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Turning Cancer into Medicine: Storying Healing through Imagery 将癌症转化为药物:通过意象讲述治疗的故事
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.7035
C. Fournier
This Photo Essay explores my experience with cancer and healing using Indigenous traditional medicines. I use Photo First Voice, a form of auto-ethnography, to story my ‘living’ experience with cancer, which includes getting in touch with and honouring my Indigenous roots (Algonquin/French) attending healing ceremonies, and becoming an Oshkaabewis (a healer’s helper) myself. I integrate photographic images into this essay to illustrate my experiences and to enhance the meaning of the words I have committed to these pages. Each image represents a different aspect or level of knowledge and healing. These images and text are followed by a discussion in which I weave fragments of experience together to narrate a living (inter)relationship with the earth, towards a more balanced whole. Indigenous medicines set in motion major changes in my life, which are fundamental to my ongoing healing. In this context, the term ‘medicine’ refers to Indigenous knowledges that contribute to healing, healing ceremonies, teachings, and plant medicines (mainly Ojibwe).
这篇摄影文章探讨了我使用土著传统药物治疗癌症的经历。我使用“照片第一声音”(Photo First Voice),一种自动人种志的形式,来讲述我与癌症的“生活”经历,其中包括与我的土著根(阿尔冈昆/法国)取得联系并尊重我的土著根(阿尔冈昆/法国),参加治疗仪式,并成为一名Oshkaabewis(治疗师的助手)。我将摄影图像整合到这篇文章中,以说明我的经历,并增强我在这些页面中所承诺的文字的含义。每幅图像都代表了知识和治疗的不同方面或水平。这些图像和文字之后是一个讨论,在这个讨论中,我将经历的片段编织在一起,讲述与地球的生活(内部)关系,走向一个更平衡的整体。土著药物使我的生活发生了重大变化,这对我正在进行的治疗至关重要。在这种情况下,“医学”一词指的是有助于治疗、治疗仪式、教义和植物药物(主要是Ojibwe)的土著知识。
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引用次数: 0
Shifting Stigma: Why Ukrainian Health Care Workers Favor a High Barrier Treatment Modality for Tuberculosis 改变污名:为什么乌克兰卫生保健工作者赞成肺结核的高屏障治疗方式
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.6521
M. Villar, J. Carroll
This research article seeks to understand how the cultural context of tuberculosis (TB) care in Ukraine influences healthcare workers’ perception of their patients and the choices they make in offering TB treatment. Specifically, we aim to explore healthcare workers’ predilection towards inpatient treatment of TB in Ukraine in lieu of other, evidence-based treatment approaches. Based on qualitative research with TB care providers in Ukraine, we argue that a preference for inpatient treatment instead of the standard outpatient regimen is rooted in the care workers’ assessment of the patient’s desire to get well. In other words, the preferred treatment modality is not based on any biological characteristic of TB infection; instead, it is based on the perceived strengths and weaknesses of patients’ psychology.
这篇研究文章试图了解乌克兰结核病(TB)护理的文化背景如何影响医护人员对患者的看法以及他们在提供结核病治疗方面做出的选择。具体来说,我们的目的是探讨医疗工作者对乌克兰住院治疗结核病的偏好,而不是其他循证治疗方法。基于对乌克兰结核病护理提供者的定性研究,我们认为,对住院治疗而不是标准门诊治疗方案的偏好根植于护理工作者对患者康复愿望的评估。换句话说,首选的治疗方式不是基于结核感染的任何生物学特征;相反,它是基于患者心理的感知优势和劣势。
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引用次数: 0
​​Nested Ethics: The Management of Young People’s Goals in Alternative UK Mental Health Services ​​嵌套伦理:英国另类心理健康服务中年轻人目标的管理
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.6764
Rosie Jones McVey
Youth mental health interventions in the UK increasingly use goal-setting procedures to shape services and measure outcomes in ways that are intended to be meaningful to service users. This research article questions this premise, departing with the ethnographic observation that many young people do not seem to welcome the invitation or requirement to direct their therapeutic aims and set the terms for service evaluation in the form of goals. I will show that goal-setting procedures are examples of a broader field of complex ethico-political dilemmas navigated by mental health service staff. While wanting to enable young people to be healthy agents, staff are simultaneously critically aware of the risk of imposing normative, unrealistic and unfair expectations onto young people. I propose that these staff are engaged in a specific form of ethico-political practice, which I call ‘nested ethics’. I use this term to describe instances where staff ethically evaluate their own conduct in line with the capacity to enable the ethical life of another person (youth, in this case). Viewing goal-setting processes as an example of an uneasy politics of nested ethics enables a new perspective from which to advance debates about the enablement of service user choice within care provisions. 
