Wahiba Boukhelouf, A. Si Bachir, Farid Mezerdi, C. Ghazi, Y. Saouache
This study aims to update the list of Nitidulidae species observed on date palms in Algeria (Ziban region), their spatial dynamics according to the development stages (larva, pupa, adult), and the effectiveness of the bagging operation. In 2020, we sampled and examined 1800 dates of the Deglet Nour variety from three palm groves managed with different protection modes: yellow bagging, white bagging, and no bagging. The results obtained mention the presence of nine species of Nitidulidae with five species reported for the first time on dates in Algeria. The highest relative abundance (RA) of Nitidulidae beetles was noted in the southern (28%) direction. However, the variation of infestation rate (IR) according to the direction was not very accentuated. The GLM analysis showed that, except for the adult stage, the direction presented a highly significant effect on the RA variation of the total Nitudilidae, the larva and pupa stages (p < 0.0001), but there was no significant effect of direction on the IR in all studied cases. The highest RA of total Nitidulidae was found on the white plastic-protected dates (RA = 42%), the IR of the total Nitidulidae was higher on dates protected by yellow plastic (IR = 38%). The unprotected dates recorded the lowest RA and IR for all studied cases and the effect of bagging type on the RA variation of Nitidulidae, in all studied cases, was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001). This effect on the IR was very highly significant only for total Nitudilidae, larvae, and adults (p < 0.0001). So, the southern direction presents the best conditions for sheltering the largest numbers of Nitidulidae. The latter also has a marked preference for bunches covered by plastic bags rather than for those left uncovered. This implies the ineffectiveness of the operation of protecting dates with plastic bags, especially the yellow-coloured ones.
这项研究的目的是更新在阿尔及利亚（齐班地区）椰枣上观察到的 Nitidulidae 物种清单，根据发育阶段（幼虫、蛹、成虫）更新它们的空间动态，以及套袋操作的有效性。2020 年，我们对三个棕榈园的 1800 个 Deglet Nour 品种的椰枣进行了取样和检查，这些棕榈园采用了不同的保护模式：黄色套袋、白色套袋和不套袋。结果发现有 9 种 Nitidulidae，其中 5 种是首次在阿尔及利亚的椰枣上发现。在南部，Nitidulidae 甲虫的相对丰度（RA）最高（28%）。然而，虫害率（IR）随方向的变化并不明显。GLM 分析表明，除成虫阶段外，方向对全部 Nitidulidae 甲虫、幼虫和蛹阶段的 RA 变化有非常显著的影响（p < 0.0001），但在所有研究案例中，方向对 IR 没有显著影响。在白色塑料保护的椰枣中，总硝虫的RA最高（RA = 42%），在黄色塑料保护的椰枣中，总硝虫的IR较高（IR = 38%）。在所有研究的情况下，未受保护的椰枣记录的 RA 和 IR 最低，在所有研究的情况下，套袋类型对硝虫 RA 变化的影响在统计学上非常显著（p < 0.0001）。这种对 IR 的影响仅对全部 Nitidulidae、幼虫和成虫非常显著（p < 0.0001）。因此，南向是栖息最多裸鲤的最佳地点。后者还明显偏爱有塑料袋遮盖的果穗，而不是没有塑料袋遮盖的果穗。这说明用塑料袋，特别是黄颜色的塑料袋保护椰枣的效果不佳。
{"title":"Sap beetles (Nitidulidae) of date palms of the Deglet Nour variety in the Ziban region (Algeria): distribution patterns and effectiveness of date bunch bagging","authors":"Wahiba Boukhelouf, A. Si Bachir, Farid Mezerdi, C. Ghazi, Y. Saouache","doi":"10.2478/ats-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to update the list of Nitidulidae species observed on date palms in Algeria (Ziban region), their spatial dynamics according to the development stages (larva, pupa, adult), and the effectiveness of the bagging operation. In 2020, we sampled and examined 1800 dates of the Deglet Nour variety from three palm groves managed with different protection modes: yellow bagging, white bagging, and no bagging. The results obtained mention the presence of nine species of Nitidulidae with five species reported for the first time on dates in Algeria. The highest relative abundance (RA) of Nitidulidae beetles was noted in the southern (28%) direction. However, the variation of infestation rate (IR) according to the direction was not very accentuated. The GLM analysis showed that, except for the adult stage, the direction presented a highly significant effect on the RA variation of the total Nitudilidae, the larva and pupa stages (p < 0.0001), but there was no significant effect of direction on the IR in all studied cases. The highest RA of total Nitidulidae was found on the white plastic-protected dates (RA = 42%), the IR of the total Nitidulidae was higher on dates protected by yellow plastic (IR = 38%). The unprotected dates recorded the lowest RA and IR for all studied cases and the effect of bagging type on the RA variation of Nitidulidae, in all studied cases, was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001). This effect on the IR was very highly significant only for total Nitudilidae, larvae, and adults (p < 0.0001). So, the southern direction presents the best conditions for sheltering the largest numbers of Nitidulidae. The latter also has a marked preference for bunches covered by plastic bags rather than for those left uncovered. This implies the ineffectiveness of the operation of protecting dates with plastic bags, especially the yellow-coloured ones.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"71 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basiru Saadu, Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim, Buhari Nazifi, Akinyemi Mudashiru
