHGs, while controlling for potential covariates. Results: Among older Thai adults, 10.1% lived in SGHs, and 11.1%, 9.5%, and 6.3% were among the young-old, middle-old, and old-old, respectively. Across age groups, older adults living in SGHs reported better health status but worse well-being than those living in non-SGHs. Older adults from the old-old group living in SGHs seemed to report the best health status, whereas those in the young-old and old-old groups tended to report the worst well-being. The direction of the association between living arrangements and subjective health and well-being did not differ by age group. Conclusion: Better health status but worse well-being were observed in SGHs. Social sectors should pay attention to the well-being of these older adults.

目的:跳代家庭(SGH)中的老年人在中代缺失的情况下,在维持大家庭的凝聚力方面发挥着重要作用。但人们对跳代家庭中老年人的健康和福祉以及他们的健康和福祉因年龄而异的情况知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨:1)居住在SGHs与主观健康和幸福感之间的关系;2)不同年龄组SGHs中老年人的主观健康和幸福感之间的关系。研究方法利用2017年全国老年人调查数据,纳入年龄≥60岁、无日常生活活动障碍的老年人(n=38,088)进行多元回归分析。生活安排分为SGH和非SGH。主观健康状况根据自我健康评分进行评估,而主观幸福感则使用幸福感评分进行评估。按年龄组(年轻,60-69 岁;中年,70-79 岁;老年,≥80 岁)分层的顺序逻辑回归和线性回归模型比较了在SGH 和非 SGH 居住的老年人的主观健康和幸福感,同时控制了潜在的协变量。结果显示在泰国老年人中,10.1% 的人居住在 SGHs,年轻、中年和老年分别占 11.1%、9.5% 和 6.3%。在各个年龄组中,与居住在非 SGHs 的老年人相比,居住在 SGHs 的老年人的健康状况更好,但幸福感更差。居住在SGHs的老年组的老年人似乎报告了最好的健康状况,而居住在SGHs的青年组和老年组的老年人往往报告了最差的幸福感。居住安排与主观健康和幸福感之间的关联方向并不因年龄组而异。结论在新加坡人居住区,健康状况较好,但幸福感较差。社会各界应关注这些老年人的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Regional disparities in cardiac rehabilitation volume throughout Japan based on open data from a National Database of Health Insurance Claims. 基于国家健康保险索赔数据库公开数据的日本心脏康复量的地区差异
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-015
Toshikazu Ito, Issei Kameda, Naoki Fujimoto, Ryo Momosaki

Objective: This study assessed the regional disparities and the associated factors in the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation in Japan. Materials and Methods: Regional disparities were investigated by comparing the number of cardiac rehabilitation units in each of 47 prefectures in Japan based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims Open Data published by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. The relationships between the numbers of inpatient and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation units and the numbers of registered instructors of cardiac rehabilitation, board-certified physiatrists, and board-certified cardiologists were examined. Results: The region with the highest and lowest numbers of inpatient units showed 11,620.5 and 1,650.2 population-adjusted cardiac rehabilitation units adjusted per 100,000 population, respectively, corresponding to a 7.0-fold difference. Meanwhile, 4,865.3 and 238.6 units were present in the regions with the highest and lowest numbers of outpatient units, respectively, corresponding to a 20.4-fold regional disparity. Our analysis showed that the population-adjusted number of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation units was significantly associated with the population-adjusted numbers of registered instructors of cardiac rehabilitation (r=0.647, P<0.001) and board-certified cardiologists (r=0.445, P=0.002) but only marginally associated with the population-adjusted number of board-certified physiatrists (r=0.329, P=0.024). Moreover, the population-adjusted number of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation units was significantly associated with the population-adjusted numbers of registered instructors of cardiac rehabilitation (r=0.406, P=0.005) and board-certified cardiologists (r=0.450, P=0.002) but not with the population-adjusted number of board-certified physiatrists (r=0.078, P=0.603). Conclusion: Large regional disparities were observed during the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation. Increased numbers of cardiac rehabilitation instructors and cardiac rehabilitation practices are expected to eliminate these regional differences in cardiac rehabilitation practices.

