Raksha Sreeramachandra Murthy, Christina N Kraus, Felicia Lane, Zhongping Chen
Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that leads to scarring and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. It presents clinically as atrophic white patches or plaques, often with associated fissures, erosions, hyperkeratosis, purpura or ecchymoses. The chronic inflammation in vulvar lichen sclerosus leads to permanent scarring, resulting in pain syndromes and genitourinary complications. While diagnosis is often made clinically, skin biopsies are considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Additionally, biopsies are often required throughout the course of the disease to monitor for the development of malignancy. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, high-sensitivity, real-time imaging to evaluate vulvar lichen sclerosus changes. This study presents a proof-of-concept evaluation of a 1.7-μm optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) system with enhanced penetration depth and high resolution for characterizing the structural and microvascular features of VLS. The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using this imaging technology to quantitatively measure vulvar epithelial thickness and vascular changes across different anatomical sites (labia majora, labia minora, and interlabial sulci) in both VLS patients and healthy controls. By leveraging the increased penetration depth of the 1.7-μm OCT system, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of VLS-associated tissue alterations and explore its potential as a non-invasive alternative to biopsies for disease assessment and monitoring.
{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Assessment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Vascularity and Epithelial Thickness In Vivo.","authors":"Raksha Sreeramachandra Murthy, Christina N Kraus, Felicia Lane, Zhongping Chen","doi":"10.1002/tbio.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tbio.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that leads to scarring and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma. It presents clinically as atrophic white patches or plaques, often with associated fissures, erosions, hyperkeratosis, purpura or ecchymoses. The chronic inflammation in vulvar lichen sclerosus leads to permanent scarring, resulting in pain syndromes and genitourinary complications. While diagnosis is often made clinically, skin biopsies are considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Additionally, biopsies are often required throughout the course of the disease to monitor for the development of malignancy. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, high-sensitivity, real-time imaging to evaluate vulvar lichen sclerosus changes. This study presents a proof-of-concept evaluation of a 1.7-μm optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) system with enhanced penetration depth and high resolution for characterizing the structural and microvascular features of VLS. The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using this imaging technology to quantitatively measure vulvar epithelial thickness and vascular changes across different anatomical sites (labia majora, labia minora, and interlabial sulci) in both VLS patients and healthy controls. By leveraging the increased penetration depth of the 1.7-μm OCT system, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of VLS-associated tissue alterations and explore its potential as a non-invasive alternative to biopsies for disease assessment and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shonit N. Sharma, Jordan W. Marsh, Michael S. Tsipursky, Stephen A. Boppart
Abstract We analyzed ophthalmic retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to identify retinal layer thickness and ratio changes that may serve as image‐based biomarkers for the disease. One three‐dimensional volume before and one after diagnosis for each of 48 patients were segmented to identify retinal layer and total retinal thicknesses. Between before‐ and after‐diagnosis retinal OCT images, there were significant thickness changes in six of 10 (60%) retinal layers across all 48 patients. Through a comparison with age‐matched healthy subjects, the significant changes were attributed to AD only (NFL and PR2 layers), age only (GCL, IPL, and RPE layers), or both AD and age (OPL layer). Analyzing ratios of retinal layer thicknesses, 53 of 90 (58.89%) ratios had significant changes. The four independently nonsignificant layers were assessed to be affected by neither AD nor age (INL layer) or both AD and age (ELM, PR1, and BM layers). The demonstrated image segmentation, measurement, and ratiometric analysis of retinal layers in AD patients may yield a noninvasive OCT image‐based retinal biomarker that can be used to detect retinal changes associated with this disease.
