Neuropatologia polska最新文献

The normal distribution of astrocytes in the temporal lobe of the newborn and that occurring as consequence of perinatal pathology was compared. The astrocytes were revealed by immunohistochemical visualization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The intensity of positive reaction correlates well with the maturation of various white structures. In the group with hypoxic encephalopathy the GFAP-positive reaction was clearly related to the observed neuropathological changes. Intensive reaction in the area of U-fibers confirmed the susceptibility of this region to hypoxic damage. The presence of GFAP-positive cells within Ammon's horn indicates that the degree of reaction depends on the intensity and duration of the lesions.

Experiments were performed on six male cats under nitrous oxide in oxygen anesthesia. Animals were paralysed and artificially ventilated. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was produced by basilar artery puncture following clivectomy. After 10 minutes (3 cats) and 60 minutes (3 cats) the basilar artery was dissected and fixed for electronmicroscopic examination. Ultrastructural examinations revealed in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells on the side of the vessel lumen, the presence of spherical or flattened cylindrical structures identified as Weibel-Palade bodies. In the endothelium of the proximal segment, 10 and 60 minutes after puncture, the number of these electron-dense bodies increased, and was higher than in the corresponding distal segment. The possible role of the Weibel-Palade bodies in SAH after-effects is discussed.

Myelin proteins composition was examined in material of 20 autoptic cases at ages from 20 to 97 years. The technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isotachophoresis was applied. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a progressive increase starting at the age of 60 years of Wolfgram protein at the expense of Folch-Lees proteolipid protein and DM-20 protein was observed. The myelin-associated protein started to increase in the 4th and 5th decade of life, returning thereafter to values observed in younger cases. The isotachophoretic technique did not differentiate the changes observed in myelin protein in the course of aging.

Some lectins were used to study the localization of sugar residues on the endothelial cell surface in the pia mater blood vessels of control (WKY) and hypertensive rats (SHR). The lectins tested recognized the following residues: beta-D-galactosyl (Ricinus communis agglutinin 120, RCA-1), alpha-L-fucosyl (Ulex europaeus agglutinin, UEA-1), N-acetylglucosaminyl and sialyl (Wheat germ agglutinin, WGA), N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Limax flavus agglutinin, LFA), and N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl (Helix pomatia agglutinin, HPA). Several differences were revealed in the presence of sugar receptors on the surface of endothelial cells between the control and the hypertensive rats. Our studies showed also differences in the localization of the tested glycoconjugates between pial capillaries, small, medium-size and large pial arteries. The histochemical evaluation of alkaline phosphatase revealed an increased activity of the enzyme in the pial vessels of SHRs as compared with control rats with a similar localization of the enzyme activity. Some differences in the distribution of lectin binding sites and alkaline phosphatase activity could be associated with the different functions of particular segments of the pial vascular network.

The aim of the study was to compare ultrastructural brain changes in aging normal rabbits and in pt mutants with CNS hypomyelination. The study was performed on material of pt and healthy 3- and 4-year-old rabbits and on the control group of adult rabbits aged up to 2 years. Ultrastructural changes in both aging normal and pt rabbits included lipofuscin accumulation in glial and nerve cells, wide extension of astrocytic processes around vessels and in neuropil, thinning of capillary endothelial and their lumen distension, neuroaxonal dystrophy and incidence of degenerated dendrites and synaptic terminals. These changes, especially degeneration of axons and dendrites were much more frequent in the pt mutants than in normal rabbits. Moreover, myelin sheath abnormalities, similar as in younger pt rabbits were a characteristic feature in the aging mutants, whereas, the myelin in aging normal rabbits was well preserved, probably because the white matter changes are rather a later event in senescence. It is concluded, that with the exception of white matter affection in mutants, the age-related changes do not vary much qualitatively between pt and normal rabbit, although they are distinctly enhanced and develop earlier in mutants. Further studies are needed for evaluation of the influence of the aging process on the white matter changes in association with pt mutation and under normal conditions in animals of more advanced age.

Clinical, histological and histochemical features of anaplastic temporal ganglioglioma in a 30-year-old woman are described. Short clinical course (preoperative 2 years, postoperative 6 months), anaplastic features of glial astrocytic component with scarce GFAP and negative vimentin immunostaining indicate aggressive character of the tumor. Ganglionic component is confirmed by the strong Con A affinity and discrete FN and NSE immunostaining.

Neuropathological analysis of spinal cord and spinal roots as well as spinal leptomeninges after intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy was performed in 44 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of high malignancy. It was showed that MTX applied according to the program applied as a prophylaxis against lymphomatous infiltrations in the central nervous system, caused demyelination of spinal roots and fibrosis of leptomeninges and their blood vessels. However, it does not affect spinal cord structures. Described morphological changes remained clinically mute, therefore they do not seem counterindicate prophylactic intrathecal MTX application.

By means of the radioimmunologic method changes of concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha)--the stable metabolite of prostacyclin in the rat brain have been evaluated during 5-min clinical death and up to 2 hrs after resuscitation. Ischemia did not produce significant changes of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration in the brain. In the early postresuscitation period the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 in the and 7-fold control values. Later the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the brain decreased reaching in 30 min a 3-fold the control level, and in 60 and 120 min after resuscitation control values. The reasons of unsuccessful therapy of ischemic stroke with prostacyclin are discussed.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant tumors, especially often associated with nonmetastatic neurological disorders, corresponding to paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. The pathogenesis of which is unknown, however, mostly attributed to autoimmune processes. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of the peripheral nervous system damage in SCLC. To provide further data contributing to the pathomechanism underlying these syndromes, immunocytochemical studies were initiated. Autopsy material was collected from 47 cases of SCLC. All these patients were examined clinically. The sections from the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord with spinal roots and dorsal root ganglia were taken. For immunohistochemistry following antisera were used: GFAP, MBP, IgG, IgM, ferritin, ubiquitin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C3 and C5b9 complement fractions. In 18 patients peripheral nervous system disturbances were diagnosed neurologically, 21 of cases presented neuromuscular disorders by emg. Among the nonmetastatic lesions most often a damage of dorsal root ganglia was observed (in 33 cases). Degeneration of the spinal roots was absent only in 8 cases. In 21 cases degenerative changes of motor neurons within anterior horn were present. In no case ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies within the motor neurons could be found. In 8 cases extravasation of the IgG with diffuse labeling of the grey matter was observed. IgM immunoreactivity was markedly less frequently present, C5b9 complement fraction immunoreactivity was also confined only to cases with peripheral nervous system disturbances. Therefore, our preliminary data seem to confirm the participation of humoral immunity in paraneoplastic syndrome pathogenesis.