目的:本研究评估日本心脏康复实施的地区差异及相关因素。材料和方法:根据厚生劳动省公布的国家健康保险索赔开放数据数据库,通过比较日本47个县的心脏康复单位数量来调查地区差异。研究了住院和门诊心脏康复单位数量与注册心脏康复指导医师、注册注册内科医师和注册注册心脏病专家数量的关系。结果:住院单位数最高和最低的地区,每10万人口调整的人口调整心脏康复单位数分别为11,620.5和1,650.2个,差异为7.0倍。与此同时,门诊数量最多和最少的地区分别有4865.3个和238.6个,相当于20.4倍的地区差距。我们的分析显示,经人口调整的心脏康复住院单位数量与经人口调整的心脏康复注册指导员数量显著相关(r=0.647, PP=0.002),但与经人口调整的委员会认证的物理医师数量仅轻微相关(r=0.329, P=0.024)。经人口调整的门诊心脏康复单位数量与经人口调整的心脏康复注册指导员数量(r=0.406, P=0.005)、注册心脏科医师数量(r=0.450, P=0.002)显著相关,与经人口调整的注册心脏科医师数量无显著相关(r=0.078, P=0.603)。结论:在心脏康复的实施过程中存在较大的地区差异。心脏康复指导员和心脏康复实践人数的增加有望消除心脏康复实践中的这些区域差异。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid surgery of ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy using magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound and modulation by deep brain stimulation controls bilateral essential tremor. 磁共振引导焦点超声联合深部脑刺激调制的腹侧丘脑中间核切除混合手术控制双侧特发性震颤。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-001
Akira Tempaku

Objective: Medication-resistant essential tremor requires surgical treatment. Deep brain stimulation to the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is an established procedure to diminish tremors. Tremor on both sides needs dual deep brain stimulation implantation. Nowadays, magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound is broaden to treat essential tremor. However, the safety of magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound against dual ventral intermediate is still under discussion, since bilateral thalamotomy causes speech disturbance or ataxia. Patient and Methods: A 66-year-old right-handed man had medication-resistant essential tremor at bilateral upper extremities superior to the left arm. A treatment of magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound was performed by using the ExAblate transcranial system against the left ventral intermediate. One year after magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound treatment, the stereotactic implantation of a deep brain stimulation electrode into the right ventral intermediate was done. Results: Clinical rating scale for tremor in the right arm was reduced from 12 to 0 points by magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound against the left ventral intermediate. The clinical rating scale for tremor in the left arm was reduced from 23 to 1 point by deep brain stimulation to the right ventral intermediate. Conclusion: Hybrid surgery of magnetic resonance-guided focus ultrasound and deep brain stimulation refined bilateral essential tremor, without any neurological deficiencies. This combined surgery would be useful to manage medication-resistant bilateral essential tremor patients who are carrying some difficulties to introduce deep brain stimulation on the bilateral side.

目的:耐药性特发性震颤需要手术治疗。对丘脑腹侧中间核进行深部脑刺激是一种公认的治疗震颤的方法。双侧震颤需要双脑深部刺激植入。目前,磁共振引导的病灶超声在特发性震颤的治疗中得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于双侧丘脑切除术会导致语言障碍或共济失调,磁共振引导的聚焦超声对双侧腹侧中间体的安全性仍在讨论中。患者和方法:66岁,右撇子男性,左臂以上双侧上肢难治性特发性震颤。采用ExAblate经颅系统对左腹侧中段进行磁共振引导的病灶超声治疗。磁共振引导聚焦超声治疗一年后,在右侧腹侧中间植入立体定向脑深部刺激电极。结果:采用磁共振引导的聚焦超声对左腹中段,将右臂震颤的临床评分从12分降至0分。脑深部刺激至右腹侧中段,使左臂震颤的临床评分从23分降至1分。结论:磁共振引导下病灶超声与深部脑刺激混合手术治疗双侧特发性震颤,无神经功能缺损。这种联合手术将有助于治疗双侧原发性震颤患者,这些患者在双侧引入深部脑刺激时遇到一些困难。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 vaccination uptake and adverse events following COVID-19 immunization in pregnant women in Northern India: a prospective, comparative, cohort study. 印度北部孕妇COVID-19疫苗接种和COVID-19免疫后不良事件:一项前瞻性、比较、队列研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-025
Aravind P Gandhi, J S Thakur, Madhu Gupta, Soundappan Kathirvel, Kapil Goel, Tarundeep Singh