{"title":"Ratiometric Analysis of <i>In Vivo</i> Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Layer Thicknesses for Detection of Changes in Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Shonit N. Sharma, Jordan W. Marsh, Michael S. Tsipursky, Stephen A. Boppart","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202300003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202300003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analyzed ophthalmic retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to identify retinal layer thickness and ratio changes that may serve as image‐based biomarkers for the disease. One three‐dimensional volume before and one after diagnosis for each of 48 patients were segmented to identify retinal layer and total retinal thicknesses. Between before‐ and after‐diagnosis retinal OCT images, there were significant thickness changes in six of 10 (60%) retinal layers across all 48 patients. Through a comparison with age‐matched healthy subjects, the significant changes were attributed to AD only (NFL and PR2 layers), age only (GCL, IPL, and RPE layers), or both AD and age (OPL layer). Analyzing ratios of retinal layer thicknesses, 53 of 90 (58.89%) ratios had significant changes. The four independently nonsignificant layers were assessed to be affected by neither AD nor age (INL layer) or both AD and age (ELM, PR1, and BM layers). The demonstrated image segmentation, measurement, and ratiometric analysis of retinal layers in AD patients may yield a noninvasive OCT image‐based retinal biomarker that can be used to detect retinal changes associated with this disease.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pi‐Yun Chen, Chia‐Hung Lin, Hung‐Yao Peng, Feng‐Zhou Zhang, Chung‐Dann Kan
Abstract Chest x‐ray (CXR) examination is a common first‐line, non‐invasive, and rapid screening method in clinical examinations. The posteroanterior (PA) and anteroposterior (AP) view modes can both be used to detect related cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pneumonitis, tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung tumors, and cardiomegaly. Compared with cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging methods, CXR examination has a short scanning duration and costs less, and is suitable for routine and follow‐up health examinations. Cardiomegaly is an asymptomatic disease in the early stage and cannot be detected through electrocardiography measurements. Thus, early cardiomegaly classes detections, such as cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation, can help make decisions regarding drug treatments and surgeries. In addition, an automatic assistive tool is required to differentiate between normal individuals and those with cardiomegaly to address the problem of manual inspection and labor shortage. Hence, PA view‐based CXR classification is used to develop a deep learning (DL)‐based high‐dimensional multiple regression analysis (MRA) model for CXR image classification in rapid cardiomegaly screening. This multilayer network model uses a two‐channel three‐layer convolution‐normalization‐pooling process with two‐dimensional (2D) multi convolution operations to enhance images and to extract feature patterns; and then a one‐dimensional feature conversion is used to estimate the four coordinate points of the maximal horizontal cardiac diameter (MHCD) and maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (MHTD), which can be used to estimate cardiothoracic ratio and detect cardiomegaly. For experimental tests, the training and testing datasets are collected from the National Institutes of Health CXR Image Database (Clinical Center, USA), and 10‐fold cross‐validation was used for model evaluation in terms of precision (%), recall (%), accuracy (%), and F1 score. These indexes are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed MRA estimator. In addition, the performances of the proposed model are compared with those of conventional DL‐based multilayer classifiers.
