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Renal mitochondrial dysfunction in ovine experimental sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. 绵羊实验性败血症相关急性肾损伤的肾线粒体功能障碍。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2022
Tomas Luther, Sara Bülow-Anderberg, Patrik Persson, Stephanie Franzén, Paul Skorup, Annika Wernerson, Kjell Hultenby, Fredrik Palm, Tomas A Schiffer, Robert Frithiof

Sheep develop sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) during experimental sepsis despite normal to increased renal oxygen delivery. A disturbed relation between oxygen consumption (V̇o2) and renal Na+ transport has been demonstrated in sheep and in clinical studies of AKI, which could be explained by mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated the function of isolated renal mitochondria compared with renal oxygen handling in an ovine hyperdynamic model of SA-AKI. Anesthetized sheep were randomized to either an infusion of live Escherichia coli with resuscitative measures (sepsis group; n = 13 animals) or served as controls (n = 8 animals) for 28 h. Renal V̇o2 and Na+ transport were repeatedly measured. Live cortical mitochondria were isolated at baseline and at the end of the experiment and assessed in vitro with high-resolution respirometry. Sepsis markedly reduced creatinine clearance, and the relation between Na+ transport and renal V̇o2 was decreased in septic sheep compared with control sheep. Cortical mitochondrial function was altered in septic sheep with a reduced respiratory control ratio (6.0 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 1.6, P = 0.006) and increased complex II-to-complex I ratio during state 3 (1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1, P = 0.0014) mainly due to decreased complex I-dependent state 3 respiration (P = 0.016). However, no differences in renal mitochondrial efficiency or mitochondrial uncoupling were found. In conclusion, renal mitochondrial dysfunction composed of a reduction of the respiratory control ratio and an increased complex II/complex I relation in state 3 was demonstrated in an ovine model of SA-AKI. However, the disturbed relation between renal V̇o2 and renal Na+ transport could not be explained by a change in renal cortical mitochondrial efficiency or uncoupling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the function of renal cortical mitochondria in relation to oxygen consumption in an ovine model of sepsis with acute kidney injury. We demonstrated changes in the electron transport chain induced by sepsis consisting of a reduced respiratory control ratio mainly by a reduced complex I-mediated respiration. Neither an increase in mitochondrial uncoupling nor a reduction in mitochondrial efficiency was demonstrated and cannot explain why oxygen consumption was unaffected despite reduced tubular transport.

绵羊在实验性败血症期间发生败血症相关的急性肾损伤(SA-AKI),尽管肾脏氧气输送正常至增加。绵羊和AKI的临床研究表明,耗氧量(V̇o2)与肾脏Na+转运之间的关系紊乱,这可以通过线粒体功能障碍来解释。我们在SA-AKI的绵羊超动力学模型中研究了分离的肾线粒体与肾氧处理的功能。麻醉绵羊被随机分配给具有复苏措施的活大肠杆菌输注组(败血症组;n=13只动物)或作为对照组(n=8只动物)28小时。重复测量肾V̇o2和Na+转运。在基线和实验结束时分离活体皮层线粒体,并用高分辨率呼吸测定法在体外进行评估。脓毒症显著降低了肌酸酐清除率,与对照羊相比,脓毒症绵羊的Na+转运与肾V̇o2之间的关系降低。脓毒症绵羊的皮质线粒体功能发生改变,呼吸控制率降低(6.0 ± 1.5对8.2 ± 1.6,P=0.006)和在状态3期间增加的复合物II与复合物I的比率(1.6 ± 0.2对1.3 ± 0.1,P=0.0014),主要是由于复杂I依赖状态3呼吸减少(P=0.016)。然而,在肾线粒体效率或线粒体解偶联方面没有发现差异。总之,在SA-AKI的绵羊模型中,证明了肾线粒体功能障碍,包括状态3中呼吸控制比率的降低和复合物II/复合物I关系的增加。然而,肾脏V̇o2和肾脏Na+转运之间的紊乱关系不能用肾皮质线粒体效率或解偶联的变化来解释。新的和值得注意的是,我们在脓毒症合并急性肾损伤的绵羊模型中研究了肾皮质线粒体的功能与耗氧量的关系。我们证明了败血症诱导的电子传输链的变化,包括主要由复合物I介导的呼吸降低的呼吸控制率。线粒体解偶联的增加和线粒体效率的降低都没有得到证实,也不能解释为什么尽管管状运输减少,但耗氧量不受影响。
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引用次数: 1
YAP promotes AP-1 expression in tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. YAP促进肾小管上皮细胞AP-1的表达。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00246.2022
Yang Liu, Chunhua Xu, Jinhong Li, Yu Zhang, Xiaohua Wang, Yang Wang, Jinzhong Qin, Zhihua Zheng, Yin Xia

