Ravish Huchegowda, M. Sharma, N. Anand, D. Devadiga
With physicians and patients fearful of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this has a profound impact on the working and personal life and living style of individuals. In United States (U.S.), around 10.7% reported perceiving severe thoughts of hurting themselves and contemplating suicide as a reaction. There is a 3-4 times rise in the incidence of mental well-being disorders in the past year relative to the year prior as reported in the article in US. It was also confirmed that salivary glands of throats had affected by coronavirus and many patients infected have developed dysgeusia and anosmia which are also happened to be found in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, thus pointing out the role of ACE receptors for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Reducing technologic use and addiction would be feasible by adequate sleep and preventing during work hours through reducing task triggering anxiety-related use of mobile phones. Consuming plenty of Vitamin C can protect against such viral infections. Study have also shown that sufficient vitamin D supplementation could boost humoral and cellular immune responses and reduce intestinal leakiness among COVID-19 infected population.
{"title":"Oral and Gut Health Can Play an Important Role in Psychosomatic Illness Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients","authors":"Ravish Huchegowda, M. Sharma, N. Anand, D. Devadiga","doi":"10.17140/noj-8-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-8-135","url":null,"abstract":"With physicians and patients fearful of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this has a profound impact on the working and personal life and living style of individuals. In United States (U.S.), around 10.7% reported perceiving severe thoughts of hurting themselves and contemplating suicide as a reaction. There is a 3-4 times rise in the incidence of mental well-being disorders in the past year relative to the year prior as reported in the article in US. It was also confirmed that salivary glands of throats had affected by coronavirus and many patients infected have developed dysgeusia and anosmia which are also happened to be found in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, thus pointing out the role of ACE receptors for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Reducing technologic use and addiction would be feasible by adequate sleep and preventing during work hours through reducing task triggering anxiety-related use of mobile phones. Consuming plenty of Vitamin C can protect against such viral infections. Study have also shown that sufficient vitamin D supplementation could boost humoral and cellular immune responses and reduce intestinal leakiness among COVID-19 infected population.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76391501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most common neurologic disorder is migraines. Migraine is defined as throbbing headaches that can be associated with auras. The headaches are episodic and can be debilitating in quality. Migraines can be triggered by emotional stress, lack of sleep, bright lights, loud noise, certain foods, and other environmental factors. The most effective way of preventing migraines is to avoid these triggers. A migraine can begin with prodromes or warning signs such as loss of vision, loss of motor reflexes or sensation. In this review, the types of migraine, signs and symptoms, pathways leading up to auras, and detailed pathophysiology will be discussed. The pathophysiology of a migraine consists of three different mechanisms: 1) cortical spreading depression, 2) the trigemino vascular system, and 3) sensitization. Three different treatment methods for a migraine will be discussed: 1) pharmacological, 2) non-pharmacological and 3) lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle modifications include eating a healthy diet, exercising, and maintaining proper sleep hygiene. Pharmacological treatments can be preventative or abortive. The latest migraine treatment of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist use will be discussed in this review and compared to other treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and Triptans. Future research methods to prevent and better treat migraine headaches are considered a hot topic in medicine and these novel methods will be discussed.