英国的青少年心理健康干预越来越多地使用目标设定程序来塑造服务,并以对服务使用者有意义的方式衡量结果。这篇研究文章质疑了这个前提,从民族志的观察出发,许多年轻人似乎不欢迎邀请或要求指导他们的治疗目标,并以目标的形式为服务评估设定条件。我将表明,目标设定程序是精神卫生服务人员所面临的复杂伦理政治困境的一个更广泛领域的例子。工作人员一方面希望使年轻人成为健康的代理人,另一方面也深刻地认识到将规范、不现实和不公平的期望强加给年轻人的风险。我认为这些工作人员从事的是一种特定形式的伦理政治实践,我称之为“嵌套伦理”。我用这个词来描述工作人员根据使另一个人(在这种情况下是年轻人)的道德生活的能力,从道德上评价自己的行为的情况。将目标设定过程视为嵌套道德的不安政治的一个例子,可以从一个新的角度推进关于在护理提供中实现服务用户选择的辩论。
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引用次数: 0
​​Irritating Bowels​: Attention and Everyday Management of Gut Trouble in Denmark 刺激肠:注意和日常管理的肠道问题在丹麦
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.6998
Camilla Brændstrup Laursen
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) constitutes an irritating and embarrassing problem for an estimated 11–16% of the Danish population. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores how young and middle-aged people diagnosed with IBS attend to, experience, and manage gut trouble in a Danish welfare context. It asks how we may understand the relation between IBS, irritation, and attention. Drawing on conceptualisations of ‘dys-appearance’ (Leder 1990) and ‘attentional pulls’ (Throop and Duranti 2015), I explore how afflicted individuals’ attention is pulled towards unwanted and unexpected gut sensations in everyday life, and how a Danish welfare context, manifesting itself in notions of ‘faring well’ (Langer and Højlund 2011) and moral imaginings of ‘good lives’ (Mattingly 2014), may contribute to this. Furthermore, I show how people are impelled to experiment with consciously paying attention to the gut and deciphering its signals to try to alleviate gut trouble. I suggest that irritation may not only be an empirical focal point, but also a heuristic tool for troubling and refining concepts.
据估计,11-16%的丹麦人患有肠易激综合征(IBS),这是一个令人恼火和尴尬的问题。基于长期的民族志田野调查,本文探讨了在丹麦福利背景下,被诊断为肠易激综合征的年轻人和中年人是如何处理、体验和管理肠道疾病的。它询问我们如何理解肠易激综合症、刺激和注意力之间的关系。借鉴“外表异常”(Leder 1990)和“注意力拉拽”(Throop and Duranti 2015)的概念,我探讨了受折磨的个人的注意力是如何被拉到日常生活中不想要的和意想不到的直觉上的,以及丹麦的福利背景如何表现在“过得好”(Langer and Højlund 2011)和“美好生活”的道德想象(Mattingly 2014)中,这可能会导致这种情况。此外,我还展示了人们是如何被迫进行实验,有意识地关注肠道并破译其信号,以试图减轻肠道问题。我认为,刺激可能不仅是一个经验焦点,也是一种启发工具,用于困扰和提炼概念。
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引用次数: 1
​​Epidemic States​: Reading China’s Mao-era Public Health after Zero-COVID ​​流行病状态​: 解读新冠肺炎清零后的毛时代中国公共卫生
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.7123
L. Fearnley
This Review essay discusses three recent historical works about Mao-era public health, dealing with mass vaccination, anti-parisitic disease campaigns, and cholera epidemic response. The review identifies two key themes that cross-cut these works: the importance of pharmaceutical technology within the Mao-era, despite common assumptions that science and technology were repressed or declined during this period; and how new administrative reforms that reordered Chinese society after the Communist Revolution intersected with public health governance. Tracing how Maoist forms of state governance emerged in and through the response to epidemic disease, the review essay suggests that we can also examine China’s COVID-19 response as a crucible for implementing new forms of governing.  