{"title":"Deep Learning‐based <scp>High‐Dimensional</scp> Multiple Regression Estimator for Chest X‐ray Image Classification in Rapid Cardiomegaly Screening","authors":"Pi‐Yun Chen, Chia‐Hung Lin, Hung‐Yao Peng, Feng‐Zhou Zhang, Chung‐Dann Kan","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202300005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202300005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chest x‐ray (CXR) examination is a common first‐line, non‐invasive, and rapid screening method in clinical examinations. The posteroanterior (PA) and anteroposterior (AP) view modes can both be used to detect related cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pneumonitis, tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung tumors, and cardiomegaly. Compared with cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging methods, CXR examination has a short scanning duration and costs less, and is suitable for routine and follow‐up health examinations. Cardiomegaly is an asymptomatic disease in the early stage and cannot be detected through electrocardiography measurements. Thus, early cardiomegaly classes detections, such as cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation, can help make decisions regarding drug treatments and surgeries. In addition, an automatic assistive tool is required to differentiate between normal individuals and those with cardiomegaly to address the problem of manual inspection and labor shortage. Hence, PA view‐based CXR classification is used to develop a deep learning (DL)‐based high‐dimensional multiple regression analysis (MRA) model for CXR image classification in rapid cardiomegaly screening. This multilayer network model uses a two‐channel three‐layer convolution‐normalization‐pooling process with two‐dimensional (2D) multi convolution operations to enhance images and to extract feature patterns; and then a one‐dimensional feature conversion is used to estimate the four coordinate points of the maximal horizontal cardiac diameter (MHCD) and maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (MHTD), which can be used to estimate cardiothoracic ratio and detect cardiomegaly. For experimental tests, the training and testing datasets are collected from the National Institutes of Health CXR Image Database (Clinical Center, USA), and 10‐fold cross‐validation was used for model evaluation in terms of precision (%), recall (%), accuracy (%), and F1 score. These indexes are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed MRA estimator. In addition, the performances of the proposed model are compared with those of conventional DL‐based multilayer classifiers.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical translation of new diagnostic or therapeutic approaches is one of the gate keepers in the evolution of patient management. Photonics-based diagnostic technologies are spearheading clinical translation. In 2021, the publication count for searches of “Photodynamic (-therapy OR -diagnosis) AND clinical translation” started to pick up significantly. Indeed since 2021, 229 works are listed in Clarivate's Web of Science, of which 129 are reviews exemplifying the interest in this topic. In all works, nanotechnology-related investigations are dominant, but other developments in photosensitizer design are also prominent. Over 60% of all listed publications are generated by researchers from the People's Republic of China, reflecting the keen interest in enabling photodynamic therapy as cost-competitive therapy for oncology and other clinical indications. In late 2021, we set out to obtain an update on the translational status of photodynamic diagnostics and therapeutics with a special call for Translational Biophotonics. While only seven manuscripts were accepted for this issue, some of the trends observed during the Web of Science search are also noticed here. The vast majority of the accepted manuscripts originate from the People's Republic of China. Retrospective analyses of previously treated patient cohorts are dominant [1–4], covering keloids, genital warts, port-wine stain (PWS) and condyloma acuminatum treatment, indicating the predominance of these superficial non-oncological indications over oncological therapies in clinical