Quaderni di criminologia clinica最新文献

The Author examines and describes in detail the normative and organizational aspects of forensic-psychiatric services in the URSS. Both criminal expert opinions and civil aspects are described. The problem of civil rights of mentally ill persons are discussed together with education and training of the experts employed in institutions and by the courts.

In this report the Authors are concerned with the important phenomenon of a number of alcohol addicts being present in most psychiatric hospitals. This phenomenon is viewed on the social and economic background which in characteristic of the Lecce psychiatric hospital (a background marked by notable migratory movements, massive industrialisation, chaotic urbanisation, etc.). A particular emphasis is given to the relationships, still debated in literature, between chronic alcoholism and antisocial behaviour on the basis of the examination of some social and economical data. Lasely, a different organisation of the psychiatric system of assistence and even of the general sanitary social service is proposed as necessary in consideration of the serious social implications connected with the problem.

The object of the present study is the analysis of how certain types of delinquent behaviour are noted by a group of young people, aged between 14 and 18 years, resident in the Milan area. Under the methodological profile a questionaire was made up including various hypotheses of behaviour of a criminal nature which those interviewed were asked to comment on not only on the level of mere approval/disapproval but also on the level of the attitude they considered it would be best to assume towards the hypothetical author of the crime. A clear homogeneity in the answers was found only on the level of the reaction of approval/disapproval, since all the sample of young people, with slight variations, was found to give a strongly disapproving judgement. With regard to the request for interventions on the operative level on the other hand a sort of dispersion was noted at the level of all the various possible answers contemplated. In such a perspective it is important to note how the request for penal interventions and, above all, specifically punitive interventions was particularly rarely encountered, and how the young people tended to favour an attempt to solve the problem in a more strictly private and psychological manner, involving the primary groups of ownership, through the indication of types of intervention to clarify and support the culprits, generally of a psychological nature, but in any case certainly not punitive.

The Authors, after synthetic outline of the new regulations concerning "the release on trust in social service", an alternative measure to that of imprisonment according to law no. 354 of 26 July 1975, take into consideration some of the problems and difficulties which have emerged in the first months of application of this law. This examination is followed by a review of the results of criminological research on the period of probation and of the present aims emerging with regard to this measure, in the countries where it has been tested for some time. The Authors conclude with a critical evaluation of the present regulations and a series of proposals aimed at improving the application of the probation system in social service.

This work describes the results obtained with the use of a pharmaceutical product, sulpiride, whose effect is not yet completely known in the psychiatric field and which has precise indications in general medicine in the treatment of dizzy syndromes and for its strong antiemetic action. The drug was used by us in the treatment of schizophrenic criminals, in about 100 cases between 1973 and today. From the clinical point of view it was noted that the antipsychotic efficiency is a little difficult to forecast, while the resocializing action is more incisive. About the fifth day of treatment there is a "veering" characteristic of the clinical symptomatology which we related to a high and constant level of prolactinemy, which reaches its highest point on the fifth day. The implications concerning a probable hormonal substrate of the aggressiveness are very clearly revealed and can be considered together with those already known of the importance for control of the hypophysis-surrenal axis. At the same time it is necessary to point out the delicacy of the problem represented by the possibility of a modifying action from outside in relation to the general manifestations of behaviour; in the psychiatric field, in particular, without a contemporary influence of appreciable dimensions on the fundamental nucleus of the disease.