{"title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine: A Focus on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide","authors":"Babar Mirza, Wageha Akel","doi":"10.17140/noj-8-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-8-136","url":null,"abstract":"The most common neurologic disorder is migraines. Migraine is defined as throbbing headaches that can be associated with auras. The headaches are episodic and can be debilitating in quality. Migraines can be triggered by emotional stress, lack of sleep, bright lights, loud noise, certain foods, and other environmental factors. The most effective way of preventing migraines is to avoid these triggers. A migraine can begin with prodromes or warning signs such as loss of vision, loss of motor reflexes or sensation. In this review, the types of migraine, signs and symptoms, pathways leading up to auras, and detailed pathophysiology will be discussed. The pathophysiology of a migraine consists of three different mechanisms: 1) cortical spreading depression, 2) the trigemino vascular system, and 3) sensitization. Three different treatment methods for a migraine will be discussed: 1) pharmacological, 2) non-pharmacological and 3) lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle modifications include eating a healthy diet, exercising, and maintaining proper sleep hygiene. Pharmacological treatments can be preventative or abortive. The latest migraine treatment of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist use will be discussed in this review and compared to other treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and Triptans. Future research methods to prevent and better treat migraine headaches are considered a hot topic in medicine and these novel methods will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73262201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Severe comprehension impairments in Wernicke’s aphasia (WA) are often seen to be associated with auditory related impairment and phonological processing, including semantic and executive difficulties. This study investigated whether an intensive functional approach regime underpins the improvement in speech, language and cognitive domains in an individual with WA resulting in a positive impact on functional communication skills and quality of life-based on international classification of functioning (ICF), disability and health framework. Aim To study the impact of evidence-based functional treatment approach on the speech, language, cognitive and quality of life (QoL) domains in a patient diagnosed with WA based on ICF Framework. Objective The purpose of this longitudinal case study was to compare before- and after-scores of speech and language abilities, cognitive abilities and QoL in a patient diagnosed with WA after providing an intensive evidence-based functional communication treatment approach. Material and Methods A case aged 60-years-old male with a one-month history of stroke; was diagnosed as WA. The patient received intensive functional treatment approach focusing on language and cognition for one hour continuously per session, for eight sessions, within 2-months which involved different therapy approaches to improve his communication abilities. The measurement of language, cognitive abilities and QoL was assessed using the English adaptation of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form ((WHOQoLBREF) respectively. The results obtained were analyzed based upon the scores obtained across the domains of WAB, ACE-R, and QoL in two stages i.e. pre- and post-intensive aphasia functional language intervention program. Results The outcome of the current study revealed improved scores in WAB, ACE-R, and WHOQoL which highlighted the fact that aphasia therapy techniques targeting the language and functional goals must be followed and implemented during the therapeutic sessions based on the client’s type of aphasia. Conclusion The findings of the case study suggests that the impact of functional communication approach targeting the maximum participation of the person with aphasia seems to be one of the most effective and efficient way to rehabilitate aphasics to improve their QoL.
{"title":"Impact of Evidence-Based Functional Intervention Approach on an Individual with Wernicke’s Aphasia Based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework: A Case Study","authors":"Manisha Choudhury, Preeti Singh","doi":"10.17140/noj-8-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-8-137","url":null,"abstract":"Background Severe comprehension impairments in Wernicke’s aphasia (WA) are often seen to be associated with auditory related impairment and phonological processing, including semantic and executive difficulties. This study investigated whether an intensive functional approach regime underpins the improvement in speech, language and cognitive domains in an individual with WA resulting in a positive impact on functional communication skills and quality of life-based on international classification of functioning (ICF), disability and health framework. Aim To study the impact of evidence-based functional treatment approach on the speech, language, cognitive and quality of life (QoL) domains in a patient diagnosed with WA based on ICF Framework. Objective The purpose of this longitudinal case study was to compare before- and after-scores of speech and language abilities, cognitive abilities and QoL in a patient diagnosed with WA after providing an intensive evidence-based functional communication treatment approach. Material and Methods A case aged 60-years-old male with a one-month history of stroke; was diagnosed as WA. The patient received intensive functional treatment approach focusing on language and cognition for one hour continuously per session, for eight sessions, within 2-months which involved different therapy approaches to improve his communication abilities. The measurement of language, cognitive abilities and QoL was assessed using the English adaptation of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form ((WHOQoLBREF) respectively. The results obtained were analyzed based upon the scores obtained across the domains of WAB, ACE-R, and QoL in two stages i.e. pre- and post-intensive aphasia functional language intervention program. Results The outcome of the current study revealed improved scores in WAB, ACE-R, and WHOQoL which highlighted the fact that aphasia therapy techniques targeting the language and functional goals must be followed and implemented during the therapeutic sessions based on the client’s type of aphasia. Conclusion The findings of the case study suggests that the impact of functional communication approach targeting the maximum participation of the person with aphasia seems to be one of the most effective and efficient way to rehabilitate aphasics to improve their QoL.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"50 1-5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77881622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice G. Willison, A. Kanodia, Kirit Singh, G. Leese, D. Allan, K. Hossain-Ibrahim
Differentiating between cystic lesions of pituitary gland may be challenging. Usual differentials are cystic pituitary adenoma (cPA) and Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC). Diagnostic certainty of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in the absence of usual suggestive features. Furthermore, RCC can co-exist with approximately 2% of pituitary adenomas. Over time, these cystic lesions may remain static, resolve spontaneously, or result in symptomatology relating to mass effect and/or hormonal disruption. In cases of an asymptomatic lesion being found incidentally, little is known about how it may progress, raising question whether to proceed with surgical management or follow-up. We a present case of a spontaneously resolving pituitary cystic lesion with imaging features more suggestive of cPA than RCC, for which watchful waiting proved a successful treatment strategy. The current case serves as a reminder that small cystic lesions can be followed-up with spontaneous resolution and should be offered active treatment only when clinically required.