这篇评论文章讨论 关于毛时代公共卫生的三部最新历史著作,涉及大规模疫苗接种、抗教区疾病运动和霍乱疫情应对。这篇综述确定了贯穿这些著作的两个关键主题:毛时代制药技术的重要性,尽管人们普遍认为科学技术在这一时期受到压制或衰落;以及共产主义革命后重新调整中国社会秩序的新行政改革如何与公共卫生治理相交。这篇评论文章追溯了毛主义形式的国家治理是如何在应对疫情中出现的,并指出我们也可以将中国的新冠肺炎应对措施视为实施新治理形式的坩埚。
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引用次数: 0
​​River Swimming Through Uncertainty​: Pandemic Immersions in a Therapeutic Chalkscape 在不确定的河流中游泳:在治疗性的粉笔景观中沉浸在流行病中
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.7045
M. Pearson
In this Field Note, I share my experiences of an immersive period of ethnography undertaken with river swimmers in and along the River Beane and River Lea in the county town of Hertford, South-East England, from July 2020 until January 2021. As well as my personal experiences of being a swimmer, I include insights and observations from those I swam alongside to reflect on the feeling of wellbeing that river swimming instills in those dipping, swimming, and ‘dwelling’ in their local rivers. I use these insights to expand the notion of therapeutic landscapes, noting not only their temporality during a pandemic period of uncertainty and disconnection but also their minerality. I explore how therapeutic connections and closer relations between humans, non-humans and rivers, all watered by the same chalk aquifer, might be framed through the connective substance of chalk.  
在这篇野外笔记中,我分享了我在2020年7月至2021年1月期间与英格兰东南部赫特福德镇比恩河和利亚河沿岸的河流游泳者一起进行的沉浸式民族志研究的经历。除了作为一名游泳者的个人经历外,我还包括了与我一起游泳的人的见解和观察,以反映河里游泳给那些在当地河流中游泳和“居住”的人灌输的幸福感。我利用这些见解来扩展治疗景观的概念,不仅注意到它们在不确定和脱节的大流行时期的临时性,而且还注意到它们的矿物性。我探索了人类、非人类和河流之间的治疗联系和更密切的关系,它们都是由同一个白垩含水层浇灌的,如何通过白垩的连接物质来构建。
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引用次数: 0
Between Moral Injury and Moral Agency​: Exploring Treatment for Men with Histories of Military Sexual Trauma 在道德伤害与道德能动性之间:军人性创伤史的治疗探索
Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.17157/mat.10.1.6876
Jonathan Yahalom, Sheila Frankfurt, Alison B. Hamilton
This Research Article deploys the frameworks of moral injury and moral agency to explore the experiences of veteran men who completed group therapy for military sexual trauma (MST). The article analyses ethnographically how veteran men with MST experience psychological growth via a replenishment of their sense of moral agency, thereby blending psychological theory about moral injury with anthropological theory about moral agency. It highlights how broader cultural experience can intersect and contribute to shame around MST, then depicts the ways that veterans recovered from a life characterised by pervasive shame, isolation, and compromised identity—psychological signs of moral injury—and made gains toward a life characterised by greater self-acceptance, an ability to tell one’s own story, and intimacy with others—signs of moral agency. In so doing, the article highlights the social and moral dimensions that can constitute psychological injury, and the way that addressing these dimensions can promote moral agency and thus mental health recovery.
本研究运用道德伤害和道德代理的框架,探讨退伍军人性创伤群体治疗的经验。本文从民族志的角度分析了MST老兵如何通过道德能动性的补充来体验心理成长,从而将道德伤害的心理学理论与道德能动性的人类学理论相结合。它强调了更广泛的文化经验如何在MST周围交叉并促进羞耻,然后描述了退伍军人如何从普遍的羞耻,孤立和妥协的身份(道德伤害的心理标志)的生活中恢复过来,并朝着更大的自我接纳,讲述自己的故事的能力和与他人的亲密关系(道德机构的标志)的生活中取得进展。通过这样做,文章强调了可能构成心理伤害的社会和道德层面,以及解决这些层面的方式可以促进道德代理,从而促进心理健康恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Behind the Scenes at MAT: Labour at an open access journal MAT的幕后:开放获取期刊上的劳工
Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.17157/mat.9.3.7396
Mat Editorial Collective
Editorial to the September issue of 2022.