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem. Kidney fibrosis is a hallmark and final common pathway of CKD. The Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway regulates organ size, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated tubular YAP activation by tubule-specific double knockout of mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2 (Mst1/2) induced CKD in mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Activator protein (AP)-1 activation was found to promote tubular atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Therefore, we studied whether YAP regulates AP-1 expression in the kidney. We found that expression of various AP-1 components was induced in kidneys subjected to unilateral ureteric obstruction and in Mst1/2 double knockout kidneys, and these inductions were blocked by deletion of Yap in tubular cells, with Fosl1 being most affected compared with other AP-1 genes. Inhibition of Yap also most highly suppressed Fosl1 expression among AP-1 genes in HK-2 and IMCD3 renal tubular cells. YAP bound to the Fosl1 promoter and promoted Fosl1 promoter-luciferase activity. Our results suggest that YAP controls AP-1 expression and that Fosl1 is the primary target of YAP in renal tubular cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation leads to tubular injury, renal inflammation, and fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We now provide genetic evidence that YAP promotes activator protein-1 expression and that Fosl1 is the primary target of YAP in renal tubular cells.

慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)是一个主要的健康问题。肾纤维化是CKD的标志和最终共同途径。Hippo/yes相关蛋白(YAP)通路调节器官大小、炎症和肿瘤发生。我们之前的研究表明,通过小管特异性双敲除哺乳动物ste20样蛋白激酶1/2 (Mst1/2),可以激活小管YAP,从而诱导小鼠CKD,但其潜在机制仍有待充分阐明。激活蛋白(AP)-1激活可促进小管萎缩和小管间质纤维化。因此,我们研究YAP是否调节肾脏AP-1的表达。我们发现,在单侧输尿管梗阻的肾脏和Mst1/2双敲除的肾脏中,各种AP-1成分的表达被诱导,这些诱导被小管细胞中Yap的缺失所阻断,与其他AP-1基因相比,Fosl1受到的影响最大。Yap的抑制也高度抑制了HK-2和IMCD3肾小管细胞AP-1基因中Fosl1的表达。YAP与Fosl1启动子结合,促进Fosl1启动子-荧光素酶活性。我们的研究结果表明,YAP控制AP-1的表达,Fosl1是YAP在肾小管细胞中的主要靶点。yes相关蛋白(YAP)激活可导致肾小管损伤、肾脏炎症和纤维化,但其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。我们现在提供的遗传证据表明,YAP促进激活蛋白1的表达,并且Fosl1是YAP在肾小管细胞中的主要靶点。
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引用次数: 1
The protective effect of H151, a novel STING inhibitor, in renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. 新型STING抑制剂H151对肾缺血再灌注急性肾损伤的保护作用
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00004.2023
Zhijian Hu, Fangming Zhang, Max Brenner, Asha Jacob, Ping Wang

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal functional disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is the cytosolic DNA-activated signaling pathway that mediates inflammation and injury. Our recent study showed that extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), a newly identified damage-associated molecular pattern, activates STING and exacerbates hemorrhagic shock. H151 is a small molecule that selectively binds to STING and inhibits STING-mediated activity. We hypothesized that H151 attenuates eCIRP-induced STING activation in vitro and inhibits RIR-induced AKI in vivo. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial cells incubated with eCIRP showed increased levels of IFN-β, STING pathway downstream cytokine, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, whereas coincubation with eCIRP and H151 diminished those increases in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, 24 h after bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate was decreased in RIR-vehicle-treated mice, whereas glomerular filtration rate was unchanged in RIR-H151-treated mice. In contrast to sham, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were increased in RIR-vehicle, but in RIR-H151, these levels were significantly decreased from RIR-vehicle. In contrast to sham, kidney IFN-β mRNA, histological injury score, and TUNEL staining were also increased in RIR-vehicle, but in RIR-H151, these levels were significantly decreased from RIR-vehicle. Importantly, in contrast to sham, in a 10-day survival study, survival decreased to 25% in RIR-vehicle, but RIR-H151 had a survival of 63%. In conclusion, H151 inhibits eCIRP-induced STING activation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Therefore, STING inhibition by H151 can be a promising therapeutic intervention for RIR-induced AKI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal functional disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is the cytosolic DNA-activated signaling pathway responsible for mediating inflammation and injury. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) activates STING and exacerbates hemorrhagic shock. H151, a novel STING inhibitor, attenuated eCIRP-induced STING activation in vitro and inhibited RIR-induced AKI. H151 shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for RIR-induced AKI.

