Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.36
A. Kazemisaeid, A. Bozorgi, A. Y. Sharif, G. Davoodi, S. Sadeghian, Enseyeh Dogmehchi, H. Sadeghian, M. Sheikhvatan
{"title":"PREDICTIVE POWER OF THE BASELINE QRS COMPLEX DURATION FOR CLINICAL RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY","authors":"A. Kazemisaeid, A. Bozorgi, A. Y. Sharif, G. Davoodi, S. Sadeghian, Enseyeh Dogmehchi, H. Sadeghian, M. Sheikhvatan","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.24
A. Sierra, L. Ruilope
{"title":"OFFICE AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE IN OBESE AND ABDOMINALLY OBESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS","authors":"A. Sierra, L. Ruilope","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/ejcm.20424884.31
G. Giannoglou, A. Antoniadis, K. Koskinas, Y. Chatzizisis
Differences in the prevalence, extent and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the left coronary artery (LCA) versus the right coronary artery (RCA) have come to the fore, as they may influence the clinical presentation, complications and subsequent management of coronary artery disease. Data from descriptive epidemiological studies suggest a higher susceptibility of the LCA for atherosclerosis in comparison to the RCA. Altered haemodynamics, as a result of the different forces exerted in LCA and RCA during the cardiac cycle, affect blood flow properties and favour the development of regions with low or oscillatory endothelial shear stress in the LCA, thereby promoting atherogenesis. Increased wall stress in the LCA, as well as the complex three dimensional geometric configuration of the coronary arteries in combination with the divergent dynamic structural alterations they undergo during the cardiac cycle may also contribute to the above disparity in atherosclerosis susceptibility between RCA and LCA. Further analytical research in the above factors is warranted to elucidate the precise pathoplysiologic mechanisms of coronary atherosclerosis.
{"title":"DIFFERENCE IN THE LOCALISATION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BETWEEN THE LEFT AND RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SYSTEM","authors":"G. Giannoglou, A. Antoniadis, K. Koskinas, Y. Chatzizisis","doi":"10.5083/ejcm.20424884.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/ejcm.20424884.31","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in the prevalence, extent and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the left coronary artery (LCA) versus the right coronary artery (RCA) have come to the fore, as they may influence the clinical presentation, complications and subsequent management of coronary artery disease. Data from descriptive epidemiological studies suggest a higher susceptibility of the LCA for atherosclerosis in comparison to the RCA. Altered haemodynamics, as a result of the different forces exerted in LCA and RCA during the cardiac cycle, affect blood flow properties and favour the development of regions with low or oscillatory endothelial shear stress in the LCA, thereby promoting atherogenesis. Increased wall stress in the LCA, as well as the complex three dimensional geometric configuration of the coronary arteries in combination with the divergent dynamic structural alterations they undergo during the cardiac cycle may also contribute to the above disparity in atherosclerosis susceptibility between RCA and LCA. Further analytical research in the above factors is warranted to elucidate the precise pathoplysiologic mechanisms of coronary atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/ejcm.20424884.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.26
I. Ott, D. Herzzentrum, A. Stein, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Technischen
Erythropoietin produced mainly in the kidney is the main regulator of erythropoiesis. Experimental studies identified additional, non-haematopoietic, protective effects during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion due to inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of vasculogenesis and progenitor cell mobilisation. Based on these findings, five prospective, randomised, clinical trials have been performed. A short term regimen of erythropoietin was applied during PCI in patients with STEMI up to a cumulative dose of 100.000 IU. No changes in myocardial function or infarct size were observed after erythropoietin. Yet in two studies an increase in adverse events after erythropoietin was observed, whereas one study found an increase in major adverse clinical events in the control group. This review discusses experimental evidence of erythropoietin in acute myocardial infarction and its failure in clinical trials.