translation. These clinical studies investigated PDT either as an adjuvant to standard therapies (as in the case of surgery for keloid treatment [1]) or as stand-alone therapy vs standard therapies (as in the case of PWS [2], condyloma acuminatum (with prior hair removal) [3] and genital warts [4]). While none of these studies resulted in game-changing advantages of PDT vs standard therapy or of PDT as adjuvant therapy or in combination with adjuvant measures, some reduction in recurrence in keloids, genital warts and port-wine stains were noted. All publications reported an increase in patient satisfaction due to the treatment. Patient acceptance is an often-underappreciated parameter for the widespread adoption of a novel therapy. The port-wine stain study is reporting a 10-year follow-up with stable results. Similar observations were also noted by van Raath et al [5], who reported no improvement in PWS outcome over the past 3 decades. The manuscript by Yao et al [6] reports on an oncological clinical study on chlorin e6 derivative mediated PDT treatments on 18 patients with cervical and vaginal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Very high rates of complete response and HPV remission were observed at the 6-month follow-up, higher than achieved, for example, with ALA-induced PpIX as reported recently [7, 8]. Shi et al demonstrated that combining surgery and two ALA-induced PpIX-mediated PDT treatments was s
新的诊断或治疗方法的临床翻译是病人管理发展的守门人之一。基于光子学的诊断技术正在引领临床转化。2021年，“光动力(治疗或诊断)和临床翻译”的搜索量开始显著增加。事实上，自2021年以来，Clarivate的Web of Science中列出了229篇文章，其中129篇是对该主题感兴趣的评论。在所有工作中，纳米技术相关的研究占主导地位，但光敏剂设计的其他发展也很突出。在所有列出的出版物中，超过60%是由中华人民共和国的研究人员产生的，这反映了人们对使光动力疗法成为肿瘤和其他临床适应症的具有成本竞争力的疗法的浓厚兴趣。在2021年底，我们开始获得光动力学诊断和治疗的转化状态的更新，特别呼吁转化生物光子学。虽然这期只有7篇手稿被接受，但在Web of Science搜索期间观察到的一些趋势也在这里得到了注意。绝大多数被接受的手稿来自中华人民共和国。回顾性分析先前治疗的患者队列占主导地位[1-4]，涵盖瘢痕疙瘩，生殖器疣，葡萄酒斑痣(PWS)和尖锐湿疣治疗，表明这些表面的非肿瘤适应症在临床翻译中比肿瘤治疗更占优势。这些临床研究调查了PDT作为标准治疗的辅助治疗(如手术治疗瘢痕疙瘩[1])或作为独立治疗与标准治疗(如PWS[2]，尖锐湿疣[3]和生殖器疣[4])。虽然这些研究都没有得出PDT与标准治疗或PDT作为辅助治疗或与辅助措施联合治疗的优势，但注意到瘢痕疙瘩，生殖器疣和葡萄酒斑的复发率有所降低。所有出版物都报道了治疗后患者满意度的提高。患者接受度是广泛采用一种新疗法的一个经常被低估的参数。波特酒染色研究报告了10年的随访，结果稳定。van Raath等人也注意到了类似的观察结果，他们报告在过去30年中PWS的结果没有改善。Yao等[0]的手稿报道了氯e6衍生物介导PDT治疗18例宫颈和阴道低级别鳞状上皮内病变的肿瘤学临床研究。在6个月的随访中观察到非常高的完全缓解率和HPV缓解率，高于最近报道的ala诱导PpIX的达到率[7,8]。Shi等人证实，手术联合两次ala诱导的ppix介导的PDT治疗成功治疗了一例角膜棘层瘤样鳞状细胞癌[9]。自2020年以来，在Web of Science上，当仅限于临床研究时，搜索词“纳米技术和(癌症或肿瘤学)”列出了5000多篇文章。因此，Gaber和Fadel bb0对14项基于纳米颗粒的PDT研究进行综述是及时的。就上述临床研究而言，正在进行的纳米颗粒介导的PDT临床试验主要集中在非肿瘤适应症上，从痤疮、疣、白癜风到头癣。纳米粒子制剂的主要优点之一是克服了大多数光敏剂的疏水性，从而实现了多模式治疗(化疗和热疗法)。纳米结构的亲水性使光敏剂能够在亚细胞区室中积累。我们感谢帮助作者改进其结果展示的审稿人和《华尔街日报》的工作人员，感谢他们专业地完成了这一期。
{"title":"Translation of photodynamic therapy and photodiagnostics into the clinic: Status and obstacles","authors":"A. Rühm, Xiuli Wang, L. Lilge","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202380001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202380001","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical translation of new diagnostic or therapeutic approaches is one of the gate keepers in the evolution of patient management. Photonics-based diagnostic technologies are spearheading clinical translation. In 2021, the publication count for searches of “Photodynamic (-therapy OR -diagnosis) AND clinical translation” started to pick up significantly. Indeed since 2021, 229 works are listed in Clarivate's Web of Science, of which 129 are reviews exemplifying the interest in this topic. In all works, nanotechnology-related investigations are dominant, but other developments in photosensitizer design are also prominent. Over 60% of all listed publications are generated by researchers from the People's Republic of China, reflecting the keen interest in enabling photodynamic therapy as cost-competitive therapy for oncology and other clinical indications. In late 2021, we set out to obtain an update on the translational status of photodynamic diagnostics and therapeutics with a special call for Translational Biophotonics. While only seven manuscripts were accepted for this issue, some of the trends observed during the Web of Science search are also noticed here. The vast majority of the accepted manuscripts