The study determined the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption on crop yield, income, and food security status of smallholder farmers in north-western Nigeria using a sample of 377 farming households. Descriptive statistics, farm budgeting, probit regression model, and treatment effect model were used for data analysis. The result revealed that 82 % of the respondents are adopters of the CSA practices. Significant differences exist in the socioeconomic attributes of the adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices. More so, adopters had significantly larger farm sizes of about 4.0ha compared to 3.4ha for non-adopters. The major CSA practices adopted include crop rotation, application of organic and inorganic fertilisers, and multiple cropping. The major determinants of CSA practices adoption are age, membership of an association, and awareness of climate change impact. The result further shows that CSA adoption will increase technical efficiency scores by 21.9 %, crop income by ₦19,389 ($17.62) per hectare, while the household per capita expenditure on food will also increase by ₦21,938 ($20.0) This implies that the adoption of climate-smart agriculture significantly improved crop yield, income and food security status of smallholder farmers. To sustain the benefits of CSA practices adoption, farmers should be supported so that they do not discontinue its adoption. Credit availability should also be facilitated by the government to enable farmers to obtain relevant agricultural inputs to complement the adoption of CSA practices.
{"title":"Adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and its impact on smallholder farming households in some rural areas of North-Western Nigeria","authors":"Basiru Saadu, Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim, Buhari Nazifi, Akinyemi Mudashiru","doi":"10.2478/ats-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study determined the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption on crop yield, income, and food security status of smallholder farmers in north-western Nigeria using a sample of 377 farming households. Descriptive statistics, farm budgeting, probit regression model, and treatment effect model were used for data analysis. The result revealed that 82 % of the respondents are adopters of the CSA practices. Significant differences exist in the socioeconomic attributes of the adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices. More so, adopters had significantly larger farm sizes of about 4.0ha compared to 3.4ha for non-adopters. The major CSA practices adopted include crop rotation, application of organic and inorganic fertilisers, and multiple cropping. The major determinants of CSA practices adoption are age, membership of an association, and awareness of climate change impact. The result further shows that CSA adoption will increase technical efficiency scores by 21.9 %, crop income by ₦19,389 ($17.62) per hectare, while the household per capita expenditure on food will also increase by ₦21,938 ($20.0) This implies that the adoption of climate-smart agriculture significantly improved crop yield, income and food security status of smallholder farmers. To sustain the benefits of CSA practices adoption, farmers should be supported so that they do not discontinue its adoption. Credit availability should also be facilitated by the government to enable farmers to obtain relevant agricultural inputs to complement the adoption of CSA practices.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. A. Williams, Adetutu Victoria Babatunde, Fatimah Damilola Bello, Bolajoko Suliat Alausa, Adebayo Oluwafemi Adewale
The use of antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production has been the norm in developing countries, however, the increased rate of antibiotic resistance in humans has resulted in the search for alternatives without negative residual effects. This study investigated the effect of dietary olive garlic extract oil (OGEO) supplementation on the performance and haematological indices of broilers. The experiment lasted for 42 days and broilers were fed varying levels of OGEO‑supplemented diets at the starter (0–21 days) and finisher (22–42 days) phases using two hundred and forty unsexed Ross broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated for the two phases and the diets were designated as diet 1(control (without OGEO)) while diets 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with OGEO at 1 % (10 g/kg diet) 3 % (30 g/kg diet) and 5 % (50 g/kg diet). Each had four replicates containing fifteen birds per replicate. Performance was measured weekly and haematological indices were determined on days 21 and 42. Data collected were analysed in a one‑way analysis of variance (SAS, 2000) and significant differences were determined using Tukey’s test. Body weight (BW) increased linearly (L) (p = 0.003) and quadratically (Q) (p = 0.006) with dietary supplementation of OGEO at 1 % for broilers on day 21. Similarly, at day 42, BW increased (L, p = 0.006; Q, p = 0.029) for the broiler on the same treatment. Mortality reduced (Q, p = 0.035) for broilers fed 1 % OGEO‑supplemented diet at day 42. At day 21, Packed cell volume (PCV, 47.33 %) (Q, p = 0.033) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 130.83pg) (Q, p = 0.008) increased for broilers fed 1 % and 3 % OGEO supplemented diet respectively. Supplementation of OGEO at 3 % increased (Q, p = 0.036) PCV (37.33 %) and haemoglobin (Q, p = 0.021) (137.30 g/L) at day 42. In conclusion, the supplementation of OGEO in the diet of broilers at 1 % resulted in improved WG and reduced mortality. The PCV and haemoglobin of broilers can be increased with the supplementation of OGEO up to 3 % in the diet of broilers; it is thus a suitable alternative to antibiotics for improved performance and immunity.
