Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20429/jgpha.2022.080307
Kelley Ditzel, C. Watts
{"title":"Can Mini Grant Programs Address Community Health Improvement Plans in Rural Areas? A Local Evaluation","authors":"Kelley Ditzel, C. Watts","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2022.080307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2022.080307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.20429/jgpha.2022.080315
Jordan D Helms, A. Tran, N. Carnes, E. Nehl
{"title":"Barriers to HIV Related Services among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Rural Georgia","authors":"Jordan D Helms, A. Tran, N. Carnes, E. Nehl","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2022.080315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2022.080315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47661968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080302
E. Barton, S. Narasimhan, Dabney P. Evans
Background: In March 2019 the Georgia legislature passed HB 481 described as a “heartbeat bill”, prohibiting abortion at around six weeks gestation. Given the prevalence of anti-abortion legislation and the public health implications of abortion restrictions, we sought to understand how Georgia legislators made decisions on this early abortion ban legislation. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with nine legislators from the Georgia House of Representatives who participated in the 2019 legislative session. In-depth interviews were conducted in-person and over the phone. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and inductive codes identified. Codes focused primarily on views of: abortion in general; specific abortion policy; and how information about HB 481 was obtained. A thematic analysis was performed to elucidate legislators’ perspectives. Results: Legislators had clear considerations that differed by party affiliation. Democrats described concerns with HB 481 grounded in reproductive autonomy and justice. They claimed concern with the lives of pregnant persons citing the physical and emotional harm bills like HB 481 cause. They questioned the medical evidence used to support HB 481 and argued that it violated the freedom to choose when to have children. Republican legislators evoked a similar harm reduction framework, but were concerned with protecting the lives of the unborn, arguing that a fetus should be considered a person once a “heartbeat” is detected and that abortion after this point is equal to killing a person. Republicans also described aligning with their constituents’ values. Despite the arguments and evidence presented during the legislative session, legislators voted according to their previously held beliefs on abortion. Conclusions: improve policy outcomes related to reproductive health and rights.
{"title":"“It didn’t matter what the bill said...”: Influences on abortion policy legislative decision-making in Georgia","authors":"E. Barton, S. Narasimhan, Dabney P. Evans","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In March 2019 the Georgia legislature passed HB 481 described as a “heartbeat bill”, prohibiting abortion at around six weeks gestation. Given the prevalence of anti-abortion legislation and the public health implications of abortion restrictions, we sought to understand how Georgia legislators made decisions on this early abortion ban legislation. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with nine legislators from the Georgia House of Representatives who participated in the 2019 legislative session. In-depth interviews were conducted in-person and over the phone. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and inductive codes identified. Codes focused primarily on views of: abortion in general; specific abortion policy; and how information about HB 481 was obtained. A thematic analysis was performed to elucidate legislators’ perspectives. Results: Legislators had clear considerations that differed by party affiliation. Democrats described concerns with HB 481 grounded in reproductive autonomy and justice. They claimed concern with the lives of pregnant persons citing the physical and emotional harm bills like HB 481 cause. They questioned the medical evidence used to support HB 481 and argued that it violated the freedom to choose when to have children. Republican legislators evoked a similar harm reduction framework, but were concerned with protecting the lives of the unborn, arguing that a fetus should be considered a person once a “heartbeat” is detected and that abortion after this point is equal to killing a person. Republicans also described aligning with their constituents’ values. Despite the arguments and evidence presented during the legislative session, legislators voted according to their previously held beliefs on abortion. Conclusions: improve policy outcomes related to reproductive health and rights.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48019678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080203
Bettye A Apenteng, L. Kimsey, Charles F. Owens, Samuel T. Opoku, Angela H. Peden, William Mase
.
