ASDC journal of dentistry for children最新文献

Many people with severe and profound mental retardation have poor oral health and suffer from inadequate oral hygiene. They may also have neurological disorders and limited intellect, which can erect barriers to dental treatment, such as resistive behavior. Lack of an agreed-upon definition of physical restraint by clinicians or governmental and administrative nondental professionals adds to the problem. As a result, controversy and confusion arise when the appropriate use of safety support systems, (i.e., physical restraint) is considered. The purpose of this paper is to address the need for and appropriate use of restraint for a specific population and set of conditions. The appropriate use of restraint permits the administration of oral hygiene, which can help control the level of oral health in this population; if restraint is not used, oral hygiene cannot be accomplished, dental disease increases, and dental neglect can be cited. This paper concludes with several sets of restraint guidelines for appropriate use.

The eruption cyst is a type of soft tissue cyst associated with erupting teeth. It occurs usually in childhood, and they appear to be more prevalent in the maxillary arch. This paper presents a case report of a fifteen-month-old child who presented six eruption cysts simultaneously and their treatment.

A case is presented of a child with remarkably trifid (vertically divided into three) permanent central incisor teeth and multiple systemic findings that do not appear to correspond to any previous diagnosis. Systems affected include skin, musculoskeletal, urinogenital and orofacial. The child is of normal intelligence and good general health.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of suggestion before and during the administration of local anesthesia to children. These effects were then observed and correlated with social, behavioral and dentally related variables. Eighty children between the ages of three and sixteen years and who required at least one injection of local anesthesia were monitored. Retrospective examinations of their dental records provided the information regarding the behavior and dental treatment histories of the patients. All other data were provided through observation during the dental treatment phase. During the first treatment session, before the injection, each child was asked to select a favorite, pleasant memory or image. Where children had difficulty in identifying an image, one was proposed by the dentist. After an image had been chosen, the patients were asked to concentrate on the image and to visualize it during the procedure. The majority of children had chosen their own images, and significantly visualized the same images throughout the injection procedures. Image selection and visualization had no association with gender, age, the parent's assessment of the child's behavior, previous dental experience, behavior (both past and present) or, management techniques (both past and present). We conclude that imaging techniques may be successfully utilized in the administration of local anesthesia to young children (from three years of age) in an effort to mitigate untoward, pain-related stress.

Many children are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but the impact of this on behavior at a dental visit has not been examined. This study compared the behaviors of children with and without ADHD during a dental recall visit. Forty-two children with and forty-two without ADHD (fifty-six boys and twenty-eight girls, ages 6.0 through 10.6 years of age) were selected from a chart review at a hospital dental clinic. Every child was observed in the dental chair before and during the dental visit. Tell-show-do was utilized with every patient. Each child was evaluated for compliance or resistance and was rated using the Frankl behavior rating scale. Behavior ratings of children with and without ADHD were not statistically different. This could indicate that children with and without ADHD behave similarly in the dental setting. Use of Tell-show-do and presence of a pediatric dentist trained in child psychology could have contributed to this similarity.

Epilepsy is the most frequent additional handicap in children with mental retardation, with a reported prevalence between 5 and 50 percent. Demographics, issues of control of epilepsy and general attitudes to the care of these youngsters are considered in an effort to increase the availability of needed dental services.

The second molar is located at the distal of the first molar, and we must be aware of its stage of development when we plan to move the first molar distally. Few researchers have investigated the development of second molars. The purpose of this study was to observe the eruption process of the maxillary and mandibular second molars by using 238 panoramic radiographs. The developmental stages of the second molar were divided into four stages: the whole crown calcified = stage 1; beginning root formation = stage 2; initial formation of the radicular bifurcation = stage 3; and the root length is equal to the crown height = stage 4. The mesiodistal crown width of the first and second molars, axial inclination and eruption rate of the second molar, and the space available for emergence of the second molar at each stage were measured, and the statistical analysis was made to assess the developmental changes. It was learned that the mandibular second molars began to erupt at stage 3 and the maxillary second molars at stage 2. The axial inclination of the mandibular second molars maintained almost the same angle and the maxillary second molars were uprighted gradually from stage 1 to 4. The available space increased significantly from stage 1 to 2 in both second molars. It is suggested that the space available for emergence of the second molar is prepared before stage 2, and then the tooth begins to erupt. As the maxillary second molars, there was further increase in the available space after stage 3. Negative correlation was seen between the mesiodistal crown width of the mandibular second molar and the available space in stage 2. Positive correlation was seen between the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary second molar and the available space in stage 3. It is suggested that greater increase in the space available for emergence of the second molar could be expected in the maxillary dental arch, if the mesiodistal crown width of the second molar required it.

An orthodontic-surgical treatment of a high labially impacted maxillary canine is described. The use of a transcoronal wire is recommended as a rapid and safe method to force the eruption of the unfavorable impacted canines. Minimal surgical exposure of the crown is necessary to place a transcoronal wire which can be easily inserted during surgery. Although the canine in the presented case was in an unfavorable position, and the root already formed, it was moved from its initial high position to occlusion in about one year with no loss of vitality and no periodontal anomalies.