originate from the People's Republic of China. Retrospective analyses of previously treated patient cohorts are dominant [1–4], covering keloids, genital warts, port-wine stain (PWS) and condyloma acuminatum treatment, indicating the predominance of these superficial non-oncological indications over oncological therapies in clinical translation. These clinical studies investigated PDT either as an adjuvant to standard therapies (as in the case of surgery for keloid treatment [1]) or as stand-alone therapy vs standard therapies (as in the case of PWS [2], condyloma acuminatum (with prior hair removal) [3] and genital warts [4]). While none of these studies resulted in game-changing advantages of PDT vs standard therapy or of PDT as adjuvant therapy or in combination with adjuvant measures, some reduction in recurrence in keloids, genital warts and port-wine stains were noted. All publications reported an increase in patient satisfaction due to the treatment. Patient acceptance is an often-underappreciated parameter for the widespread adoption of a novel therapy. The port-wine stain study is reporting a 10-year follow-up with stable results. Similar observations were also noted by van Raath et al [5], who reported no improvement in PWS outcome over the past 3 decades. The manuscript by Yao et al [6] reports on an oncological clinical study on chlorin e6 derivative mediated PDT treatments on 18 patients with cervical and vaginal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Very high rates of complete response and HPV remission were observed at the 6-month follow-up, higher than achieved, for example, with ALA-induced PpIX as reported recently [7, 8]. Shi et al demonstrated that combining surgery and two ALA-induced PpIX-mediated PDT treatments was s","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hematoporphyrin monomethyl Ether‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME‐PDT) is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with port‐wine stain (PWS) and might be an alternative approach for treating PWS. The data of long‐term follow‐up of HMME‐mediated PDT are limited.
{"title":"Ten‐year long‐term results following HMME‐PDT therapy for port‐wine stain","authors":"Wenjia Nie, Xue Wang, Yan Liu, J. Tao, Yan Li","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202200004","url":null,"abstract":"Hematoporphyrin monomethyl Ether‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME‐PDT) is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with port‐wine stain (PWS) and might be an alternative approach for treating PWS. The data of long‐term follow‐up of HMME‐mediated PDT are limited.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44514594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High recurrence rate and adverse effects were common shortcomings in treatments for genital warts, but a number of clinical studies have found that photodynamic therapy (PDT) had some unique superiority compared to other treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDT for genital warts in comparison to alternative treatments. Seven databases and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched and seven randomized controlled trials were finally included. There was no significant difference in clearance rate of urethral lesions between the PDT group and the CO2 laser therapy (CO2‐LT group) (Odds ratio [OR] 0.676, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.071–6.426, P = 0.734), but the overall clearance rate of all genital warts was slightly lower for PDT (OR 0.574, CI 0.335–0.985, P = 0.044). The recurrence rate after PDT was significantly lower than after CO2‐LT (OR 0.318, CI 0.220–0.460, P < 0.001), and adverse effects were also slighter after PDT (OR 0.015, CI 0.003–0.074, P < 0.001). In addition, a modification of parameters of light irradiation provides the potential to alleviate pain. This study shows that PDT is an effective treatment for genital warts with good tolerability and safety, especially for cavitary lesions. Some modified protocols probably have the potential to reduce adverse effects, but still need further investigation.