Objectives: The most commonly used vaccine in India, Covishield, is a recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine for which safety data in pregnant women are not available. The present study was conducted to assess the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and monitor adverse events following COVID-19 immunization among pregnant women in northern India. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women registered with the antenatal clinics in Chandigarh Union Territory (U.T.) in northern India. The study included 247 pregnant women and a comparative group of age-matched, non-pregnant women (247) who received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and were followed up by telephone interviews for adverse events following immunization at three time points until 28 days after vaccination. Multivariate regression (logistic and linear) was used for the adjusted analysis, with adverse events following immunization and the duration of adverse events following immunization as the outcomes. Results: The COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate was 66.8% among the pregnant women. The 28-day incidence rate of adverse events following immunization among the pregnant women was 76.5%. The overall 28-day incidence of adverse events following immunization in pregnant women did not differ significantly from that of non-pregnant women (P=0.153). Conclusion: The Covishield vaccine is safe for pregnant women in India. Further follow-up of the cohort for feto-maternal outcomes needs to be conducted with an adequate sample size to confirm the overall safety profile of the vaccine.

目的:印度最常用的疫苗Covishield是一种重组腺病毒载体疫苗,其在孕妇中的安全性数据尚无。本研究旨在评估印度北部孕妇接种COVID-19疫苗的情况,并监测COVID-19免疫接种后的不良事件。患者和方法:一项前瞻性队列研究在印度北部昌迪加尔联邦领土(U.T.)产前诊所登记的孕妇中进行。该研究包括247名孕妇和一组年龄匹配的非孕妇(247名),她们接种了第一剂COVID-19疫苗,并在接种疫苗后的三个时间点通过电话随访免疫后的不良事件,直到接种疫苗后28天。采用多元回归(logistic和线性)进行调整分析,以免疫接种后不良事件和免疫接种后不良事件持续时间为结果。结果:孕产妇新冠肺炎疫苗接种率为66.8%。孕妇免疫接种后28天不良事件发生率为76.5%。孕妇免疫接种后28天不良事件的总发生率与非孕妇无显著差异(P=0.153)。结论:Covishield疫苗对印度孕妇是安全的。需要对胎儿-母体结局的队列进行进一步随访,样本量足够,以确认疫苗的总体安全性。
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引用次数: 3
Geriatric nutritional risk index as a risk-factor for Clostridioides difficile infection relapse in elderly Japanese patients. 老年人营养风险指数作为日本老年患者艰难梭菌感染复发的危险因素。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-027
Hideki Kumagai, Yoshihiro Shioi, Daichi Tamura, Toshiki Shitomi, Chihiro Tono

Objective: Old age is a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). As the world's aging population increases, identifying risk factors for CDI in elderly patients is a matter of urgency. This study examined the relationship between CDI relapse and nutritional status using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Patients and Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2021, 108 patients were diagnosed with CDI. Of the 108 patients, 19 were excluded because of younger age (<65 years), early death within 14 days of the initial CDI diagnosis, and insufficient data. The patients were divided into low- (<75) and high-GNRI groups (≥75) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Variables associated with CDI relapse were also analyzed. Results: The median GNRI scores in all patients and in the low- and high-GNRI groups were 74.9, 68.9, and 83.9, respectively. Of the 89 patients, 28 (31.8%) experienced a CDI relapse. The log-rank test showed a significantly better relapse-free survival (RFS) in the high GNRI group (P=0.002). Univariate analysis revealed that low GNRI (P=0.004), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P=0.004), and beta-lactamase inhibitor administration before the initial diagnosis of CDI (P=0.025) were significantly correlated with RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that low GNRI (P=0.008) and CKD (P=0.010) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. Conclusion: Among elderly patients, a low GNRI was strongly associated with CDI relapse. Our study may help clinicians to consider therapeutic strategies for elderly patients with CDI.