{"title":"Erythropoietin in Myocardial Infarction: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Studies","authors":"I. Ott, D. Herzzentrum, A. Stein, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Technischen","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.26","url":null,"abstract":"Erythropoietin produced mainly in the kidney is the main regulator of erythropoiesis. Experimental studies identified additional, non-haematopoietic, protective effects during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion due to inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of vasculogenesis and progenitor cell mobilisation. Based on these findings, five prospective, randomised, clinical trials have been performed. A short term regimen of erythropoietin was applied during PCI in patients with STEMI up to a cumulative dose of 100.000 IU. No changes in myocardial function or infarct size were observed after erythropoietin. Yet in two studies an increase in adverse events after erythropoietin was observed, whereas one study found an increase in major adverse clinical events in the control group. This review discusses experimental evidence of erythropoietin in acute myocardial infarction and its failure in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.35
E. Hrycek, W. Wojakowski
Age is an important prognostic factor in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The progress in molecular biology resulted in the introduction of the notion of biological age which facilitates the objective estimation of the organism's regenerative potential. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of several aspects of biological age on the development and progression of coronary heart disease. The term biological age is defined and its markers are characterised. The influence of risk factors for coronary heart disease and heart failure on biological age is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the clinical aspects of cellular senescence in car- diovascular system.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL AGE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE","authors":"E. Hrycek, W. Wojakowski","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.35","url":null,"abstract":"Age is an important prognostic factor in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The progress in molecular biology resulted in the introduction of the notion of biological age which facilitates the objective estimation of the organism's regenerative potential. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of several aspects of biological age on the development and progression of coronary heart disease. The term biological age is defined and its markers are characterised. The influence of risk factors for coronary heart disease and heart failure on biological age is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the clinical aspects of cellular senescence in car- diovascular system.","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.28
F. Piscione, R. Rosa, G. Galasso, Guido Iaccarino, S. Cassese, R. Piccolo, T. Strisciuglio
{"title":"Impact of PlA2 Polymorphism on Cardiovascular Disease and Outcome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives","authors":"F. Piscione, R. Rosa, G. Galasso, Guido Iaccarino, S. Cassese, R. Piccolo, T. Strisciuglio","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.25
N. Al-Attar, P. Nataf
(AS) is currently the most common cause of AS in adults and the most frequent reason for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in these patients. Its incidence is on the rise since this pathology is a disease of ageing and the population is getting older.1 The natural history of AS has shown that in the absence of surgical management the patient develops progressive invalidating symptoms of syncope and angina. The mortality tively, from congestive heart failure.2 Indication for surgery arises when the severity of the ste-
{"title":"When is it Too Late for Aortic Valve Surgery","authors":"N. Al-Attar, P. Nataf","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.25","url":null,"abstract":"(AS) is currently the most common cause of AS in adults and the most frequent reason for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in these patients. Its incidence is on the rise since this pathology is a disease of ageing and the population is getting older.1 The natural history of AS has shown that in the absence of surgical management the patient develops progressive invalidating symptoms of syncope and angina. The mortality tively, from congestive heart failure.2 Indication for surgery arises when the severity of the ste-","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.37
G. Keulenaer
Diagnosing and managing heart failure according to the left ventricle’s ejection fraction (LVEF) has become part of evidence-based medicine. Not surprisingly, LVEF - a powerful prognostic factor in heart failure - has caused a marked heterogeneity in the clinical benefit of various therapeutic interventions. From a pathophysiological point of view, however, many disease characteristics are shared among the entire heart failure spectrum (from low to high LVEF). The many functional and anatomical differences within the spectrum are merely quantitative, with an extensive overlap between the extremes of the spectrum and belonging to the same linear relation when plotted against LVEF. Therefore, although counter-intuitive from a clinical point of view, from a pathophysiological point of view heart failure seems to progress along a common disease trajectory independently of LVEF. In this review, we will scrutinise this apparent paradox, estimate how it relates to the recent biomarker-oriented (as opposed to a classic LVEF-oriented) approach to heart failure and discuss to what extent it may affect conceptual progress in chronic heart failure.