肾缺血再灌注(RIR)引起的急性肾损伤(AKI)是一种常见的肾功能障碍,发病率和死亡率都很高。干扰素(IFN)基因刺激因子(STING)是介导炎症和损伤的胞质dna激活信号通路。我们最近的研究表明,细胞外冷诱导rna结合蛋白(eCIRP)是一种新发现的损伤相关分子模式,可激活STING并加剧失血性休克。H151是一种选择性结合STING并抑制STING介导活性的小分子。我们假设H151在体外减弱了ecirp诱导的STING激活,在体内抑制了rir诱导的AKI。在体外,用eCIRP培养的肾小管上皮细胞显示IFN-β、STING通路下游细胞因子、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙素水平升高,而与eCIRP和H151共培养以剂量依赖的方式降低了这些升高。在体内,双侧肾缺血再灌注后24 h, rir -载体处理小鼠肾小球滤过率降低,而rir - h151处理小鼠肾小球滤过率不变。与假手术相比,血清尿素氮、肌酐和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关的脂钙蛋白在rir -载体中升高,但在RIR-H151中,这些水平明显低于rir -载体。与假手术组相比,小鼠肾脏IFN-β mRNA、组织学损伤评分和TUNEL染色均升高,而小鼠肾脏IFN-β mRNA、组织学损伤评分和TUNEL染色均明显降低。重要的是,与假手术相比,在10天的生存研究中,rir -载体的生存率降至25%,但RIR-H151的生存率为63%。结论:H151抑制ecirp诱导的肾小管上皮细胞STING活化。因此,H151抑制STING可能是一种有希望的治疗rir诱导AKI的干预措施。肾缺血再灌注(RIR)引起的急性肾损伤(AKI)是一种常见的肾功能障碍,发病率和死亡率都很高。干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)是胞质dna激活的信号通路,负责介导炎症和损伤。细胞外冷诱导rna结合蛋白(eCIRP)激活STING并加剧失血性休克。H151是一种新型的STING抑制剂,能减弱体外ecirp诱导的STING激活,抑制rir诱导的AKI。H151有望作为rir诱导的AKI的治疗干预手段。
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引用次数: 0
Commensal microbiota regulate renal gene expression in a sex-specific manner. 共生微生物群以性别特异性的方式调节肾脏基因表达。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2022
Brittni N Moore, Jennifer L Pluznick

The gut microbiome impacts host gene expression not only in the colon but also at distal sites including the liver, white adipose tissue, and spleen. The gut microbiome also influences the kidney and is associated with renal diseases and pathologies; however, a role for the gut microbiome to modulate renal gene expression has not been examined. To determine if microbes modulate renal gene expression, we used whole organ RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in C57Bl/6 mice that were germ free (lacking gut microbiota) versus conventionalized (gut microbiota reintroduced using an oral gavage of a fecal slurry composed of mixed stool). 16S sequencing showed that male and female mice were similarly conventionalized, although Verrucomicrobia was higher in male mice. We found that renal gene expression was differentially regulated in the presence vs. absence of microbiota and that these changes were largely sex specific. Although microbes also influenced gene expression in the liver and large intestine, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidney were not similarly regulated in the liver or large intestine. This demonstrates that the influence of the gut microbiota on gene expression is tissue specific. However, a minority of genes (n = 4 in males and n = 6 in females) were similarly regulated in all three tissues examined, including genes associated with circadian rhythm (period 1 in males and period 2 in females) and metal binding (metallothionein 1 and metallothionein 2 in both males and females). Finally, using a previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset, we assigned a subset of DEGs to specific kidney cell types, revealing clustering of DEGs by cell type and/or sex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unknown whether the microbiome influences host gene expression in the kidney. Here, we utilized an unbiased, bulk RNA-sequencing approach to compare gene expression in the kidneys of male and female mice with or without gut microbiota. This report demonstrates that renal gene expression is modulated by the microbiome in a sex- and tissue-specific manner.