目的:老年是艰难梭菌感染(CDI)的危险因素。随着世界老龄化人口的增加,识别老年患者CDI的危险因素是一个紧迫的问题。本研究采用老年营养风险指数(GNRI)检测CDI复发与营养状况的关系。患者和方法:2016年1月至2021年12月,108例患者被诊断为CDI。在108例患者中,有19例因年龄较小而被排除(结果:所有患者以及低GNRI组和高GNRI组的中位GNRI评分分别为74.9,68.9和83.9)。89例患者中,28例(31.8%)CDI复发。log-rank检验显示,高GNRI组无复发生存期(RFS)显著提高(P=0.002)。单因素分析显示,低GNRI (P=0.004)、慢性肾脏疾病(CKD) (P=0.004)和CDI初诊前β -内酰胺酶抑制剂的使用(P=0.025)与RFS显著相关。多因素分析显示,低GNRI (P=0.008)和CKD (P=0.010)是RFS的独立预后因素。结论:在老年患者中,低GNRI与CDI复发密切相关。我们的研究可能有助于临床医生考虑老年CDI患者的治疗策略。
{"title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as a risk-factor for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection relapse in elderly Japanese patients.","authors":"Hideki Kumagai,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Shioi,&nbsp;Daichi Tamura,&nbsp;Toshiki Shitomi,&nbsp;Chihiro Tono","doi":"10.2185/jrm.2022-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2022-027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Old age is a risk factor for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI). As the world's aging population increases, identifying risk factors for CDI in elderly patients is a matter of urgency. This study examined the relationship between CDI relapse and nutritional status using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). <b>Patients and Methods:</b> Between January 2016 and December 2021, 108 patients were diagnosed with CDI. Of the 108 patients, 19 were excluded because of younger age (<65 years), early death within 14 days of the initial CDI diagnosis, and insufficient data. The patients were divided into low- (<75) and high-GNRI groups (≥75) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Variables associated with CDI relapse were also analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The median GNRI scores in all patients and in the low- and high-GNRI groups were 74.9, 68.9, and 83.9, respectively. Of the 89 patients, 28 (31.8%) experienced a CDI relapse. The log-rank test showed a significantly better relapse-free survival (RFS) in the high GNRI group (<i>P</i>=0.002). Univariate analysis revealed that low GNRI (<i>P</i>=0.004), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (<i>P</i>=0.004), and beta-lactamase inhibitor administration before the initial diagnosis of CDI (<i>P</i>=0.025) were significantly correlated with RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that low GNRI (<i>P</i>=0.008) and CKD (<i>P</i>=0.010) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. <b>Conclusion:</b> Among elderly patients, a low GNRI was strongly associated with CDI relapse. Our study may help clinicians to consider therapeutic strategies for elderly patients with CDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73939,"journal":{"name":"Journal of rural medicine : JRM","volume":"17 4","pages":"248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/56/jrm-17-248.PMC9613364.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40497304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The mental health of Japanese male registered nurses. 日本男性注册护士的心理健康状况。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-017
Naomi Kayauchi, Takako Nagatsu, Hiroaki Satoh
With great interest, we read the article by Kudo and colleagues in J Rural Med (Oct 2021) on the predictors associated with the mental health of Japanese male registered nurses1). We would like to hear the authors’ comments regarding the following three points. First, we were strongly impressed by the results that the very high percentage of male nurses who were considered to be in ‘poor mental health condition’ was at 40.1%. In the study, the authors treated a GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher [GHQ-12 ≥ 4] as having poor mental health. The GHQ-12 has been used in surveys of patients who visited the internal medicine department2) and in those of young males3). In addition, there have been some reports of the mental health evaluation in nurses using the cutoff value of GHQ-12 ≥ 44, 5). In a study by Ikeda et al., the GHQ-12 ≥ 4 in newly graduated nurses was 25%4). Bazazan et al. reported that the percentage of psychological distress [GHQ-12 ≥ 4] was 29.1%5). We would like to hear from the authors on the appropriateness of this cutoff value in studies of mental stress in nurses. Second, the authors concluded that female registered nurses must recognize that their attitudes toward male registered nurses influence the mental health of male registered nurses. Please let us know how to communicate these results from female registered nurses and how to share the information obtained in this study. Specifically, we would like to know the authors’ concepts regarding who are responsible for the organizational activities and how they work.
{"title":"The mental health of Japanese male registered nurses.","authors":"Naomi Kayauchi,&nbsp;Takako Nagatsu,&nbsp;Hiroaki Satoh","doi":"10.2185/jrm.2022-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2022-017","url":null,"abstract":"With great interest, we read the article by Kudo and colleagues in J Rural Med (Oct 2021) on the predictors associated with the mental health of Japanese male registered nurses1). We would like to hear the authors’ comments regarding the following three points. First, we were strongly impressed by the results that the very high percentage of male nurses who were considered to be in ‘poor mental health condition’ was at 40.1%. In the study, the authors treated a GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher [GHQ-12 ≥ 4] as having poor mental health. The GHQ-12 has been used in surveys of patients who visited the internal medicine department2) and in those of young males3). In addition, there have been some reports of the mental health evaluation in nurses using the cutoff value of GHQ-12 ≥ 44, 5). In a study by Ikeda et al., the GHQ-12 ≥ 4 in newly graduated nurses was 25%4). Bazazan et al. reported that the percentage of psychological distress [GHQ-12 ≥ 4] was 29.1%5). We would like to hear from the authors on the appropriateness of this cutoff value in studies of mental stress in nurses. Second, the authors concluded that female registered nurses must recognize that their attitudes toward male registered nurses influence the mental health of male registered nurses. Please let us know how to communicate these results from female registered nurses and how to share the information obtained in this study. Specifically, we would like to know the authors’ concepts regarding who are responsible for the organizational activities and how they work.","PeriodicalId":73939,"journal":{"name":"Journal of rural medicine : JRM","volume":"17 4","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/77/jrm-17-276.PMC9613361.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Text mining analysis of newspaper editorials concerning the COVID-19 pandemic from a healthcare perspective. 基于卫生视角的新冠肺炎疫情相关报刊社论文本挖掘分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2021-063
Wakae Maeda, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Tsukasa Muraya, Hisayuki Miura