{"title":"Strategic Implications of COVID-19: Considerations for Georgia’s Rural Health Providers","authors":"Bettye A Apenteng, L. Kimsey, Charles F. Owens, Samuel T. Opoku, Angela H. Peden, William Mase","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080203","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/jgpha.2021.080304
Priya Nair
Background: Zika virus infection can cause severe health complications in pregnant women such as microcephaly and other congenital anomalies in the developing fetus but it can be prevented. It is imperative to develop an understanding of concern about Zika virus among pregnant women as this can influence their Zika virus preventative behaviors. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of Zika virus concern among women in Georgia with live births in 2017 and to examine the frequency of condom use among those who were sexually active during their most recent pregnancy. Methods: This cross- sectional study used secondary data collected by Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed on variables of interest. Chi squared tests examined associations between level of concern about Zika virus and socio-demographic variables. Results: A total of 955 women (age range 18-45) completed the survey. Less than half of the women (n =418, 47.4%) reported they were concerned about Zika virus. Consistent use of condoms was not associated with the level of concern of Zika virus. Among the women, those of Hispanic race/ethnicity were more likely to consistently use condoms during their most recent pregnancy (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 11.37; 95% CI: 3.95-32.81) when compared to Non-Hispanic white women, and this association was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Consistent use of condoms by sexually active women in Georgia during pregnancy appears to vary by race/ethnicity for these women. Findings of this study point to opportunities for engagement on Zika virus awareness and help with refining risk messaging for prevention of Zika virus (or other diseases of global concern) to pregnant women.
{"title":"Zika virus Concern and Preventative Behaviors During Pregnancy: Analysis of 2017 Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data","authors":"Priya Nair","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2021.080304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2021.080304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Zika virus infection can cause severe health complications in pregnant women such as microcephaly and other congenital anomalies in the developing fetus but it can be prevented. It is imperative to develop an understanding of concern about Zika virus among pregnant women as this can influence their Zika virus preventative behaviors. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of Zika virus concern among women in Georgia with live births in 2017 and to examine the frequency of condom use among those who were sexually active during their most recent pregnancy. Methods: This cross- sectional study used secondary data collected by Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed on variables of interest. Chi squared tests examined associations between level of concern about Zika virus and socio-demographic variables. Results: A total of 955 women (age range 18-45) completed the survey. Less than half of the women (n =418, 47.4%) reported they were concerned about Zika virus. Consistent use of condoms was not associated with the level of concern of Zika virus. Among the women, those of Hispanic race/ethnicity were more likely to consistently use condoms during their most recent pregnancy (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 11.37; 95% CI: 3.95-32.81) when compared to Non-Hispanic white women, and this association was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Consistent use of condoms by sexually active women in Georgia during pregnancy appears to vary by race/ethnicity for these women. Findings of this study point to opportunities for engagement on Zika virus awareness and help with refining risk messaging for prevention of Zika virus (or other diseases of global concern) to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67545037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080201
M. Morgan, L. Atri, J. Waller, Douglas Miller, A. Berman
Background: COVID-19 related illnesses have been associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease sequelae and worsened socioeconomic variables. We sought to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes, underlying cardiovascular disease, and socioeconomic determinants of health in rural and non-rural counties in the state of Georgia. Methods: COVID-19, demographic, and socioeconomic data were acquired from publicly available databases including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index. The relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and markers of cardiovascular disease burden, rurality, and socioeconomic determinants of health was assessed at the county level in Georgia through the beginning of August 2020 using univariable and multivariable Poisson regression modeling. Results: In adjusted models, the risk of COVID-19 incidence was significantly higher in residents of non-rural Georgia counties while we observed no significant difference in COVID-19 case-fatality rates between residents of rural and non-rural Georgia counties. A significant adverse association between risk of COVID-19 cumulative case-fatality rates and recent mortality rates of stroke was detected, while counties with historically higher coronary heart disease death rates demonstrated significantly lower risk ratio of COVID-19 cumulative case-fatality rates. Additionally, Georgia counties with worsened indices of social and economic vulnerability demonstrated significantly higher risk ratio of COVID-19 incidence and case-fatality rates. Conclusions: In Georgia, COVID-19 incidence is adversely associated with non-rural county status, while both incidence and case-fatality rates are associated with historical indices of cardiovascular disease outcomes and higher social vulnerability. Efforts to mitigate COVID-19 spread and improve COVID-19 outcomes in Georgia may require additional focus on these most vulnerable areas.
