Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.3390/photochem3010004
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审基础上〔…〕
{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Photochem in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/photochem3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3010004","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45358665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.3390/photochem3010003
Bruna Guimarães Isecke, Arthur Saldanha Guimarães, G. F. Teixeira, F. Colmati, Aparecido Ribeiro de Souza, I. L. D. de Macêdo, L. Duarte, S. D. de Oliveira, André Gabriel Carmo Costa, V. Somerset, Eric de Souza Gil
Electrocatalysis is a promising way to treat water contaminated by harmful organic compounds. The combination of nanoparticles supported on a conductive substrate allows degradation to occur under less energetic conditions. This work evaluated the effect of deposition of bismuth vanadate (BVO) particles on pencil-type graphite electrodes. BVO particles were obtained by ultrasonic irradiation with coprecipitation. Then, they were deposited on the surface of a graphite electrode by the impregnation method. A 23-design was used to optimize electrode fabrication. Matter Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used for characterization. Electrochemical characterization was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results confirmed the synthesis of BVO@C (BVO/graphite). Furthermore, BVO@C significantly increased the electroactive surface area of the electrode, decreased the electron transfer resistance, and significantly increased the electron transfer rate to a greater extent than the electrode without any modification. To prove that the performance of BVO@C is better than the pure electrode, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) and electrocatalysis (EC) were performed in a rhodamine B (RhB) solution. The results showed that in 5 min of treatment with unmodified electrode, BVO@C EC system and BVO@C PEC system, there was degradation of 31.53%, 46.09% and 58.17% respectively, reaching 95%, 98% and 99.64%, respectively, in 30 min. The reaction rate constants were calculated and to be found k = 0.10272 m−1, k = 0.12221 m−1 and k= 0.15022 m−1 for the unmodified graphite, BVO@C EC System and BVO@C PEC system, respectively. These results demonstrate that the BVO@C electrodes are efficient for application in a wide range of treatments, including the treatment of organic pollutants.
{"title":"Bismuth Vanadate-Nanostructured Graphite Electrodes For Rhodamine B Photoelectrochemical Degradation","authors":"Bruna Guimarães Isecke, Arthur Saldanha Guimarães, G. F. Teixeira, F. Colmati, Aparecido Ribeiro de Souza, I. L. D. de Macêdo, L. Duarte, S. D. de Oliveira, André Gabriel Carmo Costa, V. Somerset, Eric de Souza Gil","doi":"10.3390/photochem3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3010003","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalysis is a promising way to treat water contaminated by harmful organic compounds. The combination of nanoparticles supported on a conductive substrate allows degradation to occur under less energetic conditions. This work evaluated the effect of deposition of bismuth vanadate (BVO) particles on pencil-type graphite electrodes. BVO particles were obtained by ultrasonic irradiation with coprecipitation. Then, they were deposited on the surface of a graphite electrode by the impregnation method. A 23-design was used to optimize electrode fabrication. Matter Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used for characterization. Electrochemical characterization was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results confirmed the synthesis of BVO@C (BVO/graphite). Furthermore, BVO@C significantly increased the electroactive surface area of the electrode, decreased the electron transfer resistance, and significantly increased the electron transfer rate to a greater extent than the electrode without any modification. To prove that the performance of BVO@C is better than the pure electrode, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) and electrocatalysis (EC) were performed in a rhodamine B (RhB) solution. The results showed that in 5 min of treatment with unmodified electrode, BVO@C EC system and BVO@C PEC system, there was degradation of 31.53%, 46.09% and 58.17% respectively, reaching 95%, 98% and 99.64%, respectively, in 30 min. The reaction rate constants were calculated and to be found k = 0.10272 m−1, k = 0.12221 m−1 and k= 0.15022 m−1 for the unmodified graphite, BVO@C EC System and BVO@C PEC system, respectively. These results demonstrate that the BVO@C electrodes are efficient for application in a wide range of treatments, including the treatment of organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.3390/photochem3010002
Chuantao Wang, X. Pang, Guanghui Wang, Lou-jun Gao, F. Fu
Due to their excellent properties and unique structures, transition metal sulfides play an important role in the development of efficient and stable photoelectric catalysts. In recent years, their potential applications have expanded from photoelectric catalysis to energy storage, especially as materials for key components of electrochemical energy storage. As a typical multifunctional metal sulfide catalyst, Co9S8 is highly attractive due to its high conductivity, better stability, suitable band structure, enhanced performance and wide applications. A large number of studies have shown that strategically modified Co9S8-based materials have greater advantages in various applications compared with pure Co9S8. Therefore, this review will evaluate the physicochemical properties and the preparation of different dimensions of Co9S8-based materials, and the influence of different structures on the photoelectrochemical energy of materials will be described. In addition, the research progress regarding the evolution of hydrogen photocatalytic, electrocatalytic water splitting and various electrochemical energy storage materials will be emphasized. Finally, the challenges faced by Co9S8-based materials and the research directions for their future applications will be discussed.
