I. Trečiokienė, Nomeda Bratčikovienė, J. Gulbinovič, B. Wettermark, K. Taxis
High blood pressure is a major risk factor contributing to death and disability rates in the Baltic states. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of antihypertensive medicines in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 2008 to 2018. In this retrospective cross-national comparison, nationally representative wholesale data from the IQVIA National Retail Audit were analyzed. The utilization of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and centrally acting antihypertensives by Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/TID) was used to calculate utilization. Time series analysis was used to analyze trends. The utilization increased annually by 10.88, 8.04 and 6.42 DDD/TID in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, respectively, from 2008. The utilization of antihypertensive drugs in 2018 was 372, 267 and 379.5 DDD/TID, respectively. Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system were the most commonly used class in 2008 and 2018. From 2008, the utilization of beta blockers and fixed-dose combinations including renin–angiotensin system inhibitors increased substantially, while that of calcium channel blockers decreased. Country-specific utilization trends were noted; e.g., the utilization of centrally acting antihypertensives was 30.9 DDD/TID in Lithuania compared to 3.01 DDD/TID in Estonia and 16.17 DDD/TID in Latvia. The use of antihypertensive medicines increased over the study period, but the trends for the different drug classes differed between countries.
{"title":"Trend of Antihypertensive Medicine Use in the Baltic States between 2008 and 2018: A Retrospective Cross-National Comparison","authors":"I. Trečiokienė, Nomeda Bratčikovienė, J. Gulbinovič, B. Wettermark, K. Taxis","doi":"10.3390/pharma1010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharma1010001","url":null,"abstract":"High blood pressure is a major risk factor contributing to death and disability rates in the Baltic states. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of antihypertensive medicines in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 2008 to 2018. In this retrospective cross-national comparison, nationally representative wholesale data from the IQVIA National Retail Audit were analyzed. The utilization of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and centrally acting antihypertensives by Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/TID) was used to calculate utilization. Time series analysis was used to analyze trends. The utilization increased annually by 10.88, 8.04 and 6.42 DDD/TID in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, respectively, from 2008. The utilization of antihypertensive drugs in 2018 was 372, 267 and 379.5 DDD/TID, respectively. Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system were the most commonly used class in 2008 and 2018. From 2008, the utilization of beta blockers and fixed-dose combinations including renin–angiotensin system inhibitors increased substantially, while that of calcium channel blockers decreased. Country-specific utilization trends were noted; e.g., the utilization of centrally acting antihypertensives was 30.9 DDD/TID in Lithuania compared to 3.01 DDD/TID in Estonia and 16.17 DDD/TID in Latvia. The use of antihypertensive medicines increased over the study period, but the trends for the different drug classes differed between countries.","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.22541/au.163281221.16214220/v1
T. E. Eroglu, M. Blom, P. Souverein, A. Boer, H. Tan
Aim Depolarization-blocking drugs (DB-drugs) used for cardiac disease increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation[VT/VF]) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in specific patient groups. However, it is unknown whether drugs for non-cardiac disease that block cardiac depolarization as off-target effect increase the risk of OHCA on a population level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate OHCA-risk of non-cardiac DB-drugs in the community. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control study. We included OHCA-cases from an Emergency Medical Services attended OHCA-registry in the Netherlands (ARREST:2009-2018), and age/sex/OHCA-date matched non-OHCA-controls. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) of use of non-cardiac DB-drugs for OHCA, using conditional logistic regression. Stratified analyses were performed according to first-registered rhythm (VT/VF or non-VT/VF), sex and age (≤50, 50-70, or ≥70 years). Results We included 5,473 OHCA-cases of whom 427 (7.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and 21,866 non-OHCA-controls of whom 835 (3.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and found that non-cardiac DB-drug use was associated with increased OHCA-risk when compared to no-use (ORadj1.6[95%-CI:1.4-1.9]). Stratification by first-recorded rhythm revealed that this applied to OHCA with non-VT/VF (asystole) (ORadj2.5[95%-CI:2.1-3.0]), but not with VT/VF (ORadj1.0[95%-CI:0.8-1.2];P-value interaction<0.001). The risk was higher in women (ORadj 1.8[95%-CI:1.5-2.2] than in men (ORadj1.5[95%-CI:1.2-1.8];P-value interaction=0.030) and at younger age (ORadj≥70yrs1.4[95%-CI:1.2-1.7];ORadj50-70yrs1.7[95%-CI:1.4-2.1];ORadj≤50yrs3.2[95%-CI:2.1-5.0];P-value interaction<0.001). Conclusions Use of non-cardiac DB-drugs is associated with increased OHCA-risk in the general population. This increased risk occurred in patients in whom non-VT/VF was the first-registered rhythm, and it occurred in both sexes, but more prominently among women, and more strongly in younger patients (≤50 years).