{"title":"Dietary olive‑garlic extract oil supplementation: influence on performance and haematological indices of broilers","authors":"G. A. Williams, Adetutu Victoria Babatunde, Fatimah Damilola Bello, Bolajoko Suliat Alausa, Adebayo Oluwafemi Adewale","doi":"10.2478/ats-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production has been the norm in developing countries, however, the increased rate of antibiotic resistance in humans has resulted in the search for alternatives without negative residual effects. This study investigated the effect of dietary olive garlic extract oil (OGEO) supplementation on the performance and haematological indices of broilers. The experiment lasted for 42 days and broilers were fed varying levels of OGEO‑supplemented diets at the starter (0–21 days) and finisher (22–42 days) phases using two hundred and forty unsexed Ross broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated for the two phases and the diets were designated as diet 1(control (without OGEO)) while diets 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with OGEO at 1 % (10 g/kg diet) 3 % (30 g/kg diet) and 5 % (50 g/kg diet). Each had four replicates containing fifteen birds per replicate. Performance was measured weekly and haematological indices were determined on days 21 and 42. Data collected were analysed in a one‑way analysis of variance (SAS, 2000) and significant differences were determined using Tukey’s test. Body weight (BW) increased linearly (L) (p = 0.003) and quadratically (Q) (p = 0.006) with dietary supplementation of OGEO at 1 % for broilers on day 21. Similarly, at day 42, BW increased (L, p = 0.006; Q, p = 0.029) for the broiler on the same treatment. Mortality reduced (Q, p = 0.035) for broilers fed 1 % OGEO‑supplemented diet at day 42. At day 21, Packed cell volume (PCV, 47.33 %) (Q, p = 0.033) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 130.83pg) (Q, p = 0.008) increased for broilers fed 1 % and 3 % OGEO supplemented diet respectively. Supplementation of OGEO at 3 % increased (Q, p = 0.036) PCV (37.33 %) and haemoglobin (Q, p = 0.021) (137.30 g/L) at day 42. In conclusion, the supplementation of OGEO in the diet of broilers at 1 % resulted in improved WG and reduced mortality. The PCV and haemoglobin of broilers can be increased with the supplementation of OGEO up to 3 % in the diet of broilers; it is thus a suitable alternative to antibiotics for improved performance and immunity.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yahqub, Abdulwahab Ibrahim Jimoh, Ayodele Owonubi
Land use changes influence soil quality, which is of fundamental importance in sustainable crop production and environmental management. This study evaluated land use impact on soil quality at Samaru College of Agriculture farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The land use types were Tomato/Pepper, Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin, Mango/Orange, and Guava/Mango. A profile pit was dug in each land unit. Soil samples were collected from genetic horizons, prepared, and analysed in the laboratory using standard methods. Sand, silt, and clay differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the land uses. The soil texture varied from clay loam to clay. Bulk density (BD) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher under Mango/Orange and Guava/Mango than other land use types. The soil reaction (pH) ranged from 5.0 to 5.8 and was strongly to moderately acidic. Soil organic carbon was low (< 10 g/kg), total nitrogen values of 0.19 – 0.24 g/kg were low, and available phosphorus values of 1.8 – 27.4 mg/kg were rated low to high across the land use types. Soils under the Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin land use type were significantly higher in organic carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, and effective cation exchange capacity than the other land use types. Soil quality under Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin was rated best (80 %), whereas soil quality under Tomato/Pepper land use type was the worst (40 %). The soils were low-to-high in quality and had a higher potential to support crop production if management practices that encourage the build-up of nutrients in the soil system were adopted. The application of manure, liming materials, and phosphorus-based fertilisers is advocated.
