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Paediatric Parotid Abscess: A Rare Presentation. 小儿腮腺脓肿:罕见的表现。
IF 0.6 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04030-7
Sounak Patra, Sauradeep Das, Prachurya Tamuli, Suvamoy Chakraborty

Acute parotitis in children is a common occurrence with predisposing factors including ductal dysfunction, poor oral hygiene or dental infections, immunosuppression, dehydration, or a pre-existing Warthin's tumour. Bacterial or viral infections of the intra-parotid and peri-parotid lymph nodes or the parotid gland parenchyma results in inflammatory followed by suppurative changes which leads to formation of parotid abscess. Surgical drainage is necessary in parotid abscesses not responding to conservative management. Surgical intervention is invasive and has associated risks of injury to the facial nerve and poor cosmetic outcome. We present a case of parotid abscess in a 9-year-old female child which required surgical drainage. In literature, parotid gland abscess arising from a preceeding dental infection in paediatric age group is an uncommon occurence and limited number of cases have been documented. The first line of imaging is ultrasonographic examination of the parotid gland which adds on to the clinical examination. In combination with color doppler, sonography is of immense assistance for diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and also helps guide aspiration or incision and drainage.

儿童急性腮腺炎是一种常见的疾病,其诱发因素包括导管功能障碍、口腔卫生不良或牙齿感染、免疫抑制、脱水或先前存在的沃辛肿瘤。细菌或病毒感染的腮腺内和腮腺周围淋巴结或腮腺实质导致炎症,随后化脓性改变,导致腮腺脓肿的形成。对于保守治疗无效的腮腺脓肿,手术引流是必要的。手术干预是侵入性的,有损伤面神经和不良美容效果的相关风险。我们报告一个9岁女童腮腺脓肿的病例,需要手术引流。在文献中,由先前的牙齿感染引起的腮腺脓肿在儿科年龄组中是罕见的,并且记录的病例数量有限。第一道影像学检查是腮腺的超声检查,它是临床检查的补充。超声与彩色多普勒结合,对诊断和评价治疗效果有很大的帮助,也有助于指导抽吸或切开引流。
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引用次数: 0
Tutorials in climate modeling 气候建模教程
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0134144
L. Seeley
This article describes a learner-centered, tutorial-based approach to climate modeling. Using these tutorials, students in a general education course in global climate change taught in the physics department engaged with compelling, “real-world” questions by drawing on foundational physics concepts along with their prior experiences and conceptual resources in the process of knowledge construction. Students used simulations, energy tracking diagrams, and algebraic analysis to construct climate models that address challenging quantitative questions and reveal key concepts in climate science. Special emphasis was given to the learning goals, pre-requisite knowledge, and conceptual challenges associated with these activities. Instructional materials are provided for educators who wish to adapt these tutorials for use in their own educational context. The supplementary materials are appropriate for both non-science majors and upper-level physics majors.
本文描述了一种以学习者为中心、基于教程的气候建模方法。使用这些教程,在物理系教授的全球气候变化通识教育课程中,学生通过在知识构建过程中利用基础物理概念以及他们先前的经验和概念资源,参与了引人注目的“现实世界”问题。学生们使用模拟、能量跟踪图和代数分析来构建气候模型,以解决具有挑战性的定量问题并揭示气候科学中的关键概念。特别强调了与这些活动有关的学习目标、先决知识和概念挑战。教学材料是为那些希望将这些教程应用于自己的教育环境的教育工作者提供的。本教材既适用于非理科生,也适用于高等物理专业的学生。
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引用次数: 0
A teaching-learning sequence about climate change: From theory to practice 关于气候变化的教学序列:从理论到实践
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0137089
S. Toffaletti, M. Di Mauro, M. Malgieri, T. Rosi, E. Tufino, P. Onorato, S. Oss
We describe a collection of relatively simple experiments and laboratory demonstrations devoted to the physics of Earth's energy balance. Many of the experiments also address fundamental aspects of physics at the undergraduate level. Results of classroom testing of this sequence of activities are presented and discussed.
我们描述了一系列相对简单的实验和实验室演示,致力于地球能量平衡的物理学。许多实验还涉及本科水平的物理学基础方面。本文介绍并讨论了这一系列活动的课堂测试结果。
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引用次数: 0
Climate teaching tidbits 气候教学花絮
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0170182
K. Forinash, R. Tobin, Barbara Whitten, Richard Wolfson, B. Parks
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引用次数: 0
In this issue: Special collection on the environment, sustainability, and climate change 本期:关于环境、可持续发展和气候变化的特辑
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0170053
K. Forinash, R. Tobin, Barbara Whitten, Richard Wolfson, B. Parks
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引用次数: 0
Improved spectral photometer for undergraduate observations of atmospheric infrared heat flux and greenhouse gas absorption bands 用于大学生大气红外热通量和温室气体吸收波段观测的改进分光光度计
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0135029
G. Blanchard, Bryce A. Bowlsbey, James R. Dyess, Ryan D. Rumsey, Justin B. Woodring
We present an experiment investigating the physics of the atmospheric greenhouse effect that can be performed by undergraduate physics students. The students construct a three-channel spectral photometer to observe the infrared heat flux in the atmosphere. With this spectral photometer, the students observe the difference in heat flux between the portion of the IR spectrum that is absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide and the portion that is not absorbed by atmospheric constituents. The students discover that Earth's surface is warmed by radiation from the greenhouse gas absorption bands, and the radiation of heat to space is retarded by the absorption bands. One component of the experiment is performed on the ground and the other component is performed in the atmosphere using a high-altitude balloon. The students then compare their results to a simulation of infrared radiation transport in the atmosphere.