肠道微生物组不仅影响结肠的宿主基因表达,还影响远端部位,包括肝脏、白色脂肪组织和脾脏。肠道微生物组也影响肾脏,并与肾脏疾病和病理相关;然而,肠道微生物组调节肾脏基因表达的作用尚未得到研究。为了确定微生物是否调节肾脏基因表达,我们使用全器官RNA测序来比较无菌(缺乏肠道微生物群)和常规(通过口服混合粪便组成的粪浆重新引入肠道微生物群)C57Bl/6小鼠的基因表达。16S测序显示,雄性和雌性小鼠的常规化相似,尽管雄性小鼠的Verrucomicrobia较高。我们发现肾脏基因表达在存在和不存在微生物群的情况下受到不同的调节,这些变化在很大程度上是性别特异性的。虽然微生物也影响肝脏和大肠中的基因表达,但肾脏中的大多数差异表达基因(deg)在肝脏或大肠中没有类似的调节。这表明肠道菌群对基因表达的影响是组织特异性的。然而,少数基因(男性n = 4,女性n = 6)在所有检测的三种组织中都有类似的调控,包括与昼夜节律(男性第1周期和女性第2周期)和金属结合(男性和女性的金属硫蛋白1和金属硫蛋白2)相关的基因。最后,使用先前发表的单细胞rna测序数据集,我们将deg的一个子集分配到特定的肾细胞类型,揭示了deg按细胞类型和/或性别的聚类。目前尚不清楚微生物组是否会影响肾脏中宿主基因的表达。在这里,我们使用了一种无偏倚的大量rna测序方法来比较有或没有肠道微生物群的雄性和雌性小鼠肾脏中的基因表达。本报告表明肾脏基因表达是由微生物组以性别和组织特异性的方式调节的。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of leptin receptor in renal tubules is sparse but implicated in leptin-dependent kidney gene expression and function. 瘦素受体在肾小管中的表达是稀疏的,但与瘦素依赖性肾基因的表达和功能有关。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00279.2022
Young Chul Kim, Hadi Fattah, Yiling Fu, Josselin Nespoux, Volker Vallon

Leptin regulates energy balance via leptin receptors expressed in central and peripheral tissues, but little is known about leptin-sensitive kidney genes and the role of the tubular leptin receptor (Lepr) in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of Lepr splice variants A, B, and C revealed a ratio of ∼100:10:1 in the mouse kidney cortex and medulla, with medullary levels being ∼10 times higher. Leptin replacement in ob/ob mice for 6 days reduced hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and albuminuria, associated with normalization of kidney mRNA expression of molecular markers of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid synthesis, and megalin. Normalization of leptin for 7 h in ob/ob mice did not normalize hyperglycemia or albuminuria. Tubular knockdown of Lepr [Pax8-Lepr knockout (KO)] and in situ hybridization revealed a minor fraction of Lepr mRNA in tubular cells compared with endothelial cells. Nevertheless, Pax8-Lepr KO mice had lower kidney weight. Moreover, while HFD-induced hyperleptinemia, increases in kidney weight and glomerular filtration rate, and a modest blood pressure lowering effect were similar compared with controls, they showed a blunted rise in albuminuria. Use of Pax8-Lepr KO and leptin replacement in ob/ob mice identified acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase and gremlin 1 as tubular Lepr-sensitive genes that are increased and reduced by leptin, respectively. In conclusion, leptin deficiency may increase albuminuria via systemic metabolic effects that impinge on kidney megalin expression, whereas hyperleptinemia may induce albuminuria by direct tubular Lepr effects. Implications of Lepr variants and the novel tubular Lepr/acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase/gremlin 1 axis remain to be determined.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new insights into kidney gene expression of leptin receptor splice variants, leptin-sensitive kidney gene expression, and the role of the leptin receptor in renal tubular cells for the response to diet-induced hyperleptinemia and obesity including albuminuria.