{"title":"Evaluation of land use impact on soil quality in Samaru College of Agriculture, Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria","authors":"M. Yahqub, Abdulwahab Ibrahim Jimoh, Ayodele Owonubi","doi":"10.2478/ats-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Land use changes influence soil quality, which is of fundamental importance in sustainable crop production and environmental management. This study evaluated land use impact on soil quality at Samaru College of Agriculture farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The land use types were Tomato/Pepper, Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin, Mango/Orange, and Guava/Mango. A profile pit was dug in each land unit. Soil samples were collected from genetic horizons, prepared, and analysed in the laboratory using standard methods. Sand, silt, and clay differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the land uses. The soil texture varied from clay loam to clay. Bulk density (BD) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher under Mango/Orange and Guava/Mango than other land use types. The soil reaction (pH) ranged from 5.0 to 5.8 and was strongly to moderately acidic. Soil organic carbon was low (< 10 g/kg), total nitrogen values of 0.19 – 0.24 g/kg were low, and available phosphorus values of 1.8 – 27.4 mg/kg were rated low to high across the land use types. Soils under the Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin land use type were significantly higher in organic carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, and effective cation exchange capacity than the other land use types. Soil quality under Grapevine/Fluted pumpkin was rated best (80 %), whereas soil quality under Tomato/Pepper land use type was the worst (40 %). The soils were low-to-high in quality and had a higher potential to support crop production if management practices that encourage the build-up of nutrients in the soil system were adopted. The application of manure, liming materials, and phosphorus-based fertilisers is advocated.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Poverty is a critical factor affecting subsistence of farmers in Nigeria, especially in rural areas. The study examined determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the research objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, determine the poverty status of the respondents, and examine the determinants of poverty among the respondents. Primary data used for the studies were generated from 255 respondents, who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The analytical tools used were descriptive, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), and Logit regression models. The findings of the study revealed that the majority (90.98 %) of rural farming household heads were men, married (90.20 %) with a mean age of 38.42 years, educated (76.48 %), with a mean farm size of 2.65 ha and mean household size of 5 people. The majority (85.88 %) of the respondents had no access to credit. The study further revealed that respondents’ distributions by poverty status were 0.42, 0.23, and 0.16 for poverty incidence (Po), poverty depth (P1), and poverty severity (P2), respectively. The result of the Logit regression model revealed that sex, formal education, primary occupation, access to credit, total income, and annual remittances had a positive influence on poverty status, while age, marital status, and household size had a negative influence on poverty status among farming households and were statistically significant at various levels. Hence the study recommends need for the farming households to have access to credit schemes. This could increase the off-farm activities that could generate more income for the household and thereby reduce their poverty.