{"title":"Cobalt Sulfide (Co9S8)-Based Materials with Different Dimensions: Properties, Preparation and Applications in Photo/Electric Catalysis and Energy Storage","authors":"Chuantao Wang, X. Pang, Guanghui Wang, Lou-jun Gao, F. Fu","doi":"10.3390/photochem3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3010002","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their excellent properties and unique structures, transition metal sulfides play an important role in the development of efficient and stable photoelectric catalysts. In recent years, their potential applications have expanded from photoelectric catalysis to energy storage, especially as materials for key components of electrochemical energy storage. As a typical multifunctional metal sulfide catalyst, Co9S8 is highly attractive due to its high conductivity, better stability, suitable band structure, enhanced performance and wide applications. A large number of studies have shown that strategically modified Co9S8-based materials have greater advantages in various applications compared with pure Co9S8. Therefore, this review will evaluate the physicochemical properties and the preparation of different dimensions of Co9S8-based materials, and the influence of different structures on the photoelectrochemical energy of materials will be described. In addition, the research progress regarding the evolution of hydrogen photocatalytic, electrocatalytic water splitting and various electrochemical energy storage materials will be emphasized. Finally, the challenges faced by Co9S8-based materials and the research directions for their future applications will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48949980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.3390/photochem3010001
Sthanley R. de Lima, Larissa R. Lourenço, Marina Thomaz, D. N. Messias, A. Andrade, V. Pilla
In this work, we monitored the fluorescence quantum efficiency (η) and the fluorescence lifetime (τ) of natural dye extracts from the leaves of Tradescantia pallida purpurea. The natural dye was extracted from leaves in aqueous solutions as a function of the potential of hydrogen (pH). The η was determined from conical diffraction (CD) pattern measurements due to thermally-driven self-phase modulation. The fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence measurements corroborate the CD results, and the average η ≈ 0.28 and τ ≈ 3.1 ns values were obtained in the pH range 3.96–8.02. In addition, the extracted natural dye was tested as a possible colorimetric and/or fluorometric pH indicator in milk.
{"title":"Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Lifetimes of Aqueous Natural Dye Extracted from Tradescantia pallida purpurea at Different Hydrogen Potentials","authors":"Sthanley R. de Lima, Larissa R. Lourenço, Marina Thomaz, D. N. Messias, A. Andrade, V. Pilla","doi":"10.3390/photochem3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem3010001","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we monitored the fluorescence quantum efficiency (η) and the fluorescence lifetime (τ) of natural dye extracts from the leaves of Tradescantia pallida purpurea. The natural dye was extracted from leaves in aqueous solutions as a function of the potential of hydrogen (pH). The η was determined from conical diffraction (CD) pattern measurements due to thermally-driven self-phase modulation. The fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence measurements corroborate the CD results, and the average η ≈ 0.28 and τ ≈ 3.1 ns values were obtained in the pH range 3.96–8.02. In addition, the extracted natural dye was tested as a possible colorimetric and/or fluorometric pH indicator in milk.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69790486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040060
Yifei Zhang, K. Busari, Changhai Cao, Gao Li
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are a new kind of nanomaterials that appeared in recent years; a pair of isomer nanoclusters have the same metal types, numbers of metal atoms, and surface-protected organic ligands but different metal atom arrangements. This article summarizes the structure features of isomer nanoclusters and concentrates on synthesis methods that could lead to isomer structure. The pairs of isomer inorganic nanoclusters’ conversion to each other and their applications in catalyst and photoluminescence are also discussed. We found that the structure conversions are relevant to their stability. However, with the same molecule formulas, different atom arrangements significantly influence their performance in applications. Finally, the existing challenges and some personal perspectives for this novel field in the nano-science investigation are proposed. We hope this minireview can offer a reference for researchers interested in inorganic isomer nanoclusters.
