Revista de chirurgie, oncologie, radiologie, o.r.l., oftalmologie, stomatologie. Chirurgie最新文献

The paper reports on two peculiar clinical observations of diffuse acute peritonitis in which the abdominal cavity was contaminated by perianorectal suppurative acute processes, insufficiently solved surgically. The diagnosis difficulties, peculiarities of the surgical treatment, and their special seriousness are revealed.

Analysis of a group of 276 patients with congenital hydronephrosis by dysfunction of pyeloureteral function shows that in the most cases the diagnosis has to be established by corroborating the data given by urography, echography, and isotopic renogram. In the cases of controversial hydronephrosis diagnostic, urography and renogram under diuresis induction are very important in practice.

The author recommends a differential surgical attitude towards the complex diaphyseal fractures of the thigh bone in the old patients. Mixed metallic devices can replace osteosynthesis with Küntscher's rod, reduce the bleeding surgical maneuvers, short the surgical time and have a very good contention.

Although many surgeons still perform the definitive terminal colostomy using the initial technique--pararectal incision, transperitoneal tract, secondarily retouched excess--this procedure complicates uselessly the surgical technique leading frequently to complications. These drawbacks might be avoided by using transrectal extraperitoneal extemporaneously matured colostomy that simplifies the surgical technique and prevents both precocious complications (peritonitis, occlusions, parietal abscess, necessity of a second "retouch" surgery) and also tardy complications (stomal prolapse, parastomal eventration).

On the basis of his experience in esophageal surgery (78 esophagoplasties--Gavriliu's techniques I and II) the author devised a semiflexible clip for making the new esophageal tube in the great gastric curvature. Unlike the other clips used, which sometimes produce lesions of the gastric mucosa or of the new esophageal tube--due to the rigidity of their arms--the new clip eliminates these shortcomings by two semiflexible arms (in the upper part) and an effort long scale (in the lower part).

The hemodynamic modifications during anesthesia induction with etomidat or thiopentalum, with and without pretreatment with fentanyl, were studied in 60 ASA I-II patients. The patients were randomly divided into six subgroups, as a function of the induction agent (etomidat, 0.15 mg/kg, or thiopentalum, 3 mg/kg) and of the pretreatment used (fentanyl, 5 micrograms/kg, or 0.9% 1 ml/kg saline solution). Systolic, diastolic ATs and pulse were followed and measured during induction and after tracheal intubation. During induction the presence or absence of the thoracic rigidity, after fentanyl administration, and also the appearance of myoclonias and of local pain after etomidat injection were noted. Measurement of hemodynamic constants showed, in the control subgroups unprotected by fentanyl, that AT and pulse frequency increase following laryngoscopy and intubation irrespective of the induction agent used. Association of thiopentalum with fentanyl influenced partially tachycardia and postintubation hypertension. Administration of 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl prevented the SAT and pulse modifications but not the DAT variation. Association of 10 micrograms/kg fentanyl ensured a complete protective effect versus the tracheal intubation but, it led, first, to a SAT decrease by intensification of the myocardial depressing effect of the barbiturate. On the other hand, use of fentanyl as induction adjuvant with etomidat ensured the blockage of the pressure response to intubation, with hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction, irrespective of the dose of fentanyl injected. Thoracic rigidity and the side effects generated by etomidate were absent.

In a group of 161 patients subjected to emergency surgery of rectocolonic cancers with occlusive (111 cases), hemorrhagic (39 cases) or perforating (11 cases) complications, the authors analyze the immediate therapeutic results, as a function of the complication form and the surgical method used in emergency (primary colectomy, serial surgeries, palliative surgeries). Emergency colectomy (55 cases) performed deliberately in strictly selected cases or as the unique possible choice, was followed by immediate good results (the lowest rate of surgical morbidity and mortality) in comparison with the serial surgeries (cumulative morbidity and mortality). The paper discusses the indications of the proximal colectomy and of Hartman's surgery in primary emergency colectomies. Serial surgeries (secondary colectomy--30 cases) are mainly indicated in the complicated cancers of the left colon, in the patients with resectable tumours, but with critical biological state or with insufficiently prepared colon. Palliative surgeries (colostomies, internal derivations) used in patients with nonresectable tumours were followed by the highest surgical mortality, a consequence of the biological substrate weakened by disease and complications. The data reported show the necessity of a selective tactical behaviour in the emergency surgery of rectocolonic cancer and plead for the primary urgent colectomy in the patients meeting certain general and local conditions. Likewise, they point to the importance of discovering rectocolonic cancer in an early stage, before the appearance of complications requiring the emergency surgery.

A total of 16 cases only have been reported in the world specialized literature. This is a new case, of a patient aged 20 years, a male working in the metallurgical industry. This is the first case reported in our country. Clinically the patient presented a painful global swelling of the median third of the clavicula on the left side. Biological constant were normal. Radiographic investigations revealed an increase in volume and a condensation of the median part of the clavicula, and scintigraphical studies revealed an intense incorporation of the radioisotope. Histopathologic studies showed lamellar and spongious bone tissue, with a normal trabecular structure, although considerably thickened. Data for the differential diagnosis are presented, and in the first place those concerning intra-sterno-clavicular hyperostosis, sterno-costo-clavicular arthrosis, chronic subacute osteitis, avascular necrosis of the clavicular epiphysis (Friedrich disease), and Tietze syndrome. The etiopathogenesis of this rare benign clinico-radiologic entity remains unknown.

The hemodynamic response caused by the orthotracheal intubation and also the fentanyl-induced protection were determined in the patients with ultrarapid anesthetic induction. 60 patients were randomly distributed in 3 groups, each of 30 patients: group I, control, with sequential induction, group II, with ultrarapid induction, and group III with ultrarapid induction protected by fentanyl administration. In the patients in the groups II and III the hydrocortisone in the blood, taken 1 minute before induction and 3 minutes after intubation was dosed radioimmunologically. Measurement of the hemodynamic constants showed the increase of the systolic and diastolic AT, and of the pulse during laryngoscopy and in the first two minutes after intubation in all the patients investigated. The hemodynamic response was stronger in the lot with rapid induction, with important differences in comparison with the group with sequential induction. In the IIIrd group, the previous injection with fentanyl, 5 mcg/kg led to a less intense hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation, close to that of the control group. Likewise, the injection of the anesthetic was followed by an important decrease in the plasmatic hydrocortisone in comparison with the preinduction values.

The paper reports on the authors' experience in the surgical emergency of a special category of patients: pregnant women with acute affections requiring surgery. The clinical aspects, sometimes deceptive, diagnosis difficulties and tactile and technical surgical attitudes are presented in detail.