{"title":"Determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Maiha Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Yahaya Zira Dia, D. S. Oaya, Jaafaru Joshua","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poverty is a critical factor affecting subsistence of farmers in Nigeria, especially in rural areas. The study examined determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the research objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, determine the poverty status of the respondents, and examine the determinants of poverty among the respondents. Primary data used for the studies were generated from 255 respondents, who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The analytical tools used were descriptive, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), and Logit regression models. The findings of the study revealed that the majority (90.98 %) of rural farming household heads were men, married (90.20 %) with a mean age of 38.42 years, educated (76.48 %), with a mean farm size of 2.65 ha and mean household size of 5 people. The majority (85.88 %) of the respondents had no access to credit. The study further revealed that respondents’ distributions by poverty status were 0.42, 0.23, and 0.16 for poverty incidence (Po), poverty depth (P1), and poverty severity (P2), respectively. The result of the Logit regression model revealed that sex, formal education, primary occupation, access to credit, total income, and annual remittances had a positive influence on poverty status, while age, marital status, and household size had a negative influence on poverty status among farming households and were statistically significant at various levels. Hence the study recommends need for the farming households to have access to credit schemes. This could increase the off-farm activities that could generate more income for the household and thereby reduce their poverty.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safiel Kangalu Mteta, B. Massawe, P. Ruvuga, D. Maleko
Abstract Improved cultivars (cvs.) of Brachiaria hybrid and Pennisetum purpureum forages have been studied extensively in research settings but still there is a paucity of information about their on-farm performance. This study was therefore set to evaluate the on-farm performance of Brachiaria hybrid cvs. Cayman and Cobra, and Pennisetum purpureum cvs. ILRI 16835 and Ouma in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. A total of 30 smallholder dairy farmers who cultivated these improved forage grasses were involved in this study. A 2 m × 2 m sub-plot was marked in established pasture plots and a standardised cut at a 5–7 cm stubble height was done at the beginning of this study. The forage growth performance was conducted from April–July, 2021 (dry period) in two phases of 6 weeks each. These cultivars were evaluated for their above-ground growth performance and nutritional values at the end of each phase. Plant height, leaf length, leaf widths, and number of tillers per plant among cultivars varied significantly (p < 0.05) while above-ground forage biomass did not vary among cultivars (p > 0.05). Crude protein values did not vary significantly among cultivars (p > 0.05), they were 131–141 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). These values were not able to meet the nutritional requirements of the lactating dairy cow. Brachiaria hybrid cv. Cayman had the lowest (p < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 539 g kg−1 DM) compared to other cultivars (545–571 g kg−1 DM), hence high digestibility. It was concluded that Cayman was the best cultivar for forage production in the Southern Highlands, Tanzania due to its low NDF content. However, lower biomass warrants mixing of Cayman with other feeds to meet the daily requirements of a lactating dairy cow.
摘要对腕足草(Brachiaria)和紫荆草(Pennisetum purpureum)饲料的改良品种进行了广泛的研究，但对其在农场中的表现却知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在评价腕鱼杂交cvs的田间性能。开曼蛇和眼镜蛇，还有狼尾草。坦桑尼亚南部高地的ILRI 16835和Ouma。共有30名种植这些改良牧草的小奶农参与了这项研究。在已建立的牧场地块上标记一个2 m × 2 m的子地块，并在研究开始时进行5-7 cm茬高的标准化切割。试验于2021年4 - 7月(旱期)分两期进行，每期6周。在各生育期末对这些品种的地上部生长性能和营养价值进行评价。不同品种间株高、叶长、叶宽和单株分蘖数差异显著(p < 0.05)，地上牧草生物量差异不显著(p > 0.05)。各品种间粗蛋白质值差异不显著(p > 0.05)，均为131 ~ 141 g kg−1干物质(DM)。这些值不能满足泌乳奶牛的营养需求。腕鱼杂交种。开曼品种的中性洗涤纤维(NDF, 539 g kg - 1 DM)较其他品种(545 ~ 571 g kg - 1 DM)最低(p < 0.05)，消化率较高。结果表明，由于其NDF含量低，开曼是坦桑尼亚南部高地牧草生产的最佳品种。然而，较低的生物量需要将开曼饲料与其他饲料混合，以满足泌乳奶牛的日常需求。
