Radiobiologia, radiotherapia最新文献

A system for thermoradiotherapy of cervical carcinoma is presented, that allows combination of high-dosed afterloading short-time therapy by means of the technique being available in the GDR (DEKATRON) with the equipment CALOTHERM, constructed in Institut M. v. Ardenne. The first clinical experiences (3 patients) show, that the expected target temperature of 42 degrees C at the cervix was reached by all means after 6 minutes at least. Complications involved by hyperthermia did not appear with it, so that the continuation of this therapy is planned in form of a phase-I-study.

Data published in international papers were analyzed and submitted to a multidimensional variate and discriminant analysis. In this analysis, information on prodromal symptoms and on hematological alterations 24 hours after irradiation was considered. As a result of the analysis it was pointed out that by means of a discriminant function the classification of persons to the four degrees of radiation sickness is possible with a computed false rate of classification of nearly 20% and a dose-effect-relation exists between discriminant scores and computed whole-body doses.

The value of serum neopterin as tumour marker was verified on 104 breast cancer patients. Based on the results, neopterin cannot be recommended either for deciding treatment after primary therapy or for monitoring of breast cancer.

Quantitative changes of some selected serum proteins in rats irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy neutrons were compared with protein changes in rats irradiated with an equal single neutron dose and subsequent continuous gamma irradiation using daily dose rate of 0.574 Gy up to the total dose of 6 Gy. On the basis of the values obtained from the diagrams of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis it was found that both irradiations entailed approximately equal quantitative changes of the serum concentrations of the proteins followed. The differences found concerned time intervals of the adjustment of the changes produced. After neutron irradiation reparation of the serum albumin occurred on 14th day, of A1-globulin concentrations on 28th day and of haptoglobin on 90th day, yet after combined neutron and gamma irradiation reparation of the changes in albumin on 15th and A1-globulin occurred on 40th day and in haptoglobin only on 100th day after neutron irradiation.

Rarely low malignant Non-Hodgkin-lymphomas (NHL) can be attended curatively. An alternative to hitherto applied chemotherapy in advanced stages is the retarded therapeutic proceeding in the so-called "indolent" NHL. However, the optimal therapeutic regimen is unknown. High malignant NHL can be attended curatively to a high percentage. With protocols of therapy in 2. and 3. generation the total remission rate could be increased and the rate of relapses could be decreased compared with the CHOP-scheme. The application of radiotherapy is not defined sufficiently in high malignant NHL yet.

The micronucleus assay technique of Högstedt was used in studies of time-response and dose-response to single acute 137Cs gamma-ray exposure of human blood in vitro. Time-response following a 2 Gy dose was examined at postradiation times 48, 72, 77, 96, and 120 hours; micronucleated lymphocyte frequencies peaked at 77 hours, dropping insignificantly at 96 hours. Unirradiated control blood showed relatively low values peaking at 77 hours. The dose-response data obtained at 77 hours with single irradiations at dose levels 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy were a good fit to a linear-quadratic relationship: Y = 0.5 + 1.17D + 0.338D2 (Y, micronucleated lymphocyte percentage; D, radiation dose in Gy). The evidence obtained and the rapidity and case of assay performance give us ground to assume that the method is applicable as a initial screening test to estimate the cytogenetic effect of human exposure in vivo.

A catalogue of computer-based programmes for dosimetric irradiation planning is described, that was elaborated according to the programme of the joint research of the CMEA-countries on field of radiotherapy of malignant tumors in the years 1983-1985. The catalogue includes 55 programmes from 11 research-centres in Hungary, the GDR, Poland, the USSR, and the CSSR: 23 programmes are determined for dosimetric planning of distant irradiation, 13 for intracavitary, 7 for interstitial, 6 for combined irradiation, and 6 for radiobiological planning. 26 programmes are used to optimize the dose fields by selection of adequate irradiation conditions. The catalogue includes 42 tables, which in details inform on possibilities of the programmes, on radiotherapeutic equipments, which were these programmes elaborated for, and on their clinical use. The problem is discussed to procure the catalogue.