瘦素通过在中枢和外周组织中表达的瘦素受体调节能量平衡,但对瘦素敏感的肾脏基因和小管瘦素受体(Lepr)在高脂肪饮食(HFD)反应中的作用知之甚少。对麻风病毒剪接变异A、B和C的定量RT-PCR分析显示,小鼠肾皮质和髓质中麻风病毒剪接变异A、B和C的比例为~ 100:10:1,髓质中麻风病毒剪接变异的水平高出约10倍。在ob/ob小鼠中替换瘦素6天,减少了贪食、高血糖和蛋白尿,与肾脏中糖酵解、糖异生、氨基酸合成和meggalin分子标记的mRNA表达正常化有关。在ob/ob小鼠中使瘦素正常化7小时并没有使高血糖或蛋白尿正常化。Lepr的小管敲除[Pax8-Lepr敲除(KO)]和原位杂交显示,与内皮细胞相比,小管细胞中Lepr mRNA的含量较少。然而,Pax8-Lepr KO小鼠的肾脏重量较低。此外,虽然hfd诱导的高瘦素血症、肾脏重量和肾小球滤过率的增加以及适度的降血压效果与对照组相似,但它们显示出蛋白尿的缓慢上升。在ob/ob小鼠中使用Pax8-Lepr KO和瘦素替代,鉴定乙酰乙酰辅酶a合成酶和gremlin 1分别是瘦素增加和减少的小管麻风敏感基因。综上所述,瘦素缺乏可能通过影响肾巨高蛋白表达的全身代谢作用增加白蛋白尿,而高瘦素血症可能通过直接的小管麻风效应诱导白蛋白尿。Lepr变异和新型管状Lepr/乙酰乙酰辅酶a合成酶/gremlin 1轴的意义仍有待确定。这项研究为瘦素受体剪接变异的肾脏基因表达、瘦素敏感的肾脏基因表达以及瘦素受体在肾小管细胞中对饮食诱导的高瘦素血症和肥胖(包括蛋白尿)的反应提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Acute kidney injury causes and exacerbates cardiac dysfunction. 急性肾损伤引起并加重心功能障碍。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00305.2022
Sarah Faubel
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引用次数: 1
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase is required for water excretion in response to acute hypotonic stress. 胰岛素调节的氨肽酶是对急性低渗应激反应时排泄水分所必需的。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2022
Yvonne Zuchowski, Joshua Carty, Andrew S Terker, Fabian Bock, Jonathan B Trapani, Gautam Bhave, Jason A Watts, Susanna Keller, Mingzhi Zhang, Roy Zent, Raymond C Harris, Juan Pablo Arroyo

The objective of this study was to understand the response of mice lacking insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) to an acute water load. For mammals to respond appropriately to acute water loading, vasopressin activity needs to decrease. IRAP degrades vasopressin in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice lacking IRAP have an impaired ability to degrade vasopressin and, thus, have persistent urinary concentration. Age-matched 8- to 12-wk-old IRAP wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) male mice were used for all experiments. Blood electrolytes and urine osmolality were measured before and 1 h after water load (∼2 mL sterile water via intraperitoneal injection). Urine was collected from IRAP WT and KO mice for urine osmolality measurements at baseline and after 1 h administration of the vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist OPC-31260 (10 mg/kg ip). Immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis were performed on kidneys at baseline and after 1 h acute water load. IRAP was expressed in the glomerulus, thick ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule, connecting duct, and collecting duct. IRAP KO mice had elevated urine osmolality compared with WT mice due to higher membrane expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), which was restored to that of controls after administration of OPC-31260. IRAP KO mice developed hyponatremia after an acute water load because they were unable to increase free water excretion due to increased surface expression of AQP2. In conclusion, IRAP is required to increase water excretion in response to an acute water load due to persistent vasopressin stimulation of AQP2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) degrades vasopressin, but its role in urinary concentration and dilution is unknown. Here, we show that IRAP-deficient mice have a high urinary osmolality at baseline and are unable to excrete free water in response to water loading. These results reveal a novel regulatory role for IRAP in urine concentration and dilution.