Objective: This pilot study aimed to examine the content of Japanese newspaper editorials concerning the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its change over time using text mining analysis. Materials and Methods: The authors analyzed qualitative data from the editorials of five national and 12 regional newspapers on April 7 and 8, 2020 (first state of emergency) and January 8, 2021 (second state of emergency). All analyses were conducted using KH Coder version 3. Results: The co-occurrence network showed a low level of content diversity and a high degree of politicization in the COVID-19 news coverage. The top five high frequency words from the newspapers were "infection", "declaration", "healthcare", "government", and "emergency" at the first state of emergency, and were "declaration", "measures", "government", and "restaurant" at the second one. Conclusion: The results suggest a lack of detailed information and recommendations concerning the public health challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japanese newspaper editorials, even one year after the first wave of the pandemic. This study provides a data-driven foundation for the effectiveness of newspapers in COVID-19 public health communications. The extent to which the quantity and quality of information from newly emerging communication channels, such as social media, influences public understanding of public health measures remains to be established.

目的:本试点研究旨在利用文本挖掘分析,研究日本报纸关于2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行的社论内容及其随时间的变化。材料与方法:作者分析了2020年4月7日和8日(第一次紧急状态)和2021年1月8日(第二次紧急状态)5家全国性报纸和12家地方性报纸社论的定性数据。所有分析均使用KH Coder版本3进行。结果:共现网络在新冠肺炎新闻报道中呈现出内容多样性水平低、政治化程度高的特点。报纸中出现频率最高的前5个词是“感染”、“声明”、“医疗保健”、“政府”和“紧急情况”,其次是“声明”、“措施”、“政府”和“餐馆”。结论:研究结果表明,即使在第一波疫情发生一年后,日本报纸的社论中也缺乏有关COVID-19大流行带来的公共卫生挑战的详细信息和建议。本研究为报纸在COVID-19公共卫生传播中的有效性提供了数据驱动的基础。来自新出现的传播渠道(如社交媒体)的信息的数量和质量在多大程度上影响公众对公共卫生措施的理解,仍有待确定。
{"title":"Text mining analysis of newspaper editorials concerning the COVID-19 pandemic from a healthcare perspective.","authors":"Wakae Maeda,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Hirakawa,&nbsp;Tsukasa Muraya,&nbsp;Hisayuki Miura","doi":"10.2185/jrm.2021-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2021-063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This pilot study aimed to examine the content of Japanese newspaper editorials concerning the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its change over time using text mining analysis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The authors analyzed qualitative data from the editorials of five national and 12 regional newspapers on April 7 and 8, 2020 (first state of emergency) and January 8, 2021 (second state of emergency). All analyses were conducted using KH Coder version 3. <b>Results:</b> The co-occurrence network showed a low level of content diversity and a high degree of politicization in the COVID-19 news coverage. The top five high frequency words from the newspapers were \"infection\", \"declaration\", \"healthcare\", \"government\", and \"emergency\" at the first state of emergency, and were \"declaration\", \"measures\", \"government\", and \"restaurant\" at the second one. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results suggest a lack of detailed information and recommendations concerning the public health challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japanese newspaper editorials, even one year after the first wave of the pandemic. This study provides a data-driven foundation for the effectiveness of newspapers in COVID-19 public health communications. The extent to which the quantity and quality of information from newly emerging communication channels, such as social media, influences public understanding of public health measures remains to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":73939,"journal":{"name":"Journal of rural medicine : JRM","volume":"17 4","pages":"279-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/48/jrm-17-279.PMC9613367.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conditions and characteristics of older adults and primary caregivers who use short-stay services: a comparison between long-term and short-term service groups by service type. 使用短期服务的老年人和主要照顾者的状况和特征:按服务类型比较长期和短期服务组。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-013
Chiyo Hagiwara, Hisanaga Sasaki

