Acta urologica Belgica最新文献

Objective: We retrospectively investigated 58 patients suffering from 60 staghorn calculi, who were treated with primary extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy, in order to determine long-term results and the fate of the residual stones.

Material and methods: Mean follow-up was 72.4 months. There were 49 partial staghorn calculi (C4) and 11 complete C5 stones according to Rocco's classification. The mean number of ESWL sessions needed for disintegration was 3.6. The mean amount of shockwaves was 10,244. ESWL monotherapy alone was performed in 26 staghorn calculi (43.3%). In treating the other 34 staghorn calculi 56 auxiliary procedures were necessary.

Results: At discharge 28.3% of the patients were free of stones. Fifty-five percent had small remnant particles (< 4 mm) and 16.7% had rest-fragments (> 4 mm). After a mean follow-up period of 72.4 months 36 patients were free of stones (60%). Twenty-four patients still have residual stones. The fragments in 2 patients did not change in size, in 14 patients fragments became bigger and 8 patients had a real recurrence (13.3%).

Conclusions: Primary ESWL monotherapy of staghorn calculi is justified because of the comparable results with open surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Prognostic good factors are small stone mass with most of the stone mass in the upper and middle calices, the absence of dilatation and the absence of anatomical anomalies.

Urolithiasis has an incidence of about 12% in men and about 5% in women before the age of 70 years. Several epidemiological factors are involved in the predisposition to the urinary stone disease, notably: age, sex, race, climate, geography, profession, social class, nutritional factors and inherent genetic particularities. A number of physicochemical mechanisms govern lithogenesis, passing from saturation and supersaturation of urine to nucleation, crystallization and crystal growth to clinically significant sizes when the inhibition mechanisms are overwhelmed or absent. Generally urinary stone are of diverse aetiologies, that can essentially be grouped in calcium, uric acid, cystine and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones with subgroups in relation to the varied pathophysiological mechanisms involved in each case.

We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in a cystoplasty, done for tuberculosis, 36 years before. The only sign present was hematuria. The literature is review.

A review of the literature of the last 5 years on retroperitoneal fibrosis is given. MRT seems to add to the exact extend of the disease and galliumscintigraphy can give new information on the activity of the process and the usefulness of medical therapy. The use of corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive drugs such a azathioprine, again is confirmed. Other drugs mentioned in the medical therapy are methotrexate, cyclophosfamide and penicillamine. A few cases responded well to tamoxifen, a drug which was already used in therapy of desmoid tumours. Medical treatment is anyhow superior to surgery alone.

The authors report their experience with the use of spermatids in TESE programs where mature spermatozoa could not be isolated from testicular biopsies. The details of the indications for spermatid insemination, the technicity of the procedure and the results are exposed.

Antenatal and incidentally diagnosed megaureters can be safely treated conservatively after careful work up by combined imaging technics. Serial and repeated imaging are non the less usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This aspect could be fastidious and expensive. In case of symptoms, breakthrough infections or loss of kidney function, surgical treatment should be considered and good results can be expected. Refluxing megaureter has to be considered as high grade reflux and surgical approach is more often suggested. The authors have reviewed the experience of 139 patients with megaureters treated in the last decade to illustrate those facts.

Unexpected severe electrolyte imbalance in the postoperative period. Report two cases. Two cases of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone are reported. In each patient, the physiopathology is reviewed. Differential diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia is discussed.

Conventional diagnostic evaluation, including color duplex doppler ultrasound of the penile vessels, pharmaco-cavernosometry, intracavernosal drug testing and neurologic tests, were used to classify 78 patients with complaints of erectile impotence into one of the following three groups: non-organogenic, arteriogenic, vascular and neurogenic impotence. Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) measurements were also performed. Differentiation between patients with organic and non-organic impotence proved possible. The "best night" and "best erection" alone could not outline a pathognomonic pattern for the different causes of organic impotence.