{"title":"Structural Quasi-Isomerism in Au/Ag Nanoclusters","authors":"Yifei Zhang, K. Busari, Changhai Cao, Gao Li","doi":"10.3390/photochem2040060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2040060","url":null,"abstract":"Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are a new kind of nanomaterials that appeared in recent years; a pair of isomer nanoclusters have the same metal types, numbers of metal atoms, and surface-protected organic ligands but different metal atom arrangements. This article summarizes the structure features of isomer nanoclusters and concentrates on synthesis methods that could lead to isomer structure. The pairs of isomer inorganic nanoclusters’ conversion to each other and their applications in catalyst and photoluminescence are also discussed. We found that the structure conversions are relevant to their stability. However, with the same molecule formulas, different atom arrangements significantly influence their performance in applications. Finally, the existing challenges and some personal perspectives for this novel field in the nano-science investigation are proposed. We hope this minireview can offer a reference for researchers interested in inorganic isomer nanoclusters.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040059
N. Tkachenko
The photo-induced electron transfer has been under intensive investigation for a few decades already, and a good understanding of the reaction was developed based on thorough study of the molecular donor–acceptor (DA) system. The recent shift to hybrid DA systems opens the question of transferring the knowledge to analyze and design these new materials. One of the apparent differences is the size increase of the donor or acceptor entities. The electronic wave functions of larger entities occupy a larger volume, but since these are still one-electron wave functions, their amplitudes are lower. A simple analysis proposed here demonstrates that this leads to roughly inverse third power dependence of the electron transfer rate constant on the donor or acceptor size, kET∝R−3. This dependence can be observed upon switching from molecular to quantum dot donor in DA systems with a fullerene acceptor.
{"title":"Effect of the Donor/Acceptor Size on the Rate of Photo-Induced Electron Transfer","authors":"N. Tkachenko","doi":"10.3390/photochem2040059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2040059","url":null,"abstract":"The photo-induced electron transfer has been under intensive investigation for a few decades already, and a good understanding of the reaction was developed based on thorough study of the molecular donor–acceptor (DA) system. The recent shift to hybrid DA systems opens the question of transferring the knowledge to analyze and design these new materials. One of the apparent differences is the size increase of the donor or acceptor entities. The electronic wave functions of larger entities occupy a larger volume, but since these are still one-electron wave functions, their amplitudes are lower. A simple analysis proposed here demonstrates that this leads to roughly inverse third power dependence of the electron transfer rate constant on the donor or acceptor size, kET∝R−3. This dependence can be observed upon switching from molecular to quantum dot donor in DA systems with a fullerene acceptor.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45343295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040058
Tatjana D. Vulić, M. Carević, N. Abazovic, T. Novaković, Z. Mojović, M. Čomor
The mesoporous zirconia/alumina composites were synthesized via a sol–gel method, followed by heat treatment at 500 °C for 5 h. The effect of the ZrO2/Al2O3 ratio on the structural and textural properties of the obtained composites was explored. Sorption analysis has confirmed that all samples have a mesoporous structure whose parameters (SBET, Vp and Dmax) strongly depend on the ZrO2/Al2O3 ratio. The XRD pattern of composites has shown that the addition of zirconia disrupts the crystallinity of alumina. The composites with higher zirconia content (50% ZrO2 and 67% ZrO2) are characterized by peaks related only to the zirconia phase. UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectra of all samples revealed that composites have more intensive absorption compared to pure oxides for wavelengths larger than 250 nm and similar band gaps. Photoluminescence measurements showed presence of defects in all samples, which are responsible for photocatalytic activity. All samples showed significant adsorption/photocatalytic efficacy for the removal/degradation of 2,4,6 -trichlorophenol (TCP). Results obtained using HPLC and TOC techniques showed that between 70 and 80% of the initial TCP concentration was removed/degraded after 4 h of illumination. These results were corelated with flat, conduction and valence band potentials of synthesized pure and binary oxides, calculated using Mott–Schottky plots.