{"title":"The Impact of Rurality, Underlying Cardiovascular Disease, and Socioeconomic Vulnerability on COVID-19 Outcomes in Georgia","authors":"M. Morgan, L. Atri, J. Waller, Douglas Miller, A. Berman","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 related illnesses have been associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease sequelae and worsened socioeconomic variables. We sought to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes, underlying cardiovascular disease, and socioeconomic determinants of health in rural and non-rural counties in the state of Georgia. Methods: COVID-19, demographic, and socioeconomic data were acquired from publicly available databases including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index. The relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and markers of cardiovascular disease burden, rurality, and socioeconomic determinants of health was assessed at the county level in Georgia through the beginning of August 2020 using univariable and multivariable Poisson regression modeling. Results: In adjusted models, the risk of COVID-19 incidence was significantly higher in residents of non-rural Georgia counties while we observed no significant difference in COVID-19 case-fatality rates between residents of rural and non-rural Georgia counties. A significant adverse association between risk of COVID-19 cumulative case-fatality rates and recent mortality rates of stroke was detected, while counties with historically higher coronary heart disease death rates demonstrated significantly lower risk ratio of COVID-19 cumulative case-fatality rates. Additionally, Georgia counties with worsened indices of social and economic vulnerability demonstrated significantly higher risk ratio of COVID-19 incidence and case-fatality rates. Conclusions: In Georgia, COVID-19 incidence is adversely associated with non-rural county status, while both incidence and case-fatality rates are associated with historical indices of cardiovascular disease outcomes and higher social vulnerability. Efforts to mitigate COVID-19 spread and improve COVID-19 outcomes in Georgia may require additional focus on these most vulnerable areas.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/jgpha.2021.080202
Keagan Kiely, William Mase, B. Melton, Haresh Rochani
Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has far reaching effects for college students' health and physical activity behaviors. This analysis focuses on university student fitness center usage pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers hypothesized a reduction in fitness center utilization when comparing Fall 2019 to Fall 2020 utilization rates. Methods: Patterns of the recreation center and fitness center utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic are compared to pre-pandemic patterns of a matched time period in the previous academic year in an observational study. Overall utilization was evaluated using secondary data from the university’s recreation center data system. Six weeks of utilization data were pulled for investigation across the two years of interest. Time periods evaluated included Fall semester 2019 (August 19, 2019 September 29, 2019) and Fall semester 2020 (August 17, 2020 September 27, 2020). Poisson regression analysis was used where statistical significance levels were set to 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in recreation center participation from 2019 to 2020 (Mean±SD: 1683.1 ± 888.6 to 726.4 ±339.9). Furthermore, student participation decreased in all areas of the fitness center usage from 2019 to 2020 (cardio deck, machine weights, and free weights Mean±SD: 12.5±8.9 to 5.4±4.2, 17.6±9.5 to 8.9±5.4, 27.7±13.1 to 17.9±8.4). While the overall participation decreased, the proportion of utilization increased in the free weights area (B = 0.2446; 95% CI 0.1604 – 0.3289; p<0.001) during the year 2020 when compared to 2019. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to evaluate the effect the COVID-19 pandemic has on participation in a university recreation center. This study will help generate questions and guide future research analyzing trends of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
背景:新冠肺炎疫情对大学生健康和体育活动行为影响深远。本分析侧重于COVID-19大流行之前和期间大学生健身中心的使用情况。研究人员在比较2019年秋季和2020年秋季的使用率时，假设健身中心的使用率有所下降。方法:通过一项观察性研究，将2019冠状病毒病大流行期间娱乐中心和健身中心的使用模式与上一学年匹配时间段的大流行前模式进行比较。利用大学娱乐中心数据系统的辅助数据对总体利用率进行评估。在两年的研究中提取了六周的使用数据进行调查。评估的时间段包括2019年秋季学期(2019年8月19日，2019年9月29日)和2020年秋季学期(2020年8月17日，2020年9月27日)。采用泊松回归分析，显著性水平为0.05。结果:从2019年到2020年，娱乐中心的参与率有统计学意义的降低(Mean±SD: 1683.1±888.6至726.4±339.9)。此外，从2019年到2020年，学生在健身中心使用的所有领域的参与度都有所下降(有氧运动甲板，器械重量和自由重量平均±标准差:12.5±8.9至5.4±4.2,17.6±9.5至8.9±5.4,27.7±13.1至17.9±8.4)。在整体参与度下降的同时，自由重量区利用比例增加(B = 0.2446;95% ci 0.1604 - 0.3289;P <0.001)，与2019年相比。结论:本研究是首次评估COVID-19大流行对参与大学娱乐中心的影响的研究之一。这项研究将有助于提出问题，并指导未来的研究，分析COVID-19大流行期间的身体活动趋势。
