Four fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) were tested for mutagenic activity after oral administration in the following three different mammalian test systems: (1) Dominant lethal test in the male mouse; (2) Cytogenetic studies on metaphase chromosomes from the bone marrow of the Chinese hamster; (3) Nucleus anomaly test in somatic interphase cells (bone marrow) of the Chinese hamster. These investigations yielded no evidence of dominant lethal effects of any of the four compounds on the progeny of male mice. Furthermore, the data obtained from chromosome analyses and the nucleus anomaly test revealed no effects at all. Thus, the results obtained in all these tests gave no indication of mutagenic activity after the administration of these compounds in dosages up to approximately 1/3 or the LD50.
{"title":"Nucleus anomaly test and chromosomal analysis of bone marrow cells of the Chinese hamster and dominant lethal test in male mice after treatment with fluorescent whitening agents.","authors":"D Müller, H Fritz, M Langauer, F F Strasser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) were tested for mutagenic activity after oral administration in the following three different mammalian test systems: (1) Dominant lethal test in the male mouse; (2) Cytogenetic studies on metaphase chromosomes from the bone marrow of the Chinese hamster; (3) Nucleus anomaly test in somatic interphase cells (bone marrow) of the Chinese hamster. These investigations yielded no evidence of dominant lethal effects of any of the four compounds on the progeny of male mice. Furthermore, the data obtained from chromosome analyses and the nucleus anomaly test revealed no effects at all. Thus, the results obtained in all these tests gave no indication of mutagenic activity after the administration of these compounds in dosages up to approximately 1/3 or the LD50.</p>","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"4 ","pages":"247-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12244788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular sites of detoxication.","authors":"G T Brooks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"341-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12244978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective toxicity of derivatized aromatic and heterocyclic methylcarbamates.","authors":"T R Fukuto, A L Black, Y C Chiu, M A Fahmy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"394-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12244981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The development of resistance to agricultural antibiotics.","authors":"T Misato, K Ko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"437-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12244986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of herbicides on correlation between the growth, respiration, and enzymatic activity of cucumber plants.","authors":"B Svrkota, C Hartmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"529-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12245000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translocation and metabolism of Pyracarbolid in wheat.","authors":"H Oeser, S Gorbach, E Boerner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"557-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12245005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of the aryl hydroxylase activity in the contamination of rabbits by Lindane and Barbital.","authors":"Z Starý","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"581-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11279786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring of residues of Abate in streams treated for Simulium control.","authors":"W E Dale, J W Miles, G O Guerrant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"780-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11279792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acquired resistance to benzimidazole derivatives.","authors":"J Dekker, L C Davidse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"410-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11969310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been known for many years that the eating of leaded paint is the prime cause of lead poisoning and elevated blood leads of children living in deteriorated housing. Recently, there has been speculation that children may eat dirt and dust contaminated with lead exhausted from cars and that this amount of ingested lead is sufficient to contribute significantly to the childhood lead problem. This study used a naturally occurring radioactive tracer (lead-210) to determine the relative amounts of dust and other lead-containing materials (e.g., paint) eaten by young children. This tracer is present in very low concentrations in paint and in significantly higher concentrations in fallout dust. Stable lead and lead-210 were analyzed in fecal material from 8 children suspected of having elevated body burdens of lead and 10 children living in good housing where lead poisoning is not a problem. The normal children averaged 4 micrograms lead per gram dry feces, with a range of 2 to 7. Of the eight children suspected of having elevated lead body burdens, two had fecal lead values within the normal range. However, the remaining six were 4 to 400 times higher. Despite these differences in fecal lead between the two groups, the groups were essentially identical in the lead-210 content of their feces. The "elevated" children averaged 0.040 picocurie lead-210 per gram dry feces, while the normal group averaged 0.044. The results provide sound evidence that these children suspected of elevated lead body burden were not ingesting dust or air-suspended particulate.
{"title":"Tracer studies of ingestion of dust by urban children.","authors":"G T Haar, R Aronow","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been known for many years that the eating of leaded paint is the prime cause of lead poisoning and elevated blood leads of children living in deteriorated housing. Recently, there has been speculation that children may eat dirt and dust contaminated with lead exhausted from cars and that this amount of ingested lead is sufficient to contribute significantly to the childhood lead problem. This study used a naturally occurring radioactive tracer (lead-210) to determine the relative amounts of dust and other lead-containing materials (e.g., paint) eaten by young children. This tracer is present in very low concentrations in paint and in significantly higher concentrations in fallout dust. Stable lead and lead-210 were analyzed in fecal material from 8 children suspected of having elevated body burdens of lead and 10 children living in good housing where lead poisoning is not a problem. The normal children averaged 4 micrograms lead per gram dry feces, with a range of 2 to 7. Of the eight children suspected of having elevated lead body burdens, two had fecal lead values within the normal range. However, the remaining six were 4 to 400 times higher. Despite these differences in fecal lead between the two groups, the groups were essentially identical in the lead-210 content of their feces. The \"elevated\" children averaged 0.040 picocurie lead-210 per gram dry feces, while the normal group averaged 0.044. The results provide sound evidence that these children suspected of elevated lead body burden were not ingesting dust or air-suspended particulate.</p>","PeriodicalId":75828,"journal":{"name":"Environmental quality and safety. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"197-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12238773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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