本研究的目的是了解缺乏胰岛素调节的氨基肽酶(IRAP)的小鼠对急性水负荷的反应。为了使哺乳动物对急性水负荷有适当的反应,血管加压素活性需要降低。IRAP在体内降解血管加压素。因此,我们假设缺乏IRAP的小鼠降解加压素的能力受损,因此具有持续的尿浓度。年龄匹配的8-12周龄IRAP野生型(WT)和敲除(KO)雄性小鼠用于所有实验。在水负荷前和水负荷后1小时测量血液电解质和尿液渗透压(通过腹膜内注射~2 mL无菌水)。从IRAP WT和KO小鼠收集尿液,用于在基线和施用血管加压素2型受体拮抗剂OPC-31260(10mg/kg ip)1小时后的尿液渗透压测量。在基线和急性水负荷1小时后对肾脏进行免疫荧光和免疫印迹分析。IRAP表达于肾小球、Henle粗升环、远端小管、连接管和集合管。与WT小鼠相比,IRAP KO小鼠的尿液渗透压升高,这是由于水通道蛋白2(AQP2)的膜表达较高,在施用OPC-31260后,AQP2恢复到对照组。IRAP KO小鼠在急性水负荷后出现低钠血症,因为它们由于AQP2的表面表达增加而无法增加自由水排泄。总之,由于持续的加压素刺激AQP2.NEW和NOTEWORTHY胰岛素调节的氨基肽酶(IRAP)可降解加压素,但其在尿液浓度和稀释中的作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现IRAP缺陷小鼠在基线时具有高的尿渗透压,并且不能对水负荷做出反应而排出游离水。这些结果揭示了IRAP在尿液浓度和稀释中的新的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomic profiling to identify early urinary biomarkers and metabolic pathway alterations in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. 通过代谢组学分析确定常染色体显性多囊肾病的早期尿液生物标志物和代谢途径改变。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00301.2022
Eden A Houske, Matthew G Glimm, Annika R Bergstrom, Sally K Slipher, Hope D Welhaven, Mark C Greenwood, Greta M Linse, Ronald K June, Alan S L Yu, Darren P Wallace, Alyssa K Hahn
<p><p>Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the formation of numerous fluid-filled cysts that lead to progressive loss of functional nephrons. Currently, there is an unmet need for diagnostic and prognostic indicators of early stages of the disease. Metabolites were extracted from the urine of patients with early-stage ADPKD (<i>n</i> = 48 study participants) and age- and sex-matched normal controls (<i>n</i> = 47) and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used to generate a global metabolomic profile of early ADPKD for the identification of metabolic pathway alterations and discriminatory metabolites as candidates of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The global metabolomic profile exhibited alterations in steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the urea cycle. A panel of 46 metabolite features was identified as candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Notable putative identities of candidate diagnostic biomarkers for early detection include creatinine, cAMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate, various androgens (testosterone; 5-α-androstane-3,17,dione; <i>trans</i>-dehydroandrosterone), betaine aldehyde, phosphoric acid, choline, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and cortisol. Metabolic pathways associated with variable rates of disease progression included steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, vitamin D3 metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, sialic acid metabolism, and chondroitin sulfate and heparin sulfate degradation. A panel of 41 metabolite features was identified as candidate prognostic biomarkers. Notable putative identities of candidate prognostic biomarkers include ethanolamine, C20:4 anandamide