{"title":"Campus Recreation and Fitness Center Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Keagan Kiely, William Mase, B. Melton, Haresh Rochani","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2021.080202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2021.080202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has far reaching effects for college students' health and physical activity behaviors. This analysis focuses on university student fitness center usage pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers hypothesized a reduction in fitness center utilization when comparing Fall 2019 to Fall 2020 utilization rates. Methods: Patterns of the recreation center and fitness center utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic are compared to pre-pandemic patterns of a matched time period in the previous academic year in an observational study. Overall utilization was evaluated using secondary data from the university’s recreation center data system. Six weeks of utilization data were pulled for investigation across the two years of interest. Time periods evaluated included Fall semester 2019 (August 19, 2019 September 29, 2019) and Fall semester 2020 (August 17, 2020 September 27, 2020). Poisson regression analysis was used where statistical significance levels were set to 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in recreation center participation from 2019 to 2020 (Mean±SD: 1683.1 ± 888.6 to 726.4 ±339.9). Furthermore, student participation decreased in all areas of the fitness center usage from 2019 to 2020 (cardio deck, machine weights, and free weights Mean±SD: 12.5±8.9 to 5.4±4.2, 17.6±9.5 to 8.9±5.4, 27.7±13.1 to 17.9±8.4). While the overall participation decreased, the proportion of utilization increased in the free weights area (B = 0.2446; 95% CI 0.1604 – 0.3289; p<0.001) during the year 2020 when compared to 2019. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to evaluate the effect the COVID-19 pandemic has on participation in a university recreation center. This study will help generate questions and guide future research analyzing trends of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080301
Thomas E. Griner, S. Strasser, Stacie P. Kershner, A. Owen‐Smith, Matthew J. Hayat
, ABSTRACTBackground: In Georgia, recent measures have expanded public access to naloxone-containing products like Narcan® to combat opioid-related overdose deaths. Although laypersons may legally purchase naloxone products without a prescription for use during opioid-related overdose events, barriers may remain. Methods: We conducted an anonymous telephone survey to investigate three potential barriers to purchasing naloxone (Narcan®) in Georgia: availability, price, and working knowledge of legal requirements among pharmacy representatives. We surveyed pharmacy representatives in select Georgia counties with high volumes or high rates of poisoning deaths compared with other counties. We also compared responses among chain and non-chain representatives. Descriptive statistics are presented concerning the availability, price, and required documentation to purchase Narcan®. Results: Representatives from all 120 pharmacies contacted completed the survey, comprising 6.8% of eligible pharmacies. Availability of Narcan® varied among counties categorized by poisoning deaths: High Rate Counties (50%; n=40), High Volume Counties (66%; n=38), and Comparison Counties (64%, n=42). Narcan® was more available in chain pharmacies (76.7%; n=73) than in non-chain pharmacies (34.0%; n=47). Mean prices for Narcan® were similar among county type: High Volume ($131.46); High Rate ($134.19); and Comparison ($124.50). However, the mean price was much lower in chain versus non-chain pharmacies ($120.91 vs. $149.72). Representatives in chain pharmacies were more likely to state that a prescription was not required to purchase Narcan® (58.9 % vs. 30.0%). Conclusions: In Georgia, barriers related to availability, price, and dispensing requirements for Narcan® persist, decreasing the likelihood of purchase by those who may need a safe, easily administered form of naloxone. Narcan® was generally more available and cost less in chain pharmacies. Representatives in non-chain pharmacies were more likely to require a non-legally necessary prescription to sell Narcan®. Training/intervention opportunities targeting pharmacy staff may help increase layperson access to naloxone products and could ultimately prevent opioid-related overdose deaths.
