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Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00023-6
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引用次数: 0
Placental synthesis. 胎盘合成。
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01
T Chard
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引用次数: 0
Biophysical assessment of placental function. 胎盘功能的生物物理评估。
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01
G Gennser, P H Persson
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引用次数: 0
Placental Proteins in Oncology 肿瘤学中的胎盘蛋白
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00034-0
Markku Seppälä, Koichi Iino, Eeva-Marja Rutanen

Many placental proteins appear in the serum and tumours of patients with malignant disease, but few have achieved an established position in clinical management. Chorionic gonadotrophin is a sensitive and effective marker for trophoblastic disease. Gonadal germ cell tumours containing extraembryonic structures can secrete hCG and SP1, which both may provide unique clinical information about recurrent disease. Placental proteins belonging to the PP series are an interesting new group which has added to our knowledge of the biology of tumours. However, none of them has yet proven to be important in clinical practice. Placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes are secreted by seminomas and dysgerminomas, and, in some clinics, they are routinely examined for monitoring treatment of these tumours. Whereas the clinical usefulness of the above markers is well established for the monitoring of treatment and early detection of recurrent disease, none of them can be used for the screening of cancer in an apparently healthy population.

许多胎盘蛋白出现在恶性疾病患者的血清和肿瘤中，但很少在临床管理中取得确定的地位。绒毛膜促性腺激素是一种敏感有效的滋养细胞疾病标志物。含有胚胎外结构的性腺生殖细胞肿瘤可以分泌hCG和SP1，这两者都可能提供复发性疾病的独特临床信息。属于PP系列的胎盘蛋白是一个有趣的新组，它增加了我们对肿瘤生物学的认识。然而，在临床实践中，它们都没有被证明是重要的。胎盘碱性磷酸酶同工酶是精原细胞瘤和异常生殖细胞瘤分泌的，在一些诊所，它们被常规检查以监测这些肿瘤的治疗。尽管上述标记物在监测治疗和早期发现复发性疾病方面的临床用途已得到充分证实，但它们都不能用于在表面上健康的人群中筛查癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Biophysical Assessment of Placental Function 胎盘功能的生物物理评估
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00031-5
Gerhard Gennser, Per-Håkan Persson
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引用次数: 0
Haemorrhage from the placental site. 胎盘部位出血。
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01
R J Howell
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引用次数: 0
Immunology of the Placenta 胎盘免疫学
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00029-7
C.W.G. Redman

The central issues of the immunology of the placenta are poorly defined. As an allograft its success almost certainly depends on the absence of transplantation antigens from syncytiotrophoblast. The placenta is an imperfect immune barrier between mother and fetus. Rhesus isoimmunization is one well-known consequence but maternal graft-versus-host disease is another, although much rarer. The placenta performs an important function by transferring maternal IgG to the fetus and filters out potentially harmful cytotoxic antibodies. However, autoantibodies may, in rare circumstances, cause passively acquired fetal autoimmune disease. Direct maternal immune attack on the placenta is not a clear pathological entity but may occur with placental villitis and pemphigoid gestationis; and may contribute to recurrent abortion of unknown aetiology or to pre-eclampsia.

胎盘免疫学的核心问题是不明确的。作为同种异体移植物，它的成功几乎肯定取决于缺乏来自合体滋养细胞的移植抗原。胎盘是母亲和胎儿之间不完善的免疫屏障。恒河猴等免疫是一种众所周知的后果，但母体移植物抗宿主病是另一种后果，尽管罕见得多。胎盘发挥着重要的功能，将母体IgG传递给胎儿，并过滤掉潜在的有害细胞毒性抗体。然而，在极少数情况下，自身抗体可能导致被动获得性胎儿自身免疫性疾病。母体对胎盘的直接免疫攻击不是一个明确的病理实体，但可能发生在胎盘绒毛炎和类天疱疮妊娠;并可能导致不明原因的反复流产或先兆子痫。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy and Morphology 解剖形态学
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00027-3
Maurice Panigel

This review presents basic aspects of placental morphology with particular reference to the regional specialization of human placental tissues.

Intrauterine visualization of the placenta is now possible with new non-invasive methods. Echotomographic ultrasound images of the placenta in vivo and in vitro are of the greatest value for clinical and pathological diagnosis. X-ray computed tomography, though it cannot be applied to pregnant women, is invaluable for the study of circulatory and pathologic changes in the placenta isolated post partum. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is another useful adjunct not only for placental localization but also to detect changes of placental morphology with an accuracy almost as good as ultrasonography. Fourier-transform spectroscopy now offers a unique opportunity to obtain computed biochemical data on the metabolic evolution of the human placenta.

这篇综述介绍了胎盘形态学的基本方面，特别提到了人类胎盘组织的区域专门化。通过新的非侵入性方法，子宫内胎盘的可视化现在成为可能。胎盘在体内和体外的超声图像对临床和病理诊断具有最大的价值。x线计算机断层扫描虽然不能应用于孕妇，但对于研究产后胎盘的循环和病理变化是非常宝贵的。核磁共振成像是另一种有用的辅助手段，不仅可以定位胎盘，而且可以检测胎盘形态的变化，其准确性几乎与超声检查一样好。傅里叶变换光谱学现在提供了一个独特的机会，以获得计算的生化数据对人类胎盘的代谢进化。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical Assessment of Placental Function—Late Pregnancy 妊娠晚期胎盘功能的生化评价
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00033-9
J.G. Westergaard, B. Teisner, J.G. Grudzinskas
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引用次数: 0
Pathology of the Placenta 胎盘病理
Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00030-3
H. Fox
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引用次数: 0
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