{"title":"On-farm evaluation of growth performance and nutritional values of Brachiaria hybrid and Pennisetum purpureum cultivars in Southern Highlands, Tanzania","authors":"Safiel Kangalu Mteta, B. Massawe, P. Ruvuga, D. Maleko","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Improved cultivars (cvs.) of Brachiaria hybrid and Pennisetum purpureum forages have been studied extensively in research settings but still there is a paucity of information about their on-farm performance. This study was therefore set to evaluate the on-farm performance of Brachiaria hybrid cvs. Cayman and Cobra, and Pennisetum purpureum cvs. ILRI 16835 and Ouma in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. A total of 30 smallholder dairy farmers who cultivated these improved forage grasses were involved in this study. A 2 m × 2 m sub-plot was marked in established pasture plots and a standardised cut at a 5–7 cm stubble height was done at the beginning of this study. The forage growth performance was conducted from April–July, 2021 (dry period) in two phases of 6 weeks each. These cultivars were evaluated for their above-ground growth performance and nutritional values at the end of each phase. Plant height, leaf length, leaf widths, and number of tillers per plant among cultivars varied significantly (p < 0.05) while above-ground forage biomass did not vary among cultivars (p > 0.05). Crude protein values did not vary significantly among cultivars (p > 0.05), they were 131–141 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). These values were not able to meet the nutritional requirements of the lactating dairy cow. Brachiaria hybrid cv. Cayman had the lowest (p < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 539 g kg−1 DM) compared to other cultivars (545–571 g kg−1 DM), hence high digestibility. It was concluded that Cayman was the best cultivar for forage production in the Southern Highlands, Tanzania due to its low NDF content. However, lower biomass warrants mixing of Cayman with other feeds to meet the daily requirements of a lactating dairy cow.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"39 1","pages":"12 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88458209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Synthetic chemicals continue to play an important role in reducing storage losses attributable to insect pest activities. However, the adverse effects associated with some patented chemicals make synthetic pesticides less attractive and have given the drive to search for alternative methods of pest control. This study evaluated the effects of a traditional gin, akpeteshie crude extracts made of four timber species, neem ( Azadirachta indica ), mahogany ( Khaya senegalensis ), teak ( Tectona grandis ) and cedrela ( Cedrela odorata ) on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize grains in the laboratory. Home-made extracts of the test tree plants at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2% were tested as grain protectants or as insect poisons. All tested extracts in their respective concentrations performed well in the reduction of live insects during maize storage as compared to a non-extract treatment. The mode of action of all the extracts was generally concentration and time-dependent. On average neem extract was the most effective followed by mahogany, teak, and cedrela in that order. Neem and mahogany extracts performed well in reducing grain damage at a concentration of 2% and at 0.5% concentration of cedrela extract respectively. All extracts reduced progeny emergence and acted both as a repellent or a toxicant. The extracts performed better as compared to the untreated control in the viability of maize seeds leading to germination, and subsequent seedling emergence. The relatively low weight loss of the stored grains treated with these crude extracts during the 90-day experimental period at a maximum concentration of 2% is predictive that they can be adopted as safe and alternative grain protectants against weevils in store. The unknown phytochemicals in these akpeteshie hardwood extracts may be responsible for the insecticidal properties against the weevils. For some concentrations of the extracts, germination was inconsistent which led to the suspicion of allelopathy.