{"title":"Spontaneous Resolution of Pituitary Cystic Lesion","authors":"Alice G. Willison, A. Kanodia, Kirit Singh, G. Leese, D. Allan, K. Hossain-Ibrahim","doi":"10.17140/NOJ-7-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/NOJ-7-133","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiating between cystic lesions of pituitary gland may be challenging. Usual differentials are cystic pituitary adenoma (cPA) and Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC). Diagnostic certainty of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in the absence of usual suggestive features. Furthermore, RCC can co-exist with approximately 2% of pituitary adenomas. Over time, these cystic lesions may remain static, resolve spontaneously, or result in symptomatology relating to mass effect and/or hormonal disruption. In cases of an asymptomatic lesion being found incidentally, little is known about how it may progress, raising question whether to proceed with surgical management or follow-up. We a present case of a spontaneously resolving pituitary cystic lesion with imaging features more suggestive of cPA than RCC, for which watchful waiting proved a successful treatment strategy. The current case serves as a reminder that small cystic lesions can be followed-up with spontaneous resolution and should be offered active treatment only when clinically required.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86772861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peripheral neuropathy is a type of neurological disorder in which patients with complex inherited neurological defects present significant phenotype in the peripheral nervous system. Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (hATTR) neuropathy is typical polyneuropathy caused by single-nucleotide variants in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR) and leads to transthyretin misfolding and systemic deposition of amyloid. One of the clinical hallmarks of hATTR neuropathy is polyneuropathy of the destruction of the somatic and autonomic peripheral nervous system, leading to loss of autonomy. Progressive amyloid accumulation also causes multi-organ dysfunction and death. There are many therapeutics that have been proposed and developed in these years. These therapies aim to reduce or eliminate hATTR from the plasma, stabilize the hATTR to prevent deposition, and dissolute the amyloid misfolding matrix. Recently, gene therapy strategy is being deployed to treat recessive genetic disorders by eliminating the expression of the mutated genes. Thus, gene-silencing approaches have been used to manage this amyloidosis neuropathy in the broad stages and produce some degree of improvement of this disease. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Inotersen (an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)) and patisiran (a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for the treatment of hATTR polyneuropathy to suppress hATTR expression. Inotersen, a 2’-O-methoxyethylmodified ASO, which acts by reducing the production of transthyretin, and has been demonstrated to improve the quality of life in early hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy. I here focus on the RNA-targeted therapy with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms by which antisense oligonucleotide can be designed to modulate transthyretin RNA function for being a novel therapy for hereditary amyloidosis neuropathy.