{"title":"Non-cardiac depolarization-blocking drugs are associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the community","authors":"T. E. Eroglu, M. Blom, P. Souverein, A. Boer, H. Tan","doi":"10.22541/au.163281221.16214220/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.163281221.16214220/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Depolarization-blocking drugs (DB-drugs) used for cardiac disease\u0000increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (ventricular\u0000tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation[VT/VF]) and out-of-hospital\u0000cardiac arrest (OHCA) in specific patient groups. However, it is unknown\u0000whether drugs for non-cardiac disease that block cardiac depolarization\u0000as off-target effect increase the risk of OHCA on a population level.\u0000Therefore, we aimed to investigate OHCA-risk of non-cardiac DB-drugs in\u0000the community. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control\u0000study. We included OHCA-cases from an Emergency Medical Services\u0000attended OHCA-registry in the Netherlands (ARREST:2009-2018), and\u0000age/sex/OHCA-date matched non-OHCA-controls. We calculated adjusted odds\u0000ratios (ORadj) of use of non-cardiac DB-drugs for OHCA, using\u0000conditional logistic regression. Stratified analyses were performed\u0000according to first-registered rhythm (VT/VF or non-VT/VF), sex and age\u0000(≤50, 50-70, or ≥70 years). Results We included 5,473 OHCA-cases of whom\u0000427 (7.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and 21,866 non-OHCA-controls of\u0000whom 835 (3.8%) used non-cardiac DB-drugs, and found that non-cardiac\u0000DB-drug use was associated with increased OHCA-risk when compared to\u0000no-use (ORadj1.6[95%-CI:1.4-1.9]). Stratification by first-recorded\u0000rhythm revealed that this applied to OHCA with non-VT/VF (asystole)\u0000(ORadj2.5[95%-CI:2.1-3.0]), but not with VT/VF\u0000(ORadj1.0[95%-CI:0.8-1.2];P-value interaction<0.001). The\u0000risk was higher in women (ORadj 1.8[95%-CI:1.5-2.2] than in men\u0000(ORadj1.5[95%-CI:1.2-1.8];P-value interaction=0.030) and at younger\u0000age\u0000(ORadj≥70yrs1.4[95%-CI:1.2-1.7];ORadj50-70yrs1.7[95%-CI:1.4-2.1];ORadj≤50yrs3.2[95%-CI:2.1-5.0];P-value\u0000interaction<0.001). Conclusions Use of non-cardiac DB-drugs is\u0000associated with increased OHCA-risk in the general population. This\u0000increased risk occurred in patients in whom non-VT/VF was the\u0000first-registered rhythm, and it occurred in both sexes, but more\u0000prominently among women, and more strongly in younger patients (≤50\u0000years).","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45585094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch14
J. Feinstein, P. Lindenauer, C. Feudtner, B. T. Fisher
{"title":"Inpatient Databases","authors":"J. Feinstein, P. Lindenauer, C. Feudtner, B. T. Fisher","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45615537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch16
N. Dreyer, A. F. Macedo, P. Velentgas
{"title":"Primary Data Collection for Pharmacoepidemiology","authors":"N. Dreyer, A. F. Macedo, P. Velentgas","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48417204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch17
B. Strom
{"title":"Choosing among the Available Data Sources for Pharmacoepidemiology Research","authors":"B. Strom","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50768095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch40
S. Hennessy, Charles E. Leonard, J. Gagne, J. Flory, C. Brensinger, W. Bilker
{"title":"Methods for Studying the Health Effects of Drug–Drug Interactions","authors":"S. Hennessy, Charles E. Leonard, J. Gagne, J. Flory, C. Brensinger, W. Bilker","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41682932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch13
D. Horton, Harshvinder Bhullar, Lucy Carty, F. Cunningham, A. Ogdie, J. Sultana, G. Trifirò
{"title":"Electronic Health Record Databases","authors":"D. Horton, Harshvinder Bhullar, Lucy Carty, F. Cunningham, A. Ogdie, J. Sultana, G. Trifirò","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch27
A. Bate, G. Trifirò, P. Avillach, S. Evans
{"title":"Data Mining and Other Informatics Approaches to Pharmacoepidemiology","authors":"A. Bate, G. Trifirò, P. Avillach, S. Evans","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1002/9781119413431.ch31
Laura E. Bothwell, Annika Richterich, J. Greene
{"title":"Bioethical Issues in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research","authors":"Laura E. Bothwell, Annika Richterich, J. Greene","doi":"10.1002/9781119413431.ch31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413431.ch31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74431,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119413431.ch31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41966943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：