Apatite calcifications may be responsible for unusual aspects. Clinically they may mimick sepsis or soft tissue tumor, and radiologically a bone tumor or soft tissue tumor-like lesion with respect to the erosion of the bone cortex adjacent to an unusual calcification. Diagnosis is based on knowledge of atypical sites of calcification, CT, and mainly, radiological regression of the calcification after a short follow-up.
The different lesions of the glenoid labrum are described. They may involve the antero-inferior, the posterior or the superior (SLAP lesions) part of the labrum. CT-arthrography is the gold standard imaging modality in this field of shoulder abnormalities.
Injuries of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee are easily diagnosed on clinical grounds. These lesions are generally treated conservatively. Radiological examinations are generally unhelpful. However, injuries of the MCL may be associated with those of many other ligaments of the knee in the case of complex strain of the knee so that the clinical diagnosis may be challenging; in some cases, surgical repair of associated lesions is indicated. In these cases of multiple ligamentous injuries, a radiological study of ligamentous abnormalities may be of interest. The anatomical background and the different radiological findings including those of X-rays, US, arthrography and MRI, obtained in patients with injuries of the MCL, are described; radiological differentiation of ruptures of the MCL with or without knee instability is emphasized.
Calcific deposit within soft tissues is frequently a clue for diagnosis. The radiological analysis of a calcific deposit within soft tissues includes the following aspects: the basic structure of the calcification, the grade of differentiation of the calcification, the site of the calcification, the number of calcific deposits, the shape of the calcification, the changes in the adjacent non-calcified soft tissues and in the adjacent bone, the course of the clinical signs, the course of the radiological abnormalities.
Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a benign proliferation of fibrous tissue with large amounts of bone within soft tissues. Its clinical and radiological course is described and the value of CT and MR imaging is emphasized. Differential diagnosis includes soft tissue hematoma, infection or tumor. Florid reactive periostitis of the phalanges, turret exostosis, bizarre periosteal osteochondromatous proliferation in the hand and fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits are also described.
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