phosphate, progesterone, various androgens (5-α-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, and epiandrosterone), betaine aldehyde, inflammatory lipids (eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, and stearolic acid), and choline. Our exploratory data support metabolic reprogramming in early ADPKD and demonstrate the ability of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based global metabolomic profiling to detect metabolic pathway alterations as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression of ADPKD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> To our knowledge, this study is the first to generate urinary global metabolomic profiles from individuals with early-stage ADPKD with preserved renal function for biomarker discovery. The exploratory dataset reveals metabolic pathway alterations that may be responsible for early cystogenesis and rapid disease progression and may be potential therapeutic targets and pathway sources for candidate biomarkers. From these results, we generated a panel of candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of early-stage ADPKD for future validat
常染色体显性多囊肾病(ADPKD)的特点是形成大量充满液体的囊肿,导致功能性肾小球逐渐丧失。目前,对该病早期诊断和预后指标的需求尚未得到满足。研究人员从早期 ADPKD 患者(48 人)和年龄、性别匹配的正常对照组(47 人)的尿液中提取代谢物,并采用液相色谱-质谱法进行分析。利用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析生成了早期 ADPKD 的全局代谢组图谱,以确定代谢途径的改变和可作为诊断和预后生物标志物候选的判别代谢物。全球代谢组图谱显示了类固醇激素生物合成和代谢、脂肪酸代谢、丙酮酸代谢、氨基酸代谢和尿素循环的改变。46 种代谢物特征被确定为候选诊断生物标记物。可用于早期检测的候选诊断生物标志物的显著特征包括肌酐、cAMP、脱氧胞苷单磷酸、各种雄激素(睾酮;5-α-雄甾烷-3,17,二酮;反式-脱氢雄甾酮)、甜菜碱醛、磷酸、胆碱、18-羟皮质酮和皮质醇。与疾病进展速度不同有关的代谢途径包括类固醇激素的生物合成和代谢、维生素 D3 代谢、脂肪酸代谢、磷酸戊糖途径、三羧酸循环、氨基酸代谢、硅酸代谢以及硫酸软骨素和硫酸肝素降解。41种代谢物特征被确定为候选预后生物标志物。值得注意的候选预后生物标志物包括乙醇胺、C20:4 氨基酰胺磷酸酯、孕酮、各种雄激素(5-α-二氢睾酮、雄甾酮、乙酰胆碱酮和表雄酮)、甜菜碱醛、炎症脂质(二十碳五烯酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸)和胆碱。我们的探索性数据支持早期 ADPKD 的代谢重编程,并证明了基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的全球代谢组学分析能够检测代谢途径的改变,并将其作为新的治疗靶点和生物标记物,用于早期诊断和跟踪 ADPKD 的疾病进展。探索性数据集揭示了可能导致早期囊肿形成和疾病快速进展的代谢通路改变,这些改变可能是候选生物标记物的潜在治疗靶点和通路来源。根据这些结果,我们生成了一组早期 ADPKD 的候选诊断和预后生物标志物,供将来验证。
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引用次数: 0
TRPV4 expression in the renal tubule is necessary for maintaining whole body K+ homeostasis. TRPV4在肾小管中的表达对于维持全身K+稳态是必要的。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00278.2022
Anna Stavniichuk, Kyrylo Pyrshev, Oleg Zaika, Viktor N Tomilin, Mariya Kordysh, Monika Lakk, David Križaj, Oleh Pochynyuk

The Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel serves as the sensor of tubular flow, thus being well suited to govern mechanosensitive K+ transport in the distal renal tubule. Here, we directly tested whether the TRPV4 function is significant in affecting K+ balance. We used balance metabolic cage experiments and systemic measurements with different K+ feeding regimens [high (5% K+), regular (0.9% K+), and low (<0.01% K+)] in newly created transgenic mice with selective TRPV4 