我们提出了一个研究大气温室效应物理学的实验,该实验可以由物理学本科生进行。学生们构造了一个三通道光谱光度计来观察大气中的红外热通量。使用该分光光度计,学生们可以观察被水蒸气和二氧化碳吸收的红外光谱部分与未被大气成分吸收的部分之间的热通量差异。学生们发现,地球表面被温室气体吸收带的辐射加热,热量向太空的辐射被吸收带阻挡。实验的一部分在地面上进行,另一部分使用高空气球在大气中进行。然后,学生们将他们的结果与大气中红外辐射传输的模拟结果进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing a course-based authentic learning experience with upper- and lower-division physics classes 在高年级和低年级物理课堂上实施基于课程的真实学习体验
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0137141
M. H. Jensen, E. Morris, M. W. Ray
We describe a dual-class authentic learning experience (ALE) in which undergraduate upper-division physics students develop low-cost instruments, which are then used by students in a lower-division course to monitor water quality in rivers. The ALE bridges the experiences of lower- and upper-division physics majors by involving students across different stages of their college careers in a collaborative project. Lower-division physics students characterize, calibrate, and troubleshoot the instrument prototypes developed by their upper-division peers, and their work informs instrument modifications in future upper-division physics classes. This paper describes the first iteration of this project along with student perceptions. We find that lower-division students report an increase in their awareness of possible upper-division projects, an increased sense that their coursework has real-world applications, and a heightened understanding of how physicists can play a role in research on environmental issues.
我们描述了一种双班真实学习体验(ALE),在这种体验中,高年级物理系本科生开发低成本的仪器,然后由低年级课程的学生使用这些仪器来监测河流的水质。ALE通过让大学生涯不同阶段的学生参与一个合作项目,将低年级和高年级物理专业的学生联系起来。低年级物理专业的学生对高年级同学开发的仪器原型进行表征、校准和故障排除,他们的工作为高年级物理课程的仪器修改提供了指导。本文描述了这个项目的第一次迭代以及学生的看法。我们发现,低年级的学生报告说,他们对可能的高年级项目的认识有所增加,他们对自己的课程作业具有现实应用的认识有所增加,并且对物理学家如何在环境问题的研究中发挥作用有了更高的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of greenhouse gases on Earth, Venus, and Mars: Beyond the one-blanket model 温室气体对地球、金星和火星的影响:超越单一模式
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0125523
Philip C. Nelson
I present a discussion of the effect of increasing carbon dioxide on planetary climate, at a level suitable for insertion as a module into an upper-level Physics course. The treatment includes two key ingredients that are often missing from more elementary discussions, yet are amenable to analytic methods: First, that convection implies a dependence of surface temperature on the height of the outermost infrared-thick layer; and second, that increasing the level of CO2 closes spectral windows of absorption. These themes are applicable not only to an industrializing Earth but also to our neighboring planets.
我介绍了一个关于二氧化碳增加对行星气候影响的讨论,其水平适合作为模块插入高级物理课程。这种处理包括两个关键成分,这两个成分在更基本的讨论中经常缺失,但适用于分析方法:首先,对流意味着表面温度取决于最外层红外厚层的高度;第二,增加CO2的水平会关闭吸收的光谱窗口。这些主题不仅适用于工业化的地球,也适用于我们邻近的行星。
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引用次数: 0
Essential climate change conversations for introductory physics courses 物理学入门课程的基本气候变化对话
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0137210
A. Daane, J. Noffsinger
Climate change issues have become far more complex and better studied over the last few years. Making sense of how the causes and effects of climate change create a coherent framework can empower learners to engage in productive discourse and to ask deeper questions. Historical contexts, current approaches to mitigate climate change, and future demands are all a part of the ongoing research and efforts. This global, social justice issue will only become more pressing, and we need to support students in making informed decisions about their actions going forward. It is for this reason that we (a physics instructor and an energy consultant) have joined together to create a list of topics that all students should consider as they move through our educational programs.
在过去几年里,气候变化问题变得更加复杂,研究也更加深入。理解气候变化的原因和影响如何创建一个连贯的框架,可以让学习者参与富有成效的对话,并提出更深层次的问题。历史背景、当前缓解气候变化的方法以及未来的需求都是正在进行的研究和努力的一部分。这个全球性的社会正义问题只会变得更加紧迫,我们需要支持学生就他们未来的行动做出明智的决定。正是出于这个原因,我们(一名物理讲师和一名能源顾问)联合起来,创建了一个所有学生在学习我们的教育项目时都应该考虑的主题列表。
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引用次数: 0
Climate sensitivity from radiative-convective equilibrium: A chalkboard approach 辐射对流平衡的气候敏感性:黑板方法
IF 0.9 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1119/5.0135727
N. Jeevanjee
Simple models for Earth's climate sensitivity (i.e. its temperature response to radiative forcing) are developed by combining the time-tested idealization of one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) with simple yet quantitatively reasonable models for CO2 forcing and the water vapor feedback. Along the way, we introduce key paradigms including the emission level approximation, the forcing-feedback decomposition of climate sensitivity, and “Simpson's law” for water vapor thermal emission. We also discuss climate feedbacks unaccounted for in this RCE framework, as well as differing variants of climate sensitivity, all of which may be ripe for their own chalkboard treatments.
地球气候敏感性的简单模型(即其对辐射强迫的温度响应)是通过将一维辐射对流平衡(RCE)的经时间考验的理想化与二氧化碳强迫和水蒸气反馈的简单但定量合理的模型相结合而开发的。在此过程中,我们介绍了关键的范式,包括排放水平近似、气候敏感性的强迫反馈分解和水蒸气热排放的“辛普森定律”。我们还讨论了RCE框架中未说明的气候反馈,以及气候敏感性的不同变体,所有这些都可能适合自己的黑板处理。
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American Journal of Physics
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