{"title":"Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers … and Beyond!","authors":"G. Keulenaer","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.37","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosing and managing heart failure according to the left ventricle’s ejection fraction (LVEF) has become part of evidence-based medicine. Not surprisingly, LVEF - a powerful prognostic factor in heart failure - has caused a marked heterogeneity in the clinical benefit of various therapeutic interventions. From a pathophysiological point of view, however, many disease characteristics are shared among the entire heart failure spectrum (from low to high LVEF). The many functional and anatomical differences within the spectrum are merely quantitative, with an extensive overlap between the extremes of the spectrum and belonging to the same linear relation when plotted against LVEF. Therefore, although counter-intuitive from a clinical point of view, from a pathophysiological point of view heart failure seems to progress along a common disease trajectory independently of LVEF. In this review, we will scrutinise this apparent paradox, estimate how it relates to the recent biomarker-oriented (as opposed to a classic LVEF-oriented) approach to heart failure and discuss to what extent it may affect conceptual progress in chronic heart failure.","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/ejcm.20424884.30
A. Nusca, R. Melfi, G. Patti, G. Sciascio
Statins exert beneficial effects on the endothelium, inflammation and the coagulation cascade that are independent of cholesterol lowering. The main mechanism underlying these effects is inhibi tion of isoprenoid synthesis, modulating the inflammatory cascade and the endothelial activation reliable of atherosclerosis. Different studies demonstrated that statins improve endothelial function in patients with stable atherosclerotic plaque and that this effect is dose-dependent. Statins may modulate endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, as demonstrated in the ARMYDA-CAMS, and may enhance mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells. Elevated C-reactive protein levels, an inflammatory marker that also plays a direct pathogenetic role in the atherosclerotic process, have been correlated with worse outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. Multiple studies demonstrated that statin attenuates the rise of inflammatory markers and improves clinical outcome in patients with stable angina, unstable angina and non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction. During percutaneous coronary intervention randomised trials showed a benefical effect of statin pre-treatment in reducing peri-procedural myocardial damage probably by plaque stabilisation and inhibition of microembolisation phenomena during stent implantation. The ARMYDA study and the NAPLES II trial demonstrated this beneficial effect in patients undergoing coronary revascularisation for stable angina. Also in patients with ACS, receiving invasive strategy, the role of statins in preventing peri-procedural damage was demonstrated in the ARMYDA-ACS study by the administration of an acute high loading-dose with atorvastatin. In patients already on chronic statin therapy at the time of the procedure, an acute drug reload before stenting would have cardioprotective effects, like demonstrated in the ARMYDA RECAPTURE study.
{"title":"LDL-LOWERING INDEPENDENT EFFECTS OF EARLY PRE-TREATMENT WITH HIGH-DOSE STATINS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS","authors":"A. Nusca, R. Melfi, G. Patti, G. Sciascio","doi":"10.5083/ejcm.20424884.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/ejcm.20424884.30","url":null,"abstract":"Statins exert beneficial effects on the endothelium, inflammation and the coagulation cascade that are independent of cholesterol lowering. The main mechanism underlying these effects is inhibi tion of isoprenoid synthesis, modulating the inflammatory cascade and the endothelial activation reliable of atherosclerosis. Different studies demonstrated that statins improve endothelial function in patients with stable atherosclerotic plaque and that this effect is dose-dependent. Statins may modulate endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, as demonstrated in the ARMYDA-CAMS, and may enhance mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells. Elevated C-reactive protein levels, an inflammatory marker that also plays a direct pathogenetic role in the atherosclerotic process, have been correlated with worse outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. Multiple studies demonstrated that statin attenuates the rise of inflammatory markers and improves clinical outcome in patients with stable angina, unstable angina and non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction. During percutaneous coronary intervention randomised trials showed a benefical effect of statin pre-treatment in reducing peri-procedural myocardial damage probably by plaque stabilisation and inhibition of microembolisation phenomena during stent implantation. The ARMYDA study and the NAPLES II trial demonstrated this beneficial effect in patients undergoing coronary revascularisation for stable angina. Also in patients with ACS, receiving invasive strategy, the role of statins in preventing peri-procedural damage was demonstrated in the ARMYDA-ACS study by the administration of an acute high loading-dose with atorvastatin. In patients already on chronic statin therapy at the time of the procedure, an acute drug reload before stenting would have cardioprotective effects, like demonstrated in the ARMYDA RECAPTURE study.","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/ejcm.20424884.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-20DOI: 10.5083/EJCM.20424884.29
M. Nejatian, Manijeh Zarghampou, A. Karimi, M. Sheikhvatan
Diabetes mellitus is a common risk profile and quality-of-life damaging factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and an important leading cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. According to the American Diabetes Association report, although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among general population was estimated at less than 9%, this estimated prevalence in ACS patients is considerably higher (1-3).
{"title":"The Benefit of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme on Cardiovascular and Exercise Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The First Study Among the Iranian Population","authors":"M. Nejatian, Manijeh Zarghampou, A. Karimi, M. Sheikhvatan","doi":"10.5083/EJCM.20424884.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.29","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a common risk profile and quality-of-life damaging factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and an important leading cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. According to the American Diabetes Association report, although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among general population was estimated at less than 9%, this estimated prevalence in ACS patients is considerably higher (1-3).","PeriodicalId":75000,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cardiovascular medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5083/EJCM.20424884.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70860873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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