{"title":"Effects of biopesticides extracted with a homemade solvent on stored maize protection","authors":"Henry Ofosuhene Sintim, Kwame Duodu Ansah","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic chemicals continue to play an important role in reducing storage losses attributable to insect pest activities. However, the adverse effects associated with some patented chemicals make synthetic pesticides less attractive and have given the drive to search for alternative methods of pest control. This study evaluated the effects of a traditional gin, akpeteshie crude extracts made of four timber species, neem ( Azadirachta indica ), mahogany ( Khaya senegalensis ), teak ( Tectona grandis ) and cedrela ( Cedrela odorata ) on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais on stored maize grains in the laboratory. Home-made extracts of the test tree plants at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2% were tested as grain protectants or as insect poisons. All tested extracts in their respective concentrations performed well in the reduction of live insects during maize storage as compared to a non-extract treatment. The mode of action of all the extracts was generally concentration and time-dependent. On average neem extract was the most effective followed by mahogany, teak, and cedrela in that order. Neem and mahogany extracts performed well in reducing grain damage at a concentration of 2% and at 0.5% concentration of cedrela extract respectively. All extracts reduced progeny emergence and acted both as a repellent or a toxicant. The extracts performed better as compared to the untreated control in the viability of maize seeds leading to germination, and subsequent seedling emergence. The relatively low weight loss of the stored grains treated with these crude extracts during the 90-day experimental period at a maximum concentration of 2% is predictive that they can be adopted as safe and alternative grain protectants against weevils in store. The unknown phytochemicals in these akpeteshie hardwood extracts may be responsible for the insecticidal properties against the weevils. For some concentrations of the extracts, germination was inconsistent which led to the suspicion of allelopathy.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135599788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study aimed to characterise three breeds of pullets based on their biometric differentiation and the effects of age on their body linear measurement. The three breeds of pullets under consideration were Noiler (N), FUNAAB Alpha (FUN), and ISA Brown (ISA). This study used two hundred and five pullets raised from a day old. At the 19 th , 21 st , and 23 rd week of rearing, the pullets were weighed individually, and linear body measurements were taken. There was no significantly different effect ( p > 0.05) between FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler breeds in all the traits considered at week 19, while a significant difference ( p < 0.05) was observed between ISA Brown and others in all the traits except in breast girth (FUN-11.57 and ISA-10.46) and wing length (N-7.45 and ISA-6.97). The significant effects of breed and age occurred especially on the body weight for all the three ages under consideration ( p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between body weight and body measurements in all three breeds of pullets under investigation. The increase in the growth rate of any of the components increased live weight gain. The body weight of pullets could be determined accurately using body measurements such as wing length, wing span, and breast girth.
{"title":"Biometric differentiation of growth traits in pullet breeds in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Adelani Abayomi Adeoye, Olubisi Oluseun Oyeleye, Jessie Ezekiel Udoh","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed to characterise three breeds of pullets based on their biometric differentiation and the effects of age on their body linear measurement. The three breeds of pullets under consideration were Noiler (N), FUNAAB Alpha (FUN), and ISA Brown (ISA). This study used two hundred and five pullets raised from a day old. At the 19 th , 21 st , and 23 rd week of rearing, the pullets were weighed individually, and linear body measurements were taken. There was no significantly different effect ( p > 0.05) between FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler breeds in all the traits considered at week 19, while a significant difference ( p < 0.05) was observed between ISA Brown and others in all the traits except in breast girth (FUN-11.57 and ISA-10.46) and wing length (N-7.45 and ISA-6.97). The significant effects of breed and age occurred especially on the body weight for all the three ages under consideration ( p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between body weight and body measurements in all three breeds of pullets under investigation. The increase in the growth rate of any of the components increased live weight gain. The body weight of pullets could be determined accurately using body measurements such as wing length, wing span, and breast girth.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Productivity of agricultural labour is central to the improvement of livelihoods of rural population. This study used an instrumental variable approach to examine the impact of healthcare facilities use on household labour productivity using distance to healthcare facilities as an instrument. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 200 households comprising 96 users and 104 non-users of healthcare facilities. The result revealed that the agricultural productivity of users of healthcare facilities was ₦652.34 (USD 1.65) per man-day higher than non-users. The result further showed that age ( p < 0.1), sex ( p < 0.05), contact with health extension worker ( p < 0.01), incapacitation due to illness ( p < 0.05) and distance to healthcare facilities ( p < 0.01) significantly influenced the decision to use healthcare facilities while membership of cooperative society ( p < 0.05), area cultivated and use of health care facilities ( p < 0.1) significantly influenced labour productivity. The study concluded that increased distance to healthcare facilities reduces its utilisation while being member of cooperative society and utilisation of healthcare facilities increases labour productivity. This study recommended that health extension workers need to intensify their efforts in educating the households on the need to use healthcare facilities when they are sick; this is expected to improve the healthy time of the households which will invariably increase their productivity.