{"title":"Application of Zirconia/Alumina Composite Oxide Ceramics as Photocatalysts for Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Water","authors":"Tatjana D. Vulić, M. Carević, N. Abazovic, T. Novaković, Z. Mojović, M. Čomor","doi":"10.3390/photochem2040058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2040058","url":null,"abstract":"The mesoporous zirconia/alumina composites were synthesized via a sol–gel method, followed by heat treatment at 500 °C for 5 h. The effect of the ZrO2/Al2O3 ratio on the structural and textural properties of the obtained composites was explored. Sorption analysis has confirmed that all samples have a mesoporous structure whose parameters (SBET, Vp and Dmax) strongly depend on the ZrO2/Al2O3 ratio. The XRD pattern of composites has shown that the addition of zirconia disrupts the crystallinity of alumina. The composites with higher zirconia content (50% ZrO2 and 67% ZrO2) are characterized by peaks related only to the zirconia phase. UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectra of all samples revealed that composites have more intensive absorption compared to pure oxides for wavelengths larger than 250 nm and similar band gaps. Photoluminescence measurements showed presence of defects in all samples, which are responsible for photocatalytic activity. All samples showed significant adsorption/photocatalytic efficacy for the removal/degradation of 2,4,6 -trichlorophenol (TCP). Results obtained using HPLC and TOC techniques showed that between 70 and 80% of the initial TCP concentration was removed/degraded after 4 h of illumination. These results were corelated with flat, conduction and valence band potentials of synthesized pure and binary oxides, calculated using Mott–Schottky plots.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46501282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040057
M. B. Ballatore, M. E. Pérez, Sofía C. Santamarina, J. Durantini, M. Milanesio, E. Durantini
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has emerged as a promising strategy to kill and eradicate pathogens. In this work, two polymers, TCP-P and ZnTCP-P, were synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [3-(N-ethylcarbazoyl)]porphyrin and its complex with Zn(II). Solid polymers consist of rods (diameter 100 nm, length ~100–500 nm) that form microporous structures on a surface. UV-visible absorption spectra in solution showed the Soret and Q bands characteristic of the corresponding constitutional porphyrins. In addition, the polymers presented two red emission bands with quantum yields ΦF = 0.11 for TCP-P and ΦF = 0.050 for ZnTCP-P. These compounds sensitized the production of singlet molecular oxygen with quantum yields of ΦΔ~0.3. Thus, the spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of the porphyrin units were maintained in the conjugates. The photodynamic activity induced by both polymers was tested to inactivate S. aureus. In cell suspensions, TCP-P was more effective than ZnTCP-P in killing bacteria. Viable S. aureus cells were not detected using 4 µM TCP-P after 20 min of irradiation. Moreover, both polymers showed a high photocytotoxic activity to eradicate S. aureus cells attached to a surface. The results indicate that these conjugated polymers can act as effective antimicrobial agents to photoinactivate pathogens.
{"title":"Photodynamic Polymers Constituted by Porphyrin Units as Antibacterial Materials","authors":"M. B. Ballatore, M. E. Pérez, Sofía C. Santamarina, J. Durantini, M. Milanesio, E. Durantini","doi":"10.3390/photochem2040057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2040057","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has emerged as a promising strategy to kill and eradicate pathogens. In this work, two polymers, TCP-P and ZnTCP-P, were synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [3-(N-ethylcarbazoyl)]porphyrin and its complex with Zn(II). Solid polymers consist of rods (diameter 100 nm, length ~100–500 nm) that form microporous structures on a surface. UV-visible absorption spectra in solution showed the Soret and Q bands characteristic of the corresponding constitutional porphyrins. In addition, the polymers presented two red emission bands with quantum yields ΦF = 0.11 for TCP-P and ΦF = 0.050 for ZnTCP-P. These compounds sensitized the production of singlet molecular oxygen with quantum yields of ΦΔ~0.3. Thus, the spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of the porphyrin units were maintained in the conjugates. The photodynamic activity induced by both polymers was tested to inactivate S. aureus. In cell suspensions, TCP-P was more effective than ZnTCP-P in killing bacteria. Viable S. aureus cells were not detected using 4 µM TCP-P after 20 min of irradiation. Moreover, both polymers showed a high photocytotoxic activity to eradicate S. aureus cells attached to a surface. The results indicate that these conjugated polymers can act as effective antimicrobial agents to photoinactivate pathogens.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040056
Kohei Kawabata, Ayano Miyoshi, H. Nishi
Photostabilization is an important methodology to ensure both the quality and quantity of photodegradable pharmaceuticals. The purpose of our study is to develop a photostabilization strategy focused on the addition of photostabilizers. In this study, the protective effects of selected polyphenols and antioxidants on naproxen (NPX) photodegradation in the solid state were evaluated. Residual amounts of NPX were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the protective effects of tested additives on NPX photodegradation induced by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation were evaluated. As a result, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol suppressed NPX photodegradation completely. When they were mixed with NPX, the residual amounts of NPX after UV irradiation were significantly higher compared to that without additives, and comparable to those of their control samples. In addition, to clarify the mechanisms of the highly protective effects of these additives on NPX photodegradation, their antioxidative potencies, and UV filtering potencies were determined. There was no correlation between photoprotective effects and antioxidative potencies among selected polyphenols and antioxidants although photoprotective additives showed more significant UV absorption compared to NPX. From these results, it is clarified that a higher UV filtering activity is necessary for a better photostabilizer to photodegradable pharmaceuticals in the solid state.