2022年9月号的社论。
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引用次数: 0
The Politics of Breathing Troubles in COVID-19: Pandemic Inequalities and the Right to Breathe across India and Germany 2019冠状病毒病呼吸困难的政治:印度和德国的流行病不平等和呼吸权
Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.17157/mat.9.3.5750
N. Selim
‘Breathing trouble’ refers both to a biopolitical process and a metaphor for the current global condition. This Position Piece draws inspiration from the ‘universal right to breathe’ frame suggested by Joseph-Achille Mbembe (2021a) to discuss pandemic inequalities in Kolkata (India) from a location in the global north, Berlin (Germany), where the author currently lives and works. Drawing from the circumstances surrounding the interruption of my fieldwork in urban India, I argue how the border-crossing pandemic and the choking politics of the ruling governments in India and Germany are entangled in the production of pandemic inequalities. The coeval discussions of lived experiences and political grievances ‘there’ (India/Kolkata) and the critical questioning of the image of India from ‘here’ (Germany/Berlin) invite an understanding of breathing beyond its purely biological function to what we have in common, as the universal right to breathe. Such framing may help anthropologists to reattune to spatial, temporal, and ethical dimensions of excess empirical events in the constantly changing yet simultaneous pandemic realities.
“呼吸困难”既指生物政治过程,也隐喻了当前的全球状况。这篇立场文章从Joseph-Achille Mbembe (2021a)提出的“普遍呼吸权”框架中汲取灵感,从作者目前生活和工作的全球北部地点柏林(德国)讨论加尔各答(印度)的流行病不平等问题。根据我在印度城市实地考察中断的情况,我论证了跨境流行病和印度和德国执政政府令人窒息的政治是如何与流行病不平等的产生纠缠在一起的。对“那里”(印度/加尔各答)的生活经历和政治不满的同时代讨论,以及对“这里”(德国/柏林)的印度形象的批判性质疑,促使人们对呼吸的理解超越了纯粹的生物功能,而成为我们共有的东西,作为呼吸的普遍权利。这样的框架可以帮助人类学家在不断变化但同时发生的流行病现实中重新调整到多余的经验事件的空间、时间和伦理维度。
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引用次数: 1
Colonial Entanglements and African Health Worlds 殖民纠葛与非洲卫生世界
Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.17157/mat.9.3.6991
T. Cochrane
Following Ann Stoler’s (2016) idea of colonial and (post)colonial history as recursive, a history which folds back upon itself, emerging in new shapes and forms yet still carrying the formations that they are folded into, and Achille Mbembe’s argument that in the (post)colony the ‘past and present are entangled in hydra-headed ways’ (Mbembe and Hofmeyr 2006), this Review essay puts into conversation three recent publications: Marrku Hokkanen’s Medicine, Mobility and Empire (2017), Simukai Chigudu’s The Political Life of an Epidemic (2020), and Luke Messac’s No More to Spend (2020). I argue that these books help elucidate the transitions from colonial to postcolonial biomedicine in Africa and show what has endured. Focusing on books that look at a small part of south-eastern Africa, the essay examines how detailed historical analysis of the colonial creation of the medical world in the region can allow a temporally entangled understanding of medicine in the (post)colony. In particular, I observe how these three books highlight the impact of colonial logics of spatiality on African medical and healthcare worlds and suggest that paying careful attention to the colonial entanglements of African health worlds is crucial to understanding their contemporary shapes and forms. 
根据Ann Stoler(2016)的观点,殖民地和(后)殖民地历史是递归的,这是一段自我折叠的历史,以新的形状和形式出现,但仍然携带着它们被折叠成的形式,以及Achille Mbembe的论点,即在(后)殖民地,“过去和现在以多头方式纠缠在一起”(Mbembe和Hofmeyr,2006),这篇评论文章与最近出版的三本出版物进行了对话:马尔库·霍卡宁的《医学、流动性和帝国》(2017)、西穆凯·奇古杜的《流行病的政治生活》(2020)和卢克·梅萨克的《不再花钱》(2020年)。我认为,这些书有助于阐明非洲从殖民地到后殖民地生物医学的转变,并展示了所经历的一切。这篇文章以关注东南非一小部分地区的书籍为中心,探讨了对该地区医学世界殖民地创建的详细历史分析如何使人们能够对(后)殖民地的医学有一个暂时纠缠的理解。特别是,我观察到这三本书如何强调空间性的殖民逻辑对非洲医疗和保健世界的影响,并建议仔细关注非洲医疗世界的殖民纠葛对于理解其当代形态至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Medicine anthropology theory
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