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Current concepts and clinical strategies for managing low-birth-weight infants under radiant warmers. 在辐射加热器下管理低出生体重婴儿的当前概念和临床策略。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1987-02-01
S Baumgart
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引用次数: 0
Incubators. 孵化器。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1987-02-01
K H Marks
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引用次数: 0
Environmental, therapeutic devices for infants. 环境，婴儿治疗设备。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1987-02-01
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引用次数: 0
Environmental therapeutic devices for infants. Historical perspective. 婴儿环境治疗装置。历史的角度来看。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1987-02-01
T E Cone
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引用次数: 0
A low cost environmental chamber for temperature-controlled studies. 用于温度控制研究的低成本环境室。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1987-02-01
E C Walker, T L Talbot, C Mudd
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引用次数: 0
A proposed standard for evaluating the thermal performance of pediatric dispersive electrodes. 评估儿童分散电极热性能的拟议标准。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1986-11-01
Y Kim, J G Webster

The authors have collected and analyzed 1,418 data points of current and duration of all electrosurgical unit activations from 23 surgical procedures on infants and children. The maximum radiofrequency current used was 550 mA and the duration was 4 sec. The maximum heating factor of 3.04 A2--sec was recorded at 225 mA for 60 sec. However, most data points lay between currents of 50-200 mA and durations of 1-5 sec. Using a three-dimensional computer model for a child thigh, the authors solved numerically first for the current density distribution, and then second the temperature elevation around pediatric dispersive electrodes. Derived curves showed that the maximum temperature under the electrode is proportional to the applied power and inversely proportional to the conducting area of the electrode. Analyzing results from pediatric current-duration experiments as well as computer simulation studies should assist in the design of new and improved pediatric dispersive electrodes. Finally, the authors propose a new standard for evaluating the thermal performance of pediatric dispersive electrodes.

作者收集并分析了23例婴儿和儿童外科手术中所有电外科单元激活的当前和持续时间的1418个数据点。使用的最大射频电流为550毫安，持续时间为4秒。最大加热系数为3.04 A2-秒，记录为225毫安，持续时间为60秒。然而，大多数数据点位于50-200毫安的电流之间，持续时间为1-5秒。使用儿童大腿的三维计算机模型，作者首先计算了电流密度分布，然后计算了儿童分散电极周围的温度升高。导出的曲线表明，电极下的最高温度与施加的功率成正比，与电极的导电面积成反比。分析儿童电流持续时间实验的结果以及计算机模拟研究应该有助于设计新的和改进的儿童分散电极。最后，作者提出了一个评价小儿分散电极热性能的新标准。
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引用次数: 0
Standards: often an inappropriate response. 标准:通常是不恰当的回应。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1986-11-01
M J Miller
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引用次数: 0
User views on standards for defibrillators. 用户对除颤器标准的看法。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1986-11-01
M B Raber, F S Osman

User views on the need for defibrillator standards were surveyed as part of a multifaceted study of defibrillator use in Canadian hospitals. The majority of users favor standardization of performance, labeling, and use characteristics. They also prefer that all defibrillators incorporate cardioversion capability. Most users prefer that the defibrillator automatically switch to the emergency mode after delivery of a cardioversion shock, but almost one half of the physicians preferred the unit to remain in the synchronized mode as set. Most users are in favor of all equipment operating in the same fashion, but paramedics are not. Only a minority believes that cardioversion features are a cause of confusion, yet conversations with biomedical engineers indicate that this confusion is a common problem among the users. Virtually all users prefer that necessary standards for safety and efficacy should be mandatory for both manufacturers and hospitals.

作为加拿大医院除颤器使用情况多方面研究的一部分，调查了用户对除颤器标准需求的看法。大多数用户赞成性能、标签和使用特性的标准化。他们还希望所有的除颤器都具有复律功能。大多数用户希望除颤器在发生心律转复休克后自动切换到紧急模式，但几乎一半的医生希望除颤器保持在设定的同步模式。大多数用户都赞成所有设备以相同的方式运行，但护理人员却不这样认为。只有少数人认为，心律转复功能是造成混乱的原因，然而与生物医学工程师的对话表明，这种混乱是用户中普遍存在的问题。几乎所有的使用者都倾向于对制造商和医院实行强制性的安全性和有效性标准。
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引用次数: 0
How to avoid surface burns during electrosurgery. 电手术中如何避免表面烧伤。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1986-11-01
W Irnich

Electrosurgical burns are said to be the most common electrical hazards in operating rooms. Characteristic of all burns is that the user is not sufficiently familiar with electrosurgery, its power, and possible dangers. The simplest way to avoid burns is to educate those engaged in electrosurgery. There always will remain a risk that should lead to technical solution of the problem. From the physics of electrosurgery and heat production, it can be shown that a residual voltage across the neutral electrode plays a dominant role. To monitor this voltage and process it in an appropriate way will open new possibilities in avoiding burns.

电外科烧伤据说是手术室中最常见的电气危害。所有烧伤的特点是使用者对电外科手术、其功率和可能的危险不够熟悉。避免烧伤最简单的方法是对从事电外科手术的人员进行教育。总会有一个风险，应该导致技术解决问题。从电外科和热生产的物理，它可以表明，在中性电极上的残余电压起主导作用。监测这种电压并以适当的方式处理它将为避免烧伤开辟新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The cause of stimulation with electrosurgical current. 电手术电流刺激的原因。
Medical instrumentation
Pub Date : 1986-11-01
K S Foster, L A Geddes
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引用次数: 0
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