The disposition of phenobarbital in premature infants was assessed by repeated measurement of the serum concentration of unmetabolized drug and the urinary excretion of both phenobarbital and its metabolite, p-hydroxyphenobarbital. Serum elimination rates did not adequately reflect the elimination of total body phenobarbital. A prolonged distributive phase is postulated. The elimination rate of p-hydroxyphenobarbital was constant, suggesting capacity limited kinetics. Slow elimination in serum concentrations which remained in the therapeutic range for several days suggests that short courses of therapy may have prolonged effect in the newborn premature infant.
{"title":"Phenobarbital disposition in the neonate.","authors":"L K Garrettson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disposition of phenobarbital in premature infants was assessed by repeated measurement of the serum concentration of unmetabolized drug and the urinary excretion of both phenobarbital and its metabolite, p-hydroxyphenobarbital. Serum elimination rates did not adequately reflect the elimination of total body phenobarbital. A prolonged distributive phase is postulated. The elimination rate of p-hydroxyphenobarbital was constant, suggesting capacity limited kinetics. Slow elimination in serum concentrations which remained in the therapeutic range for several days suggests that short courses of therapy may have prolonged effect in the newborn premature infant.</p>","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"2 1-2","pages":"179-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptions of alcoholism: consequences for research.","authors":"W B Clark","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"1 4","pages":"395-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of a large-scale survey of adolescent drug use in the State of New York, two absentee studies were carried out to estimate levels of drug use among school absentees. Students interviewed in households reported very little drug use. By contrast, absentees self-selecting themselves to participate in a group-administered questionnaire reported much higher illicit drug use than regular students from the same schools. However, comparison of students in the absentee sample with the total target absentee population, and the reverse association between drug use and selected background factors among absentees, suggest that most chronic absentees and heavy users, especially blacks and males, did not participate in the self-selected absentee sample. Attempts to identify factors related to higher drug use among absentees were unsuccessful. While poor school performance brings levels of illicit drug use among regular students to levels comparable to those of the absentees, poor school performances per se does not explain the higher rates of illicit drug use among the absentees. It is clear that school absentees who are generally excluded from school surveys are extremely hard to reach for research purposes.
{"title":"Reaching the hard-to-reach: illicit drug use among high school absentees.","authors":"D Kandel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of a large-scale survey of adolescent drug use in the State of New York, two absentee studies were carried out to estimate levels of drug use among school absentees. Students interviewed in households reported very little drug use. By contrast, absentees self-selecting themselves to participate in a group-administered questionnaire reported much higher illicit drug use than regular students from the same schools. However, comparison of students in the absentee sample with the total target absentee population, and the reverse association between drug use and selected background factors among absentees, suggest that most chronic absentees and heavy users, especially blacks and males, did not participate in the self-selected absentee sample. Attempts to identify factors related to higher drug use among absentees were unsuccessful. While poor school performance brings levels of illicit drug use among regular students to levels comparable to those of the absentees, poor school performances per se does not explain the higher rates of illicit drug use among the absentees. It is clear that school absentees who are generally excluded from school surveys are extremely hard to reach for research purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"1 4","pages":"465-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug impediments to mothering behavior.","authors":"H P Coppolillo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"2 1-2","pages":"201-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Swedish heroin addict.","authors":"J C Ball, N Bejerot","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"1 4","pages":"391-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pretreatment criminality of male and female drug abuse patients in the United States.","authors":"J C Ball, B K Levine, R G Demaree, J F Neman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"1 4","pages":"481-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12339357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S R Kandall, S Albin, E Dreyer, M Comstock, J Lowinson
{"title":"Differential effects of heroin and methadone on birth weights.","authors":"S R Kandall, S Albin, E Dreyer, M Comstock, J Lowinson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"2 1-2","pages":"347-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12341602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytogenetic risks to the offspring of pregnant addicts.","authors":"C A Abrams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75432,"journal":{"name":"Addictive diseases","volume":"2 1-2","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12341605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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