{"title":"Photoprotective Effects of Selected Polyphenols and Antioxidants on Naproxen Photodegradability in the Solid-State","authors":"Kohei Kawabata, Ayano Miyoshi, H. Nishi","doi":"10.3390/photochem2040056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem2040056","url":null,"abstract":"Photostabilization is an important methodology to ensure both the quality and quantity of photodegradable pharmaceuticals. The purpose of our study is to develop a photostabilization strategy focused on the addition of photostabilizers. In this study, the protective effects of selected polyphenols and antioxidants on naproxen (NPX) photodegradation in the solid state were evaluated. Residual amounts of NPX were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the protective effects of tested additives on NPX photodegradation induced by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation were evaluated. As a result, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol suppressed NPX photodegradation completely. When they were mixed with NPX, the residual amounts of NPX after UV irradiation were significantly higher compared to that without additives, and comparable to those of their control samples. In addition, to clarify the mechanisms of the highly protective effects of these additives on NPX photodegradation, their antioxidative potencies, and UV filtering potencies were determined. There was no correlation between photoprotective effects and antioxidative potencies among selected polyphenols and antioxidants although photoprotective additives showed more significant UV absorption compared to NPX. From these results, it is clarified that a higher UV filtering activity is necessary for a better photostabilizer to photodegradable pharmaceuticals in the solid state.","PeriodicalId":74440,"journal":{"name":"Photochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43483006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3390/photochem2040055
L. E. Gomes, L. F. Plaça, W. S. Rosa, R. V. Goncalves, Sajjad Ullah, H. Wender
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 or BVO) is one of the most studied photocatalysts for water oxidation because of its excellent visible light absorption and appropriate band energy positions. However, BVO presents a low charge mobility and a high electron–hole recombination rate. To address these fundamental limitations, this study proposes the coating of previously synthesized phase-pure monoclinic scheelite BVO with different amounts of naked cobalt (further oxidized to cobalt hydroxide) nanoparticles (NPs) via a modified magnetron sputtering deposition. The resulting BVO/Co photocatalysts were investigated for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation, photocatalytic oxygen evolution, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. In the MB photodegradation tests, the BVO/Co sample prepared with a deposition time of 5 min (BVO/Co(5 min)) presented the highest photoactivity (k = 0.06 min−1) compared with the other sputtering investigated times (k = 0.01–0.02 min−1), as well as the pristine BVO sample (k = 0.04 min−1). A similar trend was evidenced for the PEC water oxidation, where a photocurrent density of 23 µA.cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE) was observed for the BVO/Co(5 min) sample, a value 4.6 times higher compared with pristine BVO. Finally, the BVO/Co(5 min) presented an O2 evolution more than two times higher than that of the pristine BVO. The increased photocatalytic performance was ascribed to increased visible-light absorption, lesser electron–hole recombination, and enhanced charge transfer at the liquid/solid interface. The deposition of Co(OH)2 NPs via magnetron sputtering can be considered an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of BVO for different target catalytic reactions, including oxygen evolution, water oxidation, and pollutant photodegradation.
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