deletion in the renal tubule (TRPV4fl/fl-Pax8Cre) and their littermate controls (TRPV4fl/fl). Deletion was verified by the absence of TRPV4 protein expression and lack of TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ influx. There were no differences in plasma electrolytes, urinary volume, and K+ levels at baseline. In contrast, plasma K+ levels were significantly elevated in TRPV4fl/fl-Pax8Cre mice on high K+ intake. K+-loaded knockout mice exhibited lower urinary K+ levels than TRPV4fl/fl mice, which was accompanied by higher aldosterone levels by day 7. Moreover, TRPV4fl/fl-Pax8Cre mice had more efficient renal K+ conservation and higher plasma K+ levels in the state of dietary K+ deficiency. H+-K+-ATPase levels were significantly increased in TRPV4fl/fl-Pax8Cre mice on a regular diet and especially on a low-K+ diet, pointing to augmented K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. Consistently, we found a significantly faster intracellular pH recovery after intracellular acidification, as an index of H+-K+-ATPase activity, in split-opened collecting ducts from TRPV4fl/fl-Pax8Cre mice. In summary, our results demonstrate an indispensable prokaliuretic role of TRPV4 in the renal tubule in controlling K+ balance and urinary K+ excretion during variations in dietary K+ intake. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanoactivated transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel is expressed in distal tubule segments, where it controls flow-dependent K+ transport. Global TRPV4 deficiency causes impaired adaptation to variations in dietary K+ intake. Here, we demonstrate that renal tubule-specific TRPV4 deletion is sufficient to recapitulate the phenotype by causing antikaliuresis and higher plasma K+ levels in both states of K+ load and deficiency.

Ca2+可渗透的瞬时受体电位香草素4型(TRPV4)通道用作肾小管流量的传感器,因此非常适合控制远端肾小管中的机械敏感性K+转运。在这里,我们直接测试了TRPV4功能在影响K+平衡方面是否显著。我们在新创建的肾小管选择性TRPV4缺失的转基因小鼠(TRPV4fl/fl-Ax8Cre)及其同窝对照(TRPV4fl/fl)中使用了平衡代谢笼实验和不同K+喂养方案[高(5%K+)、常规(0.9%K+)和低(+)]的系统测量。通过TRPV4蛋白表达的缺失和TRPV4依赖性Ca2+内流的缺乏来验证缺失。在基线时,血浆电解质、尿量和K+水平没有差异。相反,TRPV4fl/fl-Ax8Cre小鼠在高K+摄入下血浆K+水平显著升高。K+负载敲除小鼠表现出比TRPV4fl/fl小鼠更低的尿K+水平,在第7天时伴有更高的醛固酮水平。此外,TRPV4fl/fl-Ax8Cre小鼠在饮食K+缺乏状态下具有更有效的肾脏K+保护和更高的血浆K+水平。TRPV4fl/fl-Ax8Cre小鼠在常规饮食中,尤其是在低K+饮食中,H+-K+-ATP酶水平显著升高,表明收集管中K+重吸收增强。一致地,我们发现,在TRPV4fl/fl-Ax8Cre小鼠的裂开的收集管中,细胞内酸化后,作为H+-K+-ATP酶活性的指标,细胞内pH恢复明显更快。总之,我们的研究结果表明,在饮食K+摄入变化期间,肾小管中TRPV4在控制K+平衡和尿K+排泄方面发挥着不可或缺的促钾作用。新的和值得注意的是,机械激活的瞬时受体电位香草素4型(TRPV4)通道在远端小管段表达,在那里它控制流量依赖性K+转运。全球TRPV4缺乏会导致对饮食K+摄入变化的适应受损。在这里,我们证明了肾小管特异性TRPV4缺失足以通过在K+负荷和缺乏状态下引起抗钾尿和较高的血浆K+水平来概括表型。
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引用次数: 0
First Author Highlights. 第一作者亮点。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2023.324.6.AU
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引用次数: 0
期刊
American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology
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