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the conditions and characteristics of older adults who use short-stay services as well as those of their primary caregivers by categorizing them into long-term use and short-term use groups. Patients and Methods: We conducted logistic regression analyses on the data of 679 short-term residential care (short-stay) users using the χ2 test, with the type of use as the dependent variable. Results: The results of the comparison show that users in long-term care were likely to be men, ≥95 years old, live alone, and require care for severe dementia (level three or more). Primary caregivers lived farther away from the user's neighborhood, felt burdened by and lacked knowledge about providing care, and preferred that the patient continue to receive care in a facility or be hospitalized. Conclusion: It was suggested that care support specialists in charge of elderly persons requiring severe nursing care who live alone may be adjusting to the long-term use of short stays, which is not usually expected, because they are influenced by the nursing care burden of the primary caregiver who lives far away, the level of knowledge and skills of nursing care, and the primary caregiver's willingness to continue caring, and because they cannot immediately enter a facility when they are no longer able to live alone.

目的:本研究通过将老年人分为长期使用和短期使用两组,研究老年人短期住宿服务及其主要照顾者的状况和特征。患者与方法:以使用类型为因变量,采用χ2检验对679例短期住宿护理(short-stay)患者资料进行logistic回归分析。结果:比较结果显示,长期护理的使用者多为男性,年龄≥95岁,独居,重度痴呆(三级及以上)需要护理。初级护理人员住得离使用者的社区较远,对提供护理感到负担和缺乏知识,并且更倾向于患者继续在设施中接受护理或住院治疗。结论:研究表明,负责需要严重护理的独居老年人的护理支持专家可能正在适应长期使用短期住宿,这通常是意料之外的,因为他们受到居住较远的主要照顾者的护理负担、护理知识和技能水平以及主要照顾者继续照顾的意愿的影响。因为当他们不能再独自生活时,他们不能立即进入养老院。
{"title":"Conditions and characteristics of older adults and primary caregivers who use short-stay services: a comparison between long-term and short-term service groups by service type.","authors":"Chiyo Hagiwara,&nbsp;Hisanaga Sasaki","doi":"10.2185/jrm.2022-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2022-013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study was conducted to examine the conditions and characteristics of older adults who use short-stay services as well as those of their primary caregivers by categorizing them into long-term use and short-term use groups. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> We conducted logistic regression analyses on the data of 679 short-term residential care (short-stay) users using the χ<sup>2</sup> test, with the type of use as the dependent variable. <b>Results:</b> The results of the comparison show that users in long-term care were likely to be men, ≥95 years old, live alone, and require care for severe dementia (level three or more). Primary caregivers lived farther away from the user's neighborhood, felt burdened by and lacked knowledge about providing care, and preferred that the patient continue to receive care in a facility or be hospitalized. <b>Conclusion</b>: It was suggested that care support specialists in charge of elderly persons requiring severe nursing care who live alone may be adjusting to the long-term use of short stays, which is not usually expected, because they are influenced by the nursing care burden of the primary caregiver who lives far away, the level of knowledge and skills of nursing care, and the primary caregiver's willingness to continue caring, and because they cannot immediately enter a facility when they are no longer able to live alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":73939,"journal":{"name":"Journal of rural medicine : JRM","volume":"17 4","pages":"196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/b2/jrm-17-196.PMC9613366.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Successful endoscopic retrieval of a proximally migrated pancreatic stent in a patient with pancreaticojejunal anastomotic stenosis. 胰空肠吻合口狭窄患者成功的内镜下近端移位胰腺支架取出。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-012
Sho Kitagawa