{"title":"Barriers to Purchasing Narcan® in Georgia: A Survey of Pharmacy Staff","authors":"Thomas E. Griner, S. Strasser, Stacie P. Kershner, A. Owen‐Smith, Matthew J. Hayat","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080301","url":null,"abstract":", ABSTRACTBackground: In Georgia, recent measures have expanded public access to naloxone-containing products like Narcan® to combat opioid-related overdose deaths. Although laypersons may legally purchase naloxone products without a prescription for use during opioid-related overdose events, barriers may remain. Methods: We conducted an anonymous telephone survey to investigate three potential barriers to purchasing naloxone (Narcan®) in Georgia: availability, price, and working knowledge of legal requirements among pharmacy representatives. We surveyed pharmacy representatives in select Georgia counties with high volumes or high rates of poisoning deaths compared with other counties. We also compared responses among chain and non-chain representatives. Descriptive statistics are presented concerning the availability, price, and required documentation to purchase Narcan®. Results: Representatives from all 120 pharmacies contacted completed the survey, comprising 6.8% of eligible pharmacies. Availability of Narcan® varied among counties categorized by poisoning deaths: High Rate Counties (50%; n=40), High Volume Counties (66%; n=38), and Comparison Counties (64%, n=42). Narcan® was more available in chain pharmacies (76.7%; n=73) than in non-chain pharmacies (34.0%; n=47). Mean prices for Narcan® were similar among county type: High Volume ($131.46); High Rate ($134.19); and Comparison ($124.50). However, the mean price was much lower in chain versus non-chain pharmacies ($120.91 vs. $149.72). Representatives in chain pharmacies were more likely to state that a prescription was not required to purchase Narcan® (58.9 % vs. 30.0%). Conclusions: In Georgia, barriers related to availability, price, and dispensing requirements for Narcan® persist, decreasing the likelihood of purchase by those who may need a safe, easily administered form of naloxone. Narcan® was generally more available and cost less in chain pharmacies. Representatives in non-chain pharmacies were more likely to require a non-legally necessary prescription to sell Narcan®. Training/intervention opportunities targeting pharmacy staff may help increase layperson access to naloxone products and could ultimately prevent opioid-related overdose deaths.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080303
J. Greer, Kiran Thapa, Jesse A. McNulty, Janani Thapa
Background: High levels of sedentary activity and low levels of physical activity have led to an increase in childhood obesity. A reduction of sedentary behavior and the promotion of an active lifestyle positively impacts weight status of children. A child may modify their behavior through direct interventions from their parents, such as enforcement of rules or guided activities, or through broad interventions, by expressing their values and modeling behavior. Current research does not establish if broad or specific parental involvement has a greater effect on healthy behavior. Our group sought to support existing evidence that parental involvement directly impacts behavior that reduces the likelihood of childhood obesity and determines if broad or specific parental involvement had a greater impact on healthy behavior. Methods: The study population included all children grades 6-12 who completed the Georgia Student Health Survey 2.0. Survey questions from 674,354 students in Georgia were used for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to derive a composite measure. Two factors were generated, broad parental involvement and specific parental involvement. Mixed-effects logistic regression was run using physical activity as the dependent variable and the two composite measures of parental involvement as predictors. The same mixed-effects logistic regression was performed using screen time as the dependent variable. Results: Both measures of parental involvement showed a statistically significant positive relationship with physical activity. Both measures of parental involvement were significantly associated with screen time. Conclusions: Results suggest that specific parental involvement is associated with an increase in weekly physical activity and a decrease in daily screen time. Increasing physical activity and reducing screen time have demonstrated clear reductions in the rate of obesity amongst children. To improve healthy behavior and reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity, parents should be directly involved in their child’s school behavior.
{"title":"Parental School Involvement on Physical Activity and Screen Time Among Middle and High School Students","authors":"J. Greer, Kiran Thapa, Jesse A. McNulty, Janani Thapa","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2021.080303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High levels of sedentary activity and low levels of physical activity have led to an increase in childhood obesity. A reduction of sedentary behavior and the promotion of an active lifestyle positively impacts weight status of children. A child may modify their behavior through direct interventions from their parents, such as enforcement of rules or guided activities, or through broad interventions, by expressing their values and modeling behavior. Current research does not establish if broad or specific parental involvement has a greater effect on healthy behavior. Our group sought to support existing evidence that parental involvement directly impacts behavior that reduces the likelihood of childhood obesity and determines if broad or specific parental involvement had a greater impact on healthy behavior. Methods: The study population included all children grades 6-12 who completed the Georgia Student Health Survey 2.0. Survey questions from 674,354 students in Georgia were used for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to derive a composite measure. Two factors were generated, broad parental involvement and specific parental involvement. Mixed-effects logistic regression was run using physical activity as the dependent variable and the two composite measures of parental involvement as predictors. The same mixed-effects logistic regression was performed using screen time as the dependent variable. Results: Both measures of parental involvement showed a statistically significant positive relationship with physical activity. Both measures of parental involvement were significantly associated with screen time. Conclusions: Results suggest that specific parental involvement is associated with an increase in weekly physical activity and a decrease in daily screen time. Increasing physical activity and reducing screen time have demonstrated clear reductions in the rate of obesity amongst children. To improve healthy behavior and reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity, parents should be directly involved in their child’s school behavior.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42217380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20429/jgpha.2022.080205
D. Linder, William Sewell, Jack D Owens, J. Franklin, C. Newton, Priyank Shah
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