{"title":"Topical photodynamic therapy for genital warts: Systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"Zhi Cao, Peiru Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Linglin Zhang, Guolong Zhang, Xiuli Wang","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202200008","url":null,"abstract":"High recurrence rate and adverse effects were common shortcomings in treatments for genital warts, but a number of clinical studies have found that photodynamic therapy (PDT) had some unique superiority compared to other treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDT for genital warts in comparison to alternative treatments. Seven databases and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched and seven randomized controlled trials were finally included. There was no significant difference in clearance rate of urethral lesions between the PDT group and the CO2 laser therapy (CO2‐LT group) (Odds ratio [OR] 0.676, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.071–6.426, P = 0.734), but the overall clearance rate of all genital warts was slightly lower for PDT (OR 0.574, CI 0.335–0.985, P = 0.044). The recurrence rate after PDT was significantly lower than after CO2‐LT (OR 0.318, CI 0.220–0.460, P < 0.001), and adverse effects were also slighter after PDT (OR 0.015, CI 0.003–0.074, P < 0.001). In addition, a modification of parameters of light irradiation provides the potential to alleviate pain. This study shows that PDT is an effective treatment for genital warts with good tolerability and safety, especially for cavitary lesions. Some modified protocols probably have the potential to reduce adverse effects, but still need further investigation.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47399372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan G. Porter, Ryan M. Nolan, Michael Novak, Jon Youakim, Ryan L. Shelton
Childhood ear infections are highly prevalent and diagnosed with the otoscope, a simple tool that illuminates and magnifies the eardrum to subjectively assess color, translucency and presence of any middle ear fluid. Frequently, however, this view is obstructed by cerumen, complicating clinician assessment and appropriate and effective management. An optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐otoscope capable of capturing both depth‐resolved OCT images and digital color surface images was used to compare OCT against otoscopy for imageability and readability despite cerumen obstruction. Image data were collected from 26 human subjects and read by 12 blinded clinicians and 5 blinded OCT experts. An average of 64.6% of otoscopy views were obstructed. For cases with >75% otoscopy view obstruction, OCT imageability was 84.6%, while otoscopy imageability was 37.5%, excluding complete obstruction cases. OCT‐otoscopy is a promising technology to improve practical middle ear assessment despite the presence of obstructions that frequently render current diagnostic assessments ineffective.
{"title":"Use of optical coherence tomography otoscopy to overcome cerumen and other view obstructions during ear examination and assessment","authors":"Ryan G. Porter, Ryan M. Nolan, Michael Novak, Jon Youakim, Ryan L. Shelton","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202200017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202200017","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood ear infections are highly prevalent and diagnosed with the otoscope, a simple tool that illuminates and magnifies the eardrum to subjectively assess color, translucency and presence of any middle ear fluid. Frequently, however, this view is obstructed by cerumen, complicating clinician assessment and appropriate and effective management. An optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐otoscope capable of capturing both depth‐resolved OCT images and digital color surface images was used to compare OCT against otoscopy for imageability and readability despite cerumen obstruction. Image data were collected from 26 human subjects and read by 12 blinded clinicians and 5 blinded OCT experts. An average of 64.6% of otoscopy views were obstructed. For cases with >75% otoscopy view obstruction, OCT imageability was 84.6%, while otoscopy imageability was 37.5%, excluding complete obstruction cases. OCT‐otoscopy is a promising technology to improve practical middle ear assessment despite the presence of obstructions that frequently render current diagnostic assessments ineffective.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47090530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently applied clinically in many medical centers worldwide. The clinical outcomes are from one side satisfying and from the other side highlighting the areas of further development. Issues like hydrophobicity of the photosensitizer (PS), uncontrolled distribution and limited tissue penetration of the accompanying light sources triggered the interest of many research groups. Nanotechnology outstood among the various suggested enhancement solutions. In this review, the rationale behind using nanotechnology is discussed. Light is shed on the status of nanotechnology from approval for clinical use. Clinical studies of PS‐loaded nanoparticles are summarized and the challenges facing the progress of those systems are enumerated.
{"title":"Nanotechnology and photodynamic therapy from a clinical perspective","authors":"Sara A. Abdel Gaber, M. Fadel","doi":"10.1002/tbio.202200016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202200016","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently applied clinically in many medical centers worldwide. The clinical outcomes are from one side satisfying and from the other side highlighting the areas of further development. Issues like hydrophobicity of the photosensitizer (PS), uncontrolled distribution and limited tissue penetration of the accompanying light sources triggered the interest of many research groups. Nanotechnology outstood among the various suggested enhancement solutions. In this review, the rationale behind using nanotechnology is discussed. Light is shed on the status of nanotechnology from approval for clinical use. Clinical studies of PS‐loaded nanoparticles are summarized and the challenges facing the progress of those systems are enumerated.","PeriodicalId":75242,"journal":{"name":"Translational biophotonics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41778766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号