Objective: We report a case of successful endoscopic retrieval of a proximal (upstream) migrated pancreatic stent through a pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Patient: A 71-year-old man with a history of pancreatoduodenectomy with modified Child's reconstruction and concomitant internal pancreatic ductal stenting for cholangiocarcinoma 41 months before presentation, was referred to our department for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Endoscopic stent retrieval was performed using a short-type single-balloon enteroscope with a transparent hood. A pancreaticojejunal anastomosis was identified as a pinhole-like opening buried within the intestinal folds and dilated using a balloon catheter. Finally, the migrated pancreatic stent was successfully retrieved using a wire-guided basket catheter, without complications. Conclusion: Endoscopic retrieval of a proximally migrated pancreatic stent after pancreatoduodenectomy should be attempted, even in cases of stenotic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis, to avoid highly invasive procedures, including surgery.

目的:我们报告一例成功的内镜下通过胰空肠吻合术取出近端(上游)迁移的胰腺支架。患者:71岁男性,就诊前41个月因胆管癌行胰十二指肠切除术合并改良Child重建术合并胰内导管支架置入术,转至我科治疗急性胰腺炎。内镜下支架取出使用带透明罩的短型单球囊肠镜。胰空肠吻合被确定为埋在肠褶皱内的针孔状开口,并使用球囊导管扩张。最后,使用金属丝引导的篮式导管成功取出移位的胰腺支架,无并发症。结论:胰十二指肠切除术后,即使在胰空肠吻合术狭窄的情况下,也应尝试内镜下取出近端移位的胰腺支架,以避免高侵入性手术,包括手术。
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引用次数: 0
Iatrogenic distal femur fracture following medial femoral supracondylar bone graft harvest: a case report and finite element analysis. 股骨内侧髁上骨移植术后的医源性股骨远端骨折:一例报告和有限元分析。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2022-032
Sotetsu Sakamoto, Yasunori Hattori, Kazuteru Doi, Hiroki Yamagata, Norihiro Nishida, Takashi Sakai

Objective: This report presents a case of supracondylar femur fracture with finite element analysis and discusses its causes and prevention. Patient and Methods: A 53-year-old man presented with right talar osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis for a talus fracture. A medial femoral condyle-free vascularized bone graft (size, 20 × 12 × 17 mm) from the contralateral femur was performed, including the posteromedial cortical corner. The patient suffered a donor-site supracondylar femoral fracture while standing up from a cross-legged sitting position on the bed on postoperative day 6. The fracture was treated with intramedullary nailing. We analyzed the effects of the location of the bone graft harvest in an intact model using the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Results: The talar necrosis and the femur fracture healed. The FEM result revealed that the longitudinal axial pressure had minimal effect on the femur; however, the stress around the bone defect increased with rotation, especially in the posteromedial bone defect model. Conclusion: Harvesting the bone graft should not include the posteromedial corner of the supracondylar femur. The patient should strictly limit the motion of torsional stress, such as standing from a cross-legged sitting position or pivoting turn.

目的:对1例股骨髁上骨折进行有限元分析,探讨其原因及预防措施。患者和方法:一名53岁男性,在距骨骨折植骨后出现右距骨坏死。对侧股骨行股骨内侧无髁带血管骨移植物(大小为20 × 12 × 17 mm),包括内侧后皮质角。术后第6天,患者在床上盘腿坐姿站立时发生供体部位股骨髁上骨折。骨折采用髓内钉治疗。我们使用三维有限元法(FEM)分析了在完整模型中移植骨收获位置的影响。结果:距骨坏死和股骨骨折愈合。有限元分析结果表明,纵向轴向压力对股骨的影响最小;然而,骨缺损周围的应力随着旋转而增加,特别是在后内侧骨缺损模型中。结论:取骨不应包括股骨髁上后内侧角。患者应严格限制扭转应力的运动,如盘腿坐姿站立或旋转转身。
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Journal of rural medicine : JRM
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