周围神经病变是一种神经系统疾病，患者具有复杂的遗传性神经系统缺陷，在周围神经系统中表现出显着的表型。遗传性淀粉样原性转甲状腺素(hatr)神经病是由编码转甲状腺素(TTR)基因的单核苷酸变异引起的典型多神经病变，可导致转甲状腺素错误折叠和淀粉样蛋白的全身沉积。hATTR神经病变的临床特征之一是躯体和自主周围神经系统的破坏，导致自主性丧失的多神经病变。进行性淀粉样蛋白积累也会导致多器官功能障碍和死亡。近年来，人们提出并发展了许多治疗方法。这些疗法旨在减少或消除血浆中的hATTR，稳定hATTR以防止沉积，并溶解淀粉样蛋白错误折叠基质。最近，基因治疗策略被用于通过消除突变基因的表达来治疗隐性遗传疾病。因此，基因沉默方法已被用于管理淀粉样变性神经病变的广泛阶段，并产生一定程度的改善这种疾病。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准Inotersen(一种反义寡核苷酸(ASO))和patisiran(一种小干扰核糖核酸(siRNA))用于治疗hATTR多发性神经病，以抑制hATTR的表达。Inotersen是一种2 ' - o -甲氧基乙基修饰的ASO，通过减少甲状腺转蛋白的产生起作用，并已被证明可改善早期遗传性甲状腺转蛋白淀粉样变性多发性神经病患者的生活质量。我在此重点介绍RNA靶向治疗，特别强调反义寡核苷酸可以被设计来调节转甲状腺素RNA功能的分子机制，作为遗传性淀粉样变性神经病的新治疗方法。
{"title":"Current Emerging Therapy for Amyloidosis Neuropathy","authors":"Yung‐chi Cheng","doi":"10.17140/NOJ-7-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/NOJ-7-134","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral neuropathy is a type of neurological disorder in which patients with complex inherited neurological defects present significant phenotype in the peripheral nervous system. Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (hATTR) neuropathy is typical polyneuropathy caused by single-nucleotide variants in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR) and leads to transthyretin misfolding and systemic deposition of amyloid. One of the clinical hallmarks of hATTR neuropathy is polyneuropathy of the destruction of the somatic and autonomic peripheral nervous system, leading to loss of autonomy. Progressive amyloid accumulation also causes multi-organ dysfunction and death. There are many therapeutics that have been proposed and developed in these years. These therapies aim to reduce or eliminate hATTR from the plasma, stabilize the hATTR to prevent deposition, and dissolute the amyloid misfolding matrix. Recently, gene therapy strategy is being deployed to treat recessive genetic disorders by eliminating the expression of the mutated genes. Thus, gene-silencing approaches have been used to manage this amyloidosis neuropathy in the broad stages and produce some degree of improvement of this disease. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Inotersen (an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)) and patisiran (a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for the treatment of hATTR polyneuropathy to suppress hATTR expression. Inotersen, a 2’-O-methoxyethylmodified ASO, which acts by reducing the production of transthyretin, and has been demonstrated to improve the quality of life in early hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy. I here focus on the RNA-targeted therapy with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms by which antisense oligonucleotide can be designed to modulate transthyretin RNA function for being a novel therapy for hereditary amyloidosis neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75192821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Praxitype: An Improved Interpretation of Genotype-Phenotype Variation","authors":"V. Riccardi","doi":"10.17140/noj-6-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-6-131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79750751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Cuba, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) for children and adolescents account between 18 and 20% of all tumors in this group of age.1-3 The main methods of treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.4 Radiation therapy is a major treatment avenue in medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in some cases of germinomas consist of craneospinal irradiation (CS ), and a supplementary boost to the post-operative tumor bed, followed by chemotherapy. In ABSTRACT Objective To report the epidemiology and associated health factors of children and adolescents who were subject to several rounds of irradiation at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology in Havana, Cuba Introduction Irradiation is often an integral part of the treatment for central nervous system tumors. However, it is particularly challenging to use for the treatment of pediatric and adolescents, as it has been predicted to have drastic effects on the developing brain. Recurrence is frequent and treatment is limited with a few management options. These patients often underwent several parallel treatments including surgery and chemotherapy. Material and Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted for 17 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18-years, who had central nervous system tumor recurrences and were reirradiated with a linear accelerator, three dimensional (3D) planning with a dose range of 36-56 Gy. Survival functions were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The study included eight medulloblastomas, (47.1%); two germinomas, (11.8%); three astrocytomas grade III, (17.6%); two brainstem tumors, (11.8%); one ependymoma, (5.9%) and one oligodendroglioma, (5.9%). All the patients responded to the treatment, with survival rates of 62.5% and 25 % at 1 and 2-years, respectively. The median survival time after reirradiation was 1.13-years. The median interval between radiation courses was 4.7-years. Median age at the first course of radiotherapy was 9-years, and at the second irradiation 14-years. Median total dose for the 2 irradiation courses were 100 Gy. Five patients are still alive with a survival time range of 7.5 and 0.9-years. The cognitive function in surviving patients was preserved, especially for over 12-years of age. Three had a Karnofsky-Lansky (K-L) scale of 100%, and two patients had a K-L of 90% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions Reirradiation is an option to be considered in patients with relapsed tumors in order to extend survival time, with a good cognitive functions.