{"title":"Impact of the decision to use healthcare facilities among farming households on labour productivity in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"Kazeem Oriyomi Aboaba, Akeem Adesina Akamo, Tohib Oyeyode Obalola, Samson Oluwaseyi Afolayan","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Productivity of agricultural labour is central to the improvement of livelihoods of rural population. This study used an instrumental variable approach to examine the impact of healthcare facilities use on household labour productivity using distance to healthcare facilities as an instrument. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 200 households comprising 96 users and 104 non-users of healthcare facilities. The result revealed that the agricultural productivity of users of healthcare facilities was ₦652.34 (USD 1.65) per man-day higher than non-users. The result further showed that age ( p < 0.1), sex ( p < 0.05), contact with health extension worker ( p < 0.01), incapacitation due to illness ( p < 0.05) and distance to healthcare facilities ( p < 0.01) significantly influenced the decision to use healthcare facilities while membership of cooperative society ( p < 0.05), area cultivated and use of health care facilities ( p < 0.1) significantly influenced labour productivity. The study concluded that increased distance to healthcare facilities reduces its utilisation while being member of cooperative society and utilisation of healthcare facilities increases labour productivity. This study recommended that health extension workers need to intensify their efforts in educating the households on the need to use healthcare facilities when they are sick; this is expected to improve the healthy time of the households which will invariably increase their productivity.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Reality Television Show (RTS), an emerging variant of entertainment education, is renowned for its popularity among audiences all over the world, making it a great medium for conveying targeted educational messages to specific audiences. However, it is yet to be exploited for disseminating agriculture-related concepts such as Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Therefore, this study examined farmers’ propensity to use RTS for information on CSA strategies in southwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 121 farmers for this study. Using an interview schedule, data were collected on farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, sources of information on climate change and CSA, awareness of RTS, perceived constraints, and the propensity of its use for information on climate-smart agriculture strategies. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means) and inferential (PPMC) statistics at p = 0.05. Farmers were mostly male (55.4%), smallholders (1.6 ± 1.3 ha), and aged 44.9 ± 12.7 years. While most of the farmers (66.0%) used television as a source of information, none of them (0.0%) were aware of any Nigerian RTS used to promote agriculture. The most severe perceived constraints to the use of RTS were poor network reception eception (x ̄= 161.2), unstable power supply (x ̄= 160.3), lack of sponsorship (x ̄= 156.2), sustainability of the show (x ̄= 154.6) and language barrier (x ̄= 147.1). The majority of the farmers (69.4%) had a high propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Farmers’ perceived constraints (r = −0.196) significantly correlated with their propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Agricultural development communicators should focus on using this Entertainment-Education (EE) format in promoting climate-smart agriculture.
{"title":"Farmers’ propensity to use reality television shows for information on climate-smart agriculture strategies in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Adeyinka Jesuloba Oresanya, B. Olajide","doi":"10.2478/ats-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reality Television Show (RTS), an emerging variant of entertainment education, is renowned for its popularity among audiences all over the world, making it a great medium for conveying targeted educational messages to specific audiences. However, it is yet to be exploited for disseminating agriculture-related concepts such as Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Therefore, this study examined farmers’ propensity to use RTS for information on CSA strategies in southwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 121 farmers for this study. Using an interview schedule, data were collected on farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, sources of information on climate change and CSA, awareness of RTS, perceived constraints, and the propensity of its use for information on climate-smart agriculture strategies. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means) and inferential (PPMC) statistics at p = 0.05. Farmers were mostly male (55.4%), smallholders (1.6 ± 1.3 ha), and aged 44.9 ± 12.7 years. While most of the farmers (66.0%) used television as a source of information, none of them (0.0%) were aware of any Nigerian RTS used to promote agriculture. The most severe perceived constraints to the use of RTS were poor network reception eception (x ̄= 161.2), unstable power supply (x ̄= 160.3), lack of sponsorship (x ̄= 156.2), sustainability of the show (x ̄= 154.6) and language barrier (x ̄= 147.1). The majority of the farmers (69.4%) had a high propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Farmers’ perceived constraints (r = −0.196) significantly correlated with their propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Agricultural development communicators should focus on using this Entertainment-Education (EE) format in promoting climate-smart agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7633,"journal":{"name":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica","volume":"43 1 1","pages":"65 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85043030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：