{"title":"Reirradiation of Recurrent Tumors in Central Nervous System in Children and Adolescents","authors":"J. Alert, I. Chon, R. Ropero","doi":"10.17140/noj-6-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-6-129","url":null,"abstract":"I Cuba, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) for children and adolescents account between 18 and 20% of all tumors in this group of age.1-3 The main methods of treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.4 Radiation therapy is a major treatment avenue in medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in some cases of germinomas consist of craneospinal irradiation (CS ), and a supplementary boost to the post-operative tumor bed, followed by chemotherapy. In ABSTRACT Objective To report the epidemiology and associated health factors of children and adolescents who were subject to several rounds of irradiation at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology in Havana, Cuba Introduction Irradiation is often an integral part of the treatment for central nervous system tumors. However, it is particularly challenging to use for the treatment of pediatric and adolescents, as it has been predicted to have drastic effects on the developing brain. Recurrence is frequent and treatment is limited with a few management options. These patients often underwent several parallel treatments including surgery and chemotherapy. Material and Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted for 17 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18-years, who had central nervous system tumor recurrences and were reirradiated with a linear accelerator, three dimensional (3D) planning with a dose range of 36-56 Gy. Survival functions were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The study included eight medulloblastomas, (47.1%); two germinomas, (11.8%); three astrocytomas grade III, (17.6%); two brainstem tumors, (11.8%); one ependymoma, (5.9%) and one oligodendroglioma, (5.9%). All the patients responded to the treatment, with survival rates of 62.5% and 25 % at 1 and 2-years, respectively. The median survival time after reirradiation was 1.13-years. The median interval between radiation courses was 4.7-years. Median age at the first course of radiotherapy was 9-years, and at the second irradiation 14-years. Median total dose for the 2 irradiation courses were 100 Gy. Five patients are still alive with a survival time range of 7.5 and 0.9-years. The cognitive function in surviving patients was preserved, especially for over 12-years of age. Three had a Karnofsky-Lansky (K-L) scale of 100%, and two patients had a K-L of 90% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions Reirradiation is an option to be considered in patients with relapsed tumors in order to extend survival time, with a good cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82623312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vision in the Hearing-Impaired: Enhanced or Deprived?","authors":"Jaikishan Jayakumar","doi":"10.17140/noj-6-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-6-130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89131533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravish Huchegowda, Srinivas Huchegowda, J. Jain, M. Parthasarathy, Tharika Shraddha, Nagalakshmi C. Sathyanarayanshetty, B. Poojary, F. Zameer, Chetan H. Gowda, Naveen H. Gowda, H. N. Venkatesh, Bangalore Karnataka India General Practitioner
{"title":"Review on Artificial Intelligence and Applications in Healthcare","authors":"Ravish Huchegowda, Srinivas Huchegowda, J. Jain, M. Parthasarathy, Tharika Shraddha, Nagalakshmi C. Sathyanarayanshetty, B. Poojary, F. Zameer, Chetan H. Gowda, Naveen H. Gowda, H. N. Venkatesh, Bangalore Karnataka India General Practitioner","doi":"10.17140/noj-6-e010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/noj-6-e010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74268,"